2
Views
85
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Effect of age, sex, genotype and environment on fat deposition in broiler chickens—A review

EFFET DE L'AGE, DU SEXE, DU GENOTYPE ET DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT SUR LES DEPOTS GRAS CHEZ LES POULETS DE CHAIR

EINFLUß VON ALTER, GESCHLECHT, GENOTYPE UND UMWELT AUF DIE FETTABLAGERUNG BEI BROILERN---EINE ÜBERSICHT

EL EFECTO DE EDAD, SEXO, GENOTIPO Y AMBIENTE SOBRE LA DEPOSICIÓN DE LA GRASA EN GALLINAS TIPO BROILER---UNA REVISTA

Pages 12-25 | Published online: 23 Sep 2019

References

  • ARAFA, A. S., BOONE, M. A., JANKY, D. M., WILSON, M. R., MILES, R. D. and HARMS, R. M. (1983). Energy restriction as a means of reducing fat pads in broilers. Poultry Science 62: 314–320.
  • BARBATO, G. F., SIEGEL, P. B., CHERRY, J. A. and NIR, I. (1984). Selection for body weight at eight weeks of age. 17. Overfeeding. Poultry Science 63: 11–18.
  • BARTOV, I., BORNSTEIN, S. and LIPSTEIN, B. (1974). Effect of calory to protein ratio on the degree of fatness in broilers fed on practical diets. British Poultry Science 15: 107–117.
  • BECKER, W. A., SPENCER, J. V., MIROSH, L. W. and VERSTRATE, J. A. (1979). Prediction of fat and fat free live weight in broiler chickens using back-skin fat, abdominal fat and live weight. Poultry Science 58: 835–842.
  • BECKER, W. A., SPENCER, J. V., MIROSH, L. W. and VERSTRATE, J. A. (1981). Abdominal and carcass fat in five broiler strains. Poultry Science 60: 693–697.
  • BECKER, W. A., SPENCER, J. V., MIROSH, L. W. and VERSTRATE, J. A. (1984). Genetic variation of abdominal fat, body weight and carcass weight in a female broiler line. Poultry Science 63: 607–611.
  • BERG, R. T. (1982). Genetic and environmental factors influencing growth of muscle and fat tissue. In: Proceedings 2nd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Madrid, Spain. Vol. V, 245–251.
  • BRODY, S. (1935). Nutrition. Annual Review of Biochemistry 4: 383–412.
  • BRODY, T. B., SIEGEL, P. B. and CHERRY, J. A. (1984). Age, body weight and body composition requirements for the onset of sexual maturity of dwarf and normal chickens. British Poultry Science 25: 245–252.
  • BURGENER, J. A., CHERRY, J. A. and SIEGEL, P. B. (1981). The association between sartorial fat and fat deposition in meat type chickens. Poultry Science 60: 54–62.
  • CHERRY, J. A., SIEGEL, P. B. and BEANE, W. L. (1978). Genetic-nutritional relationships in growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 57: 1482–1487.
  • CHERRY, J. A., SWARTWORTH, W. J. and SIEGEL, P. B. (1984). Adipose cellularity studies in commercial broiler chickens. Poultry Science 63: 97–108.
  • CÖP, W. A. G. (1974). Protein and fat deposition in pigs in relation to body weight gain and feeding level. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, No. 74/18.
  • DEATON, J. W., KUBENA, L. F., CHEN, T. C. and REECE, F. N. (1974). Factors influencing the quantity of abdominal fat in broilers. 2. Cage versus floor rearing. Poultry Science 53: 574–576.
  • DICKERSON, G. E. (1982). Effect of genetic changes in components of growth on biological and economic efficiency of meat production. In: Proceedings 2nd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Madrid, Spain. Vol. V, 252–267.
  • EDWARDS, Jr., H. M., and DENMAN, F. (1975). Carcass composition studies. 2. Influences of breed, sex and diet on gross composition of the carcass and fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue. Poultry Science 54: 1230–1238.
  • EDWARDS, Jr., H. M., DENMAN, F., ABOU-ASHOUR, A. and NUGARA, D. (1973). Carcass composition studies. I. Influences of age, sex and type of dietary fat supplementation on total carcass and fatty acid composition. Poultry Science 52: 934–948.
  • EHINGER, F. and SEEMANN, G. (1982). Einfluss von Futter, Alter und Geschlecht auf Mastleistung und Schlachtköorperqualität von Broilern verschiedener Herkunft. 2. Verfettungsgrad. Archiv fur Geflügelkunde 46: 177–188.
  • EISEN, E. J. (1982). Growth and efficiency. In: Proceedings 2nd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Madrid, Spain. Vol. V, 201–217.
  • ELWINGER, K. (1980). Performance and abdominal and carcass fat in broilers as influenced by strain and diet energy concentration. In: Proceedings 6th European Poultry Conference, Hamburg, Germany. Vol. III, 256–263.
