References
- Altman DG (1996): Practical statistics for medical research. Padstow: Chapman & Hall.
- Brading AF (1997): Alterations in the physiological proper-ties of urinary bladder smooth muscle caused by bladder emptying against obstruction. Scan J Urol Nephrol 31: 51–58.
- Brading AF, Mostwin JL, Sibley GNA, Speakman MJ (1986): The role of smooth muscle and its possible involvement in diseases of the lower urinary tract Clin Sci 70: 7–13.
- Bramich NJ, Brading AF (1996): Electrical properties of smooth muscle in the guinea-pig urinary bladder. J Phys-iol 492: 185–198.
- Creed KE (1971a): Effects of ions and drugs in the smooth muscle cell membrane of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. Pfliigers Arch 326: 127–141.
- Creed KE (1971b): Membrane properties of the smooth mus-cle membrane of the guinea-pig urinary bladder. Pfliigers Arch 326: 115–126.
- Creed KE (1979): Functional diversity of smooth muscle. Br Med Bull 35: 243–247.
- Creed KE, Ishikawa S, Ito Y (1983): Electrical and mechan-ical activity recorded from rabbit urinary bladder in response to nerve stimulation. J Physiol 338: 149–164.
- Eglen RM, Reddy H, Watson N, Challiss RAJ (1994): Mus-carinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in smooth muscle. Trends Pharmacol Sci 15: 114–119.
- Fry CH, Montgomery BSI, Gallegos CRR (1995): The elec-trophysiology of human detrusor smooth muscle. Scand J Urol Nephrol 29: 67–73.
- Garfield RE, Thilander G, Blennerhaset MG, Sakai N (1992): Are gap junctions necessary for cell-to-cell coupling of smooth muscle?: an update. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 70: 481–490.
- Kinder RB, Mundy AR (1985): Atropine blockade of nerve-mediated stimulation of the human detrusor. Br J Urol 57: 418–421.
- Klockner U, Isenberg G (1985): Action potentials and net membrane currents of isolated smooth muscle cells (uri-nary bladder of the guinea-pig). Pfliigers Arch 405: 329–399.
- Mastrigt R van, Visser AJ (in press): Automatic recognition of spontaneous action potentials in membrane potential recordings of human urinary bladder smooth muscle strips. J Muscle Res Cell Mot.
- Mileva K, Vydevska M, Radicheva N (1998): Stretch- and stimulation frequency-induced changes in extracellular action potentials of muscle fibres during continuous activ-ity. J Muscle Res Cell Mot 19: 95–103.
- Montgomery BSI, Fry CH (1992): The action potential and net membrane currents in isolated human detrusor smooth muscle cells. J Urol 147: 176–184.
- Morgan KG, Angel F, Schmalz PF, Szurszewski JH (1985): Intracellular electrical activity of muscularis mucosae of the dog stomach. Am J Physiol 249: G256—G263.
- Mostwin JL (1986): The action potential of guinea-pig blad-der smooth muscle. J Urol 135: 1299–1303.
- Mundy AR (1988): Detrusor instability. Br J Urol 62: 393–397.
- Parkington HC (1983): Intracellularly recorded electrical activity of smooth muscle of guinea pig oviduct. Am J Physiol 245: C357—C364.
- Sibley GNA (1984): A comparison of spontaneous and nerve-mediated activity in bladder muscle from man, pig and rabbit J Physiol 354: 431–443.
- Steedman WM (1966): Micro-electrode studies on mam-malian vascular muscle. J Physiol 186: 382–400.
- Tokuno H, Tomita T (1987): Collagenase eliminates the elec-trical responses of smooth muscle to catecholamines. Eur J Pharmaco1141: 131–133.
- Ursillo RC (1961): Electrical activity of the isolated nerve-urinary bladder strip preparation of the rabbit. Am J Phys-iol 201: 408–412.
- Ursillo RC, Clarck BB (1956): The action of atropine on the urinary bladder of the dog an on the isolated nerve-bladder strip preparation of the rabbit J Pharmacol Exp Therap 118: 338–347.