The Conceptualization of Social Complexity in Global Teams

REFERENCES

• Ancona , D. , Bresman , H. and Caldwell , D. 2009 . The X-factor: Six steps to leading high- performing X-teams . Organizational Dynamics , 38 ( 3 ) : 217 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancona , D. G. and Caldwell , D. F. 1992 . Bridging the boundary: External activity and performance in organizational teams . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 ( 4 ) : 634 – 665 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axtell , C. 2008 . Why dispersed teams need to find a different perspective on reducing misunderstandings . People Management , 14 ( 2 ) : 74 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Ayoko , O. B. 2007 . Communication openness, conflict events and reactions to conflict in culturally diverse workgroups . Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal , 14 ( 2 ) : 105
   Google Scholar
• Bazarova , N. N. and Walther , J. B. 2009 . Attributions in virtual groups: Distances and behavioral variations in computer-mediated discussions . Small Group Research , 40 ( 2 ) : 138 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Ari , R. , Kedem , P. and Levy-Weiner , N. 1992 . Cognitive complexity and intergroup perception and evaluation . Personality and Individual Differences , 13 ( 12 ) : 1291 – 1298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benet-Martinez , V. , Lee , F. and Leu , J. 2006 . Biculturalism and cognitive complexity: Expertise in cultural representations . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 37 ( 4 ) : 386 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieri , J. 1955 . Cognitive complexity-simplicity and predictive behavior . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 51 : 263 – 268 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brewer , M. B. and Pierce , K. P. 2005 . Social identity complexity and outgroup tolerance . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 31 ( 3 ) : 428 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon-Bowers , J. A. and Salas , E. 2001 . Reflections on shared cognition. Journal of Organizational Behavior . Special Issue: Shared Cognition , 22 : 195 – 202 . (SpecIssue)
   Google Scholar
• Carte , Chidambaram . 2005 . “ Diversity—is it more than meets the eye? ” . In Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
   Google Scholar
• Connaughton , S. L. and Shuffler , M. 2007 . Multinational and multicultural distributed teams: A review and future agenda . Small Group Research , 38 ( 3 ) : 387 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramton , C. D. 2001 . The mutual knowledge problem and its consequences for dispersed collaboration . Organization Science , 12 ( 3 ) : 346 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings , J. N. 2004 . Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization . Management Science , 50 ( 3 ) : 352 – 364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierdorff , E. C. and Rubin , R. S. 2007 . Carelessness and discriminability in work role requirement judgments: Influences of role ambiguity and cognitive complexity . Personnel Psychology , 60 ( 3 ) : 597 – 625 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doz , Y. , Santos , J. and Williamson , P. 2004 . Diversity: The key to innovation advantage European Business Forum, (17) 25 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Elron , E. 1997 . Top management teams within multinational corporations: Effects of cultural heterogeneity . The Leadership Quarterly , 8 ( 4 ) : 393 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans . 2006 . Creating value from cross-cultural teams: An example of Franco-British collaborative ventures. 2006 . Cross Cultural Management , 13 ( 4 ) : 316 – 329 .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Prieto , P. , Bellard , E. and Schneider , S. C. 2003 . Experiencing diversity, conflict, and emotions in teams . Applied Psychology: An International Review , 52 ( 3 ) : 413 – 440 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevers , J. M. P. , van Eerde , W. and Rutte , C. G. 2009 . Team self-regulation and meeting deadlines in project teams: Antecedents and effects of temporal consensus . European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology , 18 ( 3 ) : 295 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , C. and Vermeulen , F. 2003 . A healthy divide: Subgroups as a stimulus for team learning behavior . Administrative Science Quarterly , 48 ( 2 ) : 202 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greer , L. L. and Jehn , K. A. 2007 . Where perception meets reality: The effects of different types of faultline perceptions, asymmetries, and realities on intersubgroup conflict and workgroup outcomes Academy of Management Proceedings
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , J. R. 1987 . “ The design of work teams ” . In Handbook of organizational behavior Edited by: Lorsch , J. Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall . In
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , J. R. 1999 . Thinking differently about context US : Elsevier Science/JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , J. R. 2002 . Leading teams: Setting the stage for great performances Boston : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hackman , J. R. , Wageman , R. , Ruddy , T. M. and Ray , C. R. 2000 . “ Team effectiveness in theory and practice ” . In Industrial and organizational psychology: Theory and practice Edited by: Cooper , C. and Locke , E. A. Oxford , , UK : Blackwell . In
   Google Scholar
• Hambley , L. A. , O'Neill , T. A. and Kline , T. J. B. 2007 . Virtual team leadership: The effects of leadership style and communication medium on team interaction styles and outcomes . Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes , 103 ( 1 ) : 1 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambrick , D. C. , Davidson , S. C. , Snell , S. A. and Snow , C. C. 1998 . When groups consist of multiple nationalities: Towards a new understanding of the implications . Organization Studies , 19 ( 2 ) : 181 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handy , C. 1995 . Trust and the virtual organization . Harvard Business Review , 73 ( 3 ) : 40 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , D. A. and Klein , K. J. 2007 . What's the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations . Academy of Management Review , 32 ( 4 ) : 1199 – 1228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinds , P. J. and Mortensen , M. 2005 . Understanding conflict in geographically distributed teams: The moderating effects of shared identity, shared context, and spontaneous communication . Organization Science , 16 ( 3 ) : 290 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinze , T. , Doster , J. and Joe , V. C. 1997 . The relationship of conservatism and cognitive- complexity . Personality and Individual Differences , 22 ( 2 ) : 297 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede , Geert . 2001, 2003 . Culture's consequences: International differences in work- related values, , 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Homan , A. C. , van Knippenberg , D. , Van Kleef , G. A. and De Dreu , C. K. W. 2007 . Interacting dimensions of diversity: Cross-categorization and the functioning of diverse work groups . Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice , 11 ( 2 ) : 79 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvenpaa , S. L. and Leidner , D. E. 1999 . Communication and trust in global virtual teams . Organization Science , 10 ( 6 ) : 791 – 815 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiatao , L. I. and Hambrick , D. C. 2005 . Factional groups: A new vantage on demographic faultlines, conflict, and disintegration in work teams . Academy of Management Journal , 48 ( 5 ) : 794 – 813 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , GA . 1955 . The psychology of personal constructs New York : Norton. .