  • ES, A. J. H. VAN (1981). Poultry production in relation to energy utilization and environment. In: World Poultry Production: where and how? pp 39–54. Eds. Scheele, C. W. and Veerkamp, C. H., Beekbergen, The Netherlands.
  • EVANS, A. J. (1977). The growth of fat. In: Growth and Poultry Meat Production pp 29–64. Eds. Boorman, K. N. and Wilson, B. J. British Poultry Science Ltd. Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • EVANS, D. G., GOODWIN, T. L. and ANDREWS, L. D. (1976). Chemical composition, carcass yield and tenderness of broilers as influenced by rearing methods and genetic strains. Poultry Science 55: 748–755.
  • FARRELL, D. J. (1974). Effects of dietary energy concentration on utilisation of energy by broiler chickens and on body composition determined by carcass analysis and predicted using tritium. British Poultry Science 15: 25–41.
  • FISHER, C. (1984). Fat deposition in broilers. In: Fats in animal nutrition. pp 437–470. Proceedings of the 37th Nottingham Easter School. Ed. Wiseman, I., Nottingham, England.
  • FISHER, C. and WILSON, B. J. (1974). Response to dietary energy concentration by growing chickens. In: Energy requirements of poultry. pp 151–184. Eds. Morris, T. R. and Freeman, B. M., British Poultry Science, Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • FRAPS, G. S. (1943). Relation of protein, fat and energy of the ration to the composition of chickens. Poultry Science 22: 421.
  • FREEMAN, C. P. (1983). Fat supplementation in animal production—monogastric animals. In: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 42: 351–359.
  • FRIARS, G. W., LIN, C. Y., PATTERSON, D. L. and IRWIN, L. N. (1983). Genetic and phenotypic parameters of fat deposition and associated traits in broilers. Poultry Science 62: 1425.
  • GILS, L. G. M. VAN, SCHEELE, C. W., JANSSEN, W. M. M. A. and VERSTEGEN, M. W. A. (1977). Factors influencing carcase composition and its estimation from water content. In: Growth and Poultry Meat Production. pp 175–184. Eds. Boorman, K. N. and Wilson, B. J. British Poultry Science Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • GREY, T. C., ROBINSON, D., JONES, J. M., STOCK, S. W. and THOMAS, N. L. (1983). Effect of age and sex on the composition of muscle and skin from a commercial broiler strain. British Poultry Science 24: 219–231.
  • GRIFFIN, H. D. and WHITEHEAD, C. C. (1982). The use of plasma triglyceride as a selection criterion in breeding leaner broilers. 24th British Poultry Breeders Roundtable Conference, Edinburgh (UK).
  • GRIFFIN, H. D., WHITEHEAD, C. C. and BROADBENT, L. A. (1982). The relationship between plasma triglyceride concentrations and body fat content in male and female broilers—a basis for selection? British Poultry Science 23: 15–23.
  • GRIFFITH, L., LEESON, S. and SUMMERS, J. D. (1977). Fat deposition in broilers: effect of dietary energy to protein balance and early life caloric restriction on production performance and abdominal fat pad size. Poultry Science 56: 638–646.
  • GRIFFITH, L., LEESON, S. and SUMMERS, J. D. (1978). Studies on abdominal fat with four commercial strains of male broiler chicken. Poultry Science 57: 1198–1203.
  • GUILLAUME, J. and SUMMERS, J. D. (1970). Maintenance and energy requirements of the rooster and influence of plane of nutrition on metabolizable energy. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 50: 363–369.
  • GYLES, N. R., MAEZA, A. And GOODWIN, T. L. (1982). Regression of abdominal fat in broilers on abdominal fat in spent parents. Poultry Science 61: 1809–1814.
  • GYLES, N. R., MAEZA, A. and GOODWIN, T. L. (1984). Regression of abdominal fat in broilers on abdominal fat in spent parents on severe feed restriction. Poultry Science 63: 1689–1694.
  • HÅKANSSON, J., ERIKSSON, S. and SVENSSON, S. A. (1978). The influence of feed energy level on feed consumption, growth and development of different organs of chickens. Report No. 59. Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Department of Animal Husbandry.
  • HAVE, H. G. M. TEN and SCHEELE, C. W. (1981). A comparison of the effects of different factors on the carcase composition of three broiler strains at two ages