1,529
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Health and Well-Being of Military Drone Operators and Intelligence Analysts: A Systematic Review

&
Pages 83-98 | Published online: 13 Dec 2017

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Asaro, P. M. (2013). The labor of surveillance and bureaucratized killing: New subjectivities of military drone operators. Social Semiotics, 23, 196–224. 10.1080/10350330.2013.777591
  • Bone, E., & Bolkcom, C. (2003). Unmanned aerial vehicles: Background and issues for congress. Congressional research service report, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 25 April 2003. Retrieved from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA467807
  • Bonnar, A. J. (2000). Stress at work: The beliefs and experiences of police superintendents. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 2, 285–302. 10.1177/146135570000200402
  • Bray, R. M., Pemberton, M. R., Lane, M. E., Hourani, L. L., Mattiko, M. J., & Babeu, L. A. (2010). Substance use and mental health trends among US military active duty personnel: Key findings from the 2008 DoD Health Behavior Survey. Military Medicine, 175, 390–399.
  • Buckman, J. E. J., Sundin, J., Greene, T., Fear, N. T., Dandeker, C., Greenberg, N., & Wessely, S. (2011). The impact of deployment length on the health and well-being of military personnel: A systematic review of the literature. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 68, 69–76. 10.1136/oem.2009.054692
  • *Chappelle, W., Goodman, T., Reardon, L., & Thompson, W. (2014). An analysis of post-traumatic stress symptoms in United States Air Force drone operators. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 480–487. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.05.003
  • Chappelle, W., McDonald, K., & King, R. E. (2010). Psychological attributes critical to the performance of MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper U.S. Air Force sensor operators ( Tech. Rep. No. AFRL-SA-BR-TR-2010-0007), USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX, 25 June 2010. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA525910
  • *Chappelle, W., McDonald, K., Prince, L., Goodman, T., Ray-Sannerud, B. N., & Thompson, W. (2014a). Assessment of occupational burnout in United States Air Force Predator/Reaper “drone” operators. Military Psychology, 26, 376–385. 10.1037/mil0000046
  • *Chappelle, W. L., McDonald, K. D., Prince, L., Goodman, T., Ray-Sannerud, B. N., & Thompson, W. (2014b). Symptoms of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder in United States Air Force “drone” operators. Military Medicine, 179(Suppl.1), 63–70. 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00501
  • *Chappelle, W., McDonald, K., Thompson, B., & Swearengen, J. (2012). Prevalence of high emotional distress, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in U.S. Air Force active duty remotely piloted aircraft operators ( 2010 USAFSAM survey results; Tech. Rep. No. AFRL-SA-WP-2013-0002), USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX, December 2012. Retrieved May 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA577055
  • *Chappelle, W., Prince, L., Goodman, T., Thompson, W., Cowper, S., & Ray-Sannerud, B. (2014c). Occupational health screening of the virtual warrior: Distributed common ground system intelligence operators compared with non-combatant support personnel ( Tech. Rep. No. AFRL-SA-WP-TR-2014-0003), USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX, February 2014. Retrieved September, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA604765
  • *Chappelle, W., Salinas, A., & McDonald, K. (2011). Psychological health screening of USAF remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operators and supporting units. Paper presented at the Symposium on Mental Health and Well-Being Across the Military Spectrum, Bergen, Norway, 12 April 2011. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a582856.pdf
  • *Chappelle, W., Swearingen, J., Goodman, T., Cowper, S., Prince, L., & Thompson, W. (2014). Occupational health screenings of US Air Force remotely piloted aircraft (Drone) operators ( Tech. Rep. No. AFRL-SA-WP-TR-2014-0007), USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX, April 2014. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA608598
  • Cole, C. (2012). Is drone proliferation about to explode? Drone Wars UK, 25 May 2012. Retrieved June, 2016, from https://dronewars.net/2012/05/25/is-drone-proliferation-about-to-explode/
  • Cole, C. (2015). Drone proliferation in light of increased targeted killing. Drone Wars UK, 25 September 2015. Retrieved June, 2016, from https://dronewars.net/2015/09/25/drone-proliferation-in-light-of-increased-targeted-killing/
  • Davis, J., Johnson, R., Stepanek, J., & Fogarty, J. A. (2008). Fundamentals of aerospace medicine (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • de Rezende, L. F. M., Rodrigues Lopes, M., Rey-López, J. P., Matsudo, V. K. R., & Luiz, O. C. (2014). Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One, 9, e105620. 10.1371/journal.pone.0105620
  • Fitzsimmons, S., & Sangha, K. (2010). Killing in high definition: Combat stress among operators of remotely piloted aircraft. Technology, 12, 289–292.
  • Gershon, R. R. M., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioural outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 275–289. 10.1177/0093854808330015
  • Gertler, J. (2012). US unmanned aerial systems. Congressional research service report, Library of Congress, Washington DC, 3 January 2012. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA566235
  • Hoagland, B. T. (2013). Manning the next unmanned Air Force: Developing RPA pilots of the future. Policy paper, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 6 August 2013. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/08/06-air-force-drone-pilot-development-hoagland
  • Hoge, C. W., Castro, C. A., Messer, S. C., McGurk, D., Cotting, D. I., & Koffman, R. L. (2004). Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 13–22. 10.1056/NEJMoa040603
  • Karstoft, K. I., Armour, C., Elklit, A., & Solomon, Z. (2013). Long term trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: The role of social resources. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74, e1163–e1168. 10.4088/JCP.13.m08482
  • Karstoft, K. I., Armour, C., Elklit, A., & Solomon, Z. (2015). The role of locus of control and coping style in predicting longitudinal PTSD-trajectories after combat exposure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 32, 89–94. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.03.007
  • Keane, J. F., & Carr, S. S. (2013). A brief history of early unmanned aircraft. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, 32, 558–571.
  • Kmietowicz, Z. (2012). Use of drones is a war crime and must be stopped, says charity. British Medical Journal, 345, e6820. 10.1136/bmj.e6820
  • *Otto, J. L., & Webber, B. J. (2013). Mental health diagnoses and counseling among pilots of remotely piloted aircraft in the United States Air Force. MSMR, 20, 3–8.
  • *Ouma, J. A., Chappelle, W. L., & Salinas, A. (2011). Facets of occupational burnout among US Air Force active duty and National Guard/Reserve MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper operators ( Tech. Rep. No. AFRL-SA-WP-TR-2011-0003), USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX, June 2011. Retrieved June, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA548103
  • *Prince, L., Chappelle, W., McDonald, K., & Goodman, T. (2012). Main sources of occupational stress and symptoms of burnout, clinical distress, and post-traumatic stress among Distributed Common Ground System intelligence exploitation operators ( 2011 USAFSAM survey results; Tech. Rep. No. AFRL-SA-WP-TR-2012-0010), USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks City-Base, TX, September 2012. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA571309
  • *Prince, L., Chappelle, W. L., McDonald, K. D., Goodman, T., Cowper, S., & Thompson, W. (2015). Reassessment of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder in United States Air Force Distributed Common Ground System operators. Military Medicine, 180(Suppl.), 171–178. 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00397
  • *Reardon, L., Chappelle, W., Goodman, T., Cowper, S., Prince, L., & Thompson, W. (2016). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms in United States Air Force intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance agency imagery analysts. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8, 55–62. 10.1037/tra0000046
  • Richardson, L. K., Frueh, B. C., & Acierno, R. (2010). Prevalence estimates of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: Critical review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 4–19. 10.3109/00048670903393597
  • Seal, K. H., Bertenthal, D., Miner, C. R., Sen, S., & Marmar, C. (2007). Bringing the war back home: Mental health disorders among 103,788 US veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 476–482. 10.1001/archinte.167.5.476
  • Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A., Andersen, J. P., Poulin, M., McIntosh, D. N., & Gil-Rivas, V. (2013). Mental- and physical-health effects of acute exposure to media images of the September 11, 2001, attacks and the Iraq War. Psychological Science, 24, 1623–1634. 10.1177/0956797612460406
  • Singer, P. W. (2009). Wired for war: The robotics revolution and conflict in the twenty-first century. New York, NY: Penguin Press.
  • *Thompson, W. T., Lopez, N., Hickey, P., DaLuz, C., Caldwell, J. L., & Tvaryanas, A. P. (2006). Effects of shift work and sustained operations: Operator performance in remotely piloted aircraft ( OP-REPAIR; Tech. Rep. No. HSW-PE-BR-TR-2006-0001), Air Force Research Laboratory, Brooks City-Base, TX, January 2006. Retrieved June, 2016, from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA443145
  • *Tvaryanas, A. P., & MacPherson, G. D. (2009). Fatigue in pilots of remotely piloted aircraft before and after shift work adjustment. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 80, 454–461. 10.3357/ASEM.2455.2009
  • *Tvaryanas, A. P., & Thompson, W. T. (2006). Fatigue in military aviation shift workers: Survey results for selected occupational groups. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 77, 1166–1170.
  • Tvaryanas, A. P., & Thompson, W. T. (2008). Recurrent error pathways in HFACS data: Analysis of 95 mishaps with remotely piloted aircraft. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79, 525–532. 10.3357/ASEM.2002.2008
  • U.S. Air Force. (2005). The U.S. Air Force remotely piloted aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicle strategic vision. Retrieved May, 2016, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=usafresearch
  • Violanti, J. M., Andrew, M. E., Mnatsakanova, A., Hartley, T. A., Fekedulegn, D., & Burchfiel, C. M. (2016). Correlates of hopelessness in the high suicide risk police occupation. Police Practice and Research, 17, 408–419. 10.1080/15614263.2015.1015125

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.