   Google Scholar
• Klimoski , R. and Mohammed , S. 1994 . Team mental model: Construct or metaphor? . Journal of Management , 20 ( 2 ) : 403 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerstrom , K. and Andersson , M. 2003 . Creating and sharing knowledge within a transnational team—the development of a global business system . Journal of World Business , 38 ( 2 ) : 84 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau , D. C. and Murnighan , J. K. 1998 . Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups . Academy of Management Review , 23 ( 2 ) : 325 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau , D. C. and Murnighan , J. K. 2005 . Interactions within groups and subgroups: The effects of demographic faultlines . Academy of Management Journal , 48 ( 4 ) : 645 – 659 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnus , E. B. 2009 . “Globale teams og Globale Kompetencer” . Psyke & Logos , 30 : 471 – 493 . Nr. 2, pp.
   Google Scholar
• Maznevski , M. L. , Gomez , C. B. , DiStefano , J. J. , Noorderhaven , N. G. and Wu , P. 2002 . Cultural dimensions at the individual level of analysis: The cultural orientations framework . International Journal of Cross Cultural Management , 2 ( 3 ) : 275 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Maznevski , M. L. and Chudoba , K. M. 2000 . Bridging space over time: Global virtual team dynamics and effectiveness . Organization Science , 11 ( 5 ) : 473 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough , E. F. III . 2000 . Meeting the challenge of global team management . Research Technology Management , 43 ( 4 ) 12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonough , E. F. III , Kahn , K. B. and Barczak , G. 2001 . An investigation of the use of global, virtual, and colocated new product development teams . Journal of Product Innovation Management , 18 ( 2 ) : 110 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod , P. L. , Lobel , S. A. and Cox , T. H. Jr. 1996 . Ethnic diversity and creativity in small groups . Small Group Research , 27 ( 2 ) : 248 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed , S. and Dumville , B. C. 2001 . Team mental models in a team knowledge framework: Expanding theory and measurement across disciplinary boundaries. Journal of Organizational Behavior . Special Issue: Shared Cognition , 22 : 89 – 106 . (Speclssue)
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed , S. and Ringseis , E. 2001 . Cognitive diversity and consensus in group decision making: The role of inputs, processes, and outcomes . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 85 ( 2 ) : 310 – 335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinsky , A. 2007 . Cross-cultural code-switching: The psychological challenges of adapting behavior in foreign cultural interactions . Academy of Management Review , 32 ( 2 ) : 622 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinsky , A. L. 2005 . Language fluency and the evaluation of cultural faux pas: Russians interviewing for jobs in the United States . Social Psychology Quarterly , 68 : 103 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers , A. , Kakabadse , A. , McMahon , T. and Spony , G. 1995 . Top management styles in Europe: Implications for business and cross-national teams . European Business Journal , 7 ( 1 ) 17.
   Google Scholar
• Wright , Norman S. and Drewery , Glyn P. 2006 . Forming cohesion in culturally heterogeneous teams: Differences in japanese, pacific islander and anglo experiences . Cross Cultural Management , 13 ( 1 ) : 43 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Leary , M. B. and Cummings , J. N. 2007 . The spatial, temporal, and configurational characteristics of geographic dispersion in teams . MIS Quarterly , 31 ( 3 ) : 433 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus , T. M. , Bichelmeyer , B. , Malopinsky , L. , Pereira , M. and Rastogi , P. 2005 . Power distance and group dynamics of an international project team: A case study . Teaching in Higher Education , 10 ( 1 ) : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polzer , J. T. , Crisp , C. B. , Jarvenpaa , S. L. and Kim , J. W. 2006 . Extending the faultline model to geographically dispersed teams: How colocated subgroups can impair group functioning . Academy of Management Journal , 49 ( 4 ) : 679 – 692 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren , Y. , Carley , K. M. and Argote , L. 2006 . The contingent effects of transactive memory: When is it more beneficial to know what others know? . Management Science , 52 ( 5 ) : 671 – 682 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roccas , S. and Brewer , M. B. 2002 . Social identity complexity . Personality & Social Psychology Review (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) , 6 ( 2 ) : 88 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothbart , M. and Lewis , S. 1994 . “ Cognitive processes and intergroup relations: A historical perspective ” . In Social cognition: Impact on social psychology Edited by: Hamilton , D. and Sherman , S. 347 – 382 . Tampa , FLA : Academic Press . In,).
