Human retinal hemodynamics following administration of 5-isosorbide mononitrate

References

• Abrams J. Long-acting nitrates in cardiovascular disease. In: Giles TD, Garbus SB, eds. Use of longer-acting agents in cardiac therapy. Recent advances. Health Care Com-munications, Inc., 1989:107–128.
   Google Scholar
• Schaumann N. Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Tox. 1989;27:445–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abshagen UWP. Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide mononitrate. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:61G–66G.
   Google Scholar
• Hutt V, Theodor R, Pabst G, Bonn R, Fritschi E, Jaeger H. Evaluation of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of two isosorbide-5-mononitrate preparations in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;32:553–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thadani U, Maranda CR, Amsterdam E, Spaccavento L, Friedman RG, Chernoff R, Zellner S, Gorwit J, Hinde-raker PH. Lack of pharmacological tolerance and rebound angina pectoris during twice-daily therapy with isosor-bide-5-mononitrate. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120: 353–359.
   Google Scholar
• Frayser R, Hickam JB. Effect of vasodilator drugs on the retinal blood flow in man. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965; 73:640–642.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hickam JB, Frayser R. Studies of the retinal circulationin man. Observations on vessel diameter, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and mean circulation time. Circula-tion. 1966;33:302–316.
   Google Scholar
• Wizemann A, Maier T, Wizemann V. Wirksamkeit unterschiedlicher Therapieprinzipien bei experimentellen NetzhautgeO13-verschliissen. Fortschr Ophthalmol. 1983; 80:176–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuritzky S. Nitroglycerin to treat acute loss of vision (letter). N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charness ME, Liu GT. Central retinal artery occlusion in giant cell arteritis: Treatment with nitroglycerin. Neuro-logy. 1991;41:1698–1699.
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair A-M, Hughes AD, Sever PS. Effect of nifedipine and glyceryl trinitrate on retinal blood flow in normal subjects. J Hum Hypertens. 1993;7:399–401.
   Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, DuPont J, Dreyer EB. Effect of chronic nitrate treatment on retinal vessel caliber in open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:753–758.
   Google Scholar
• Zurakowski D, Chaturvedi N, Nichols DP, Lipton SA, Dreyer EB. Nitrates slow progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (ARVO abstracts). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36\(Suppl. 4):S219.
   Google Scholar
• Zurakowski D, Vorwerk CK, Gorla M, Kanellopoulos AJ, Chaturvedi N, Grosskreutz CL, Lipton SA, Dreyer EB. Nitrate therapy may retard glaucomatous optic neu-ropathy, perhaps through modulation of glutamate recep-tors. Vision Res. 1998;38:1489–1494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Iannaccone A, DuPont J. Effect of 5-isosorbide mononitrate on the human optic nerve and choroidal circulations. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83: 162–167.
   Google Scholar
• Riva CE, Feke GT. Laser Doppler velocimetry in the measurement of retinal blood flow. In: Goldman L, ed. The Biomedical Laser: Technology and Clinical Appli-cations. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981:135–161.
   Google Scholar
• Riva CE, Grunwald JE, Sinclair SH, Petrig BL. Blood velocity and volumetric flow rate in human retinal ves-sels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:1124–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Brucker AJ, Petrig BL, Riva CE. Retinal blood flow regulation adn the clinical response to pan-retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retin-opathy. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:1518–1522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Brucker AJ, Braunstein SN, Schwartz SS, Baker L, Petrig BL, Riva CE. Strict metabolic control and retinal blood flow in diabetes mellitus. Br J Oph-thalmol. 1994;78:598–604.
   Google Scholar
• Damon DN, Duling BR. A comparison between mean blood velocities and center-line red cell velocities as measured with a mechanical image streaking velocito-meter. Microvasc Res. 1979;17:330–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haefliger IO, Flammer J, Luscher TF. Nitric oxide and endothelin-1 are important regulators of human oph-thalmic artery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33: 2340–2343.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer P, Flammer J, Luscher TF. Endothelium-depen-dent regulation of the ophthalmic microcirculation in the perfused porcine eye: role of nitric oxide and endothelins. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:3614–3621.
   Google Scholar
• Deussen A, Sonntag M, Vogel R. L-arginine-derived nitric oxide: a major determinant of uveal blood flow. Exp Eye Res. 1993;57:129–134.
   Google Scholar
• Kitamura Y, Okamura T, Kani K, Toda N. Nitric oxide-mediated retinal arteriolar and arterial dilatation induced by substance P. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:2859–2865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haefliger TO, Zschauer A, Anderson DR. Relaxation of retinal pericyte contractile tone through the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. Invest Oph-thalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:991–997.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein IM, Ostwald P, Roth S. Nitric oxide: a review of its role in retinal function and disease. Vision Res. 1996;36:2979–2994.
   Google Scholar
• Qi X, Guy J. Localization of NADPH diaphorase/nitric oxide synthase in the optic nerve of the normal guinea pig: A light and electron microscopic study. J Comp Neurol. 1996;370:396–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neufeld AH, Hernandez MR, Gonzalez M. Nitric oxide synthase in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:497–503.
   Google Scholar