   Google Scholar
• Shachaf , P. 2008 . Cultural diversity and information and communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory study . Information & Management , 45 ( 2 ) : 131 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S. H. 2006 . “ Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and consequences across nations ” . In Measuring attitudes cross-nationally: Lessons from the European Social Survey Edited by: Jowell , R. , Roberts , C. , Fitzgerald , R. and Eva , G. 1 London : Sage . In 69–203).
   Google Scholar
• Rovio , E. , Eskola , J. , Kozub , S. A. , Duda , J. L. and Lintunen , T. 2009 . Can high group cohesion be harmful?: A case study of a junior ice-hockey team . Small Group Research , 40 ( 4 ) : 421 – 435 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , W. A. 1969 . Structure of natural cognitions . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 12 : 261 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , D. L. , Furst , S. A. , Spreitzer , G. M. and von Glinow , M. A. 2002 . Transnational teams in the electronic age: Are team identity and high performance at risk? . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 23 ( 4 ) 455.
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd , D. A. and Krueger , N. F. 2002 . An Intentions-Based model of entrepreneurial teams' social cognition . Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice , 27 ( 2 ) 167.
   Google Scholar
• Smith , P. B. , Peterson , M. F. and Schwartz , S. H. 2002 . Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior: A 47-nation study . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 33 ( 2 ) : 188 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sole , D. and Edmondson , A. 2002 . Situated knowledge and learning in dispersed teams British Journal of Management, 13, S17
   Google Scholar
• Speier , C. , Valacich , Joseph S. and Vessey , Iris . 1999 . The influence of task interruption on individual decision making: An information overload perspective . Decision Sciences , 30 ( 2 ) 337 360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staples , D. S. and Zhao , L. 2006 . The effects of cultural diversity in virtual teams versus face-to-face teams . Group Decision and Negotiation, 1 , 5 ( 4 ) : 389 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• Thatcher , S. M.B. , Jehn , K. and Zanutto , E. 2003 . Cracks in diversity research: The effects of diversity faultlines on conflict and performance Vol. 12 , 217 – 241 . Group Decision and Negotiation .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , L. and Fine , G. A. 1999 . Socially shared cognition, affect, and behavior: A review and integration . Personality and Social Psychology Review , 3 ( 4 ) : 278 – 302 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tuttle , B. and Burton , F. G. 1999 . The effects of a modest incentive on information overload in an investment analysis task . Accounting, Organizations and Society , 24 ( 8 ) : 673 – 687 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , J. B. and Bazarova , N. N. 2007 . Misattribution in virtual groups: The effects of member distribution on self-serving bias and partner blame . Human Communication Research , 33 ( 1 ) : 1 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Knippenberg , D. , De Dreu Carsten , K. W. and Homan , A. C. 2004 . Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda . Journal of Applied Psychology , 89 ( 6 ) : 1008 – 1022 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Knippenberg , D. and Schippers , M. C. 2007 . Work group diversity . Annual Review of Psychology , 58 ( 1 ) : 515 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Zee , K. , Atsma , N. and Brodbeck , F. 2004 . The influence of social identity and personality on outcomes of cultural diversity in teams . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 35 ( 3 ) : 283 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vannoy , J. S. 1965 . Generality of cognitive complexity-simplicity as a personality construct . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2 : 385 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , W. E. , Kumar , K. and Michaelsen , L. K. 1993 . Cultural diversity's impact on interaction process and performance: Comparing homogeneous and diverse task groups . Academy of Management Journal , 36 ( 3 ) : 590 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. 1987 . “ Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind ” . In Theories of Group Behavior Edited by: Mullen , B. and Goethals , G. R. 185 New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. , Giuliano , T. and Hertel , P. T. 1985 . “ Cognitive interdependence in close relationships ” . Compatible and incompatible relationships Edited by: Ickes , W. J. 253276 New York : Springer-Vedag . In).
   Google Scholar
• Woolley , A. W. , Hackman , J. R. , Jerde , T. E. , Chabris , C. F. , Bennett , S. L. and Kosslyn , S. M. 2007 . Using brain-based measures to compose teams: How individual capabilities and team collaboration strategies jointly shape performance . Social Neuroscience , 2 ( 2 ) : 96 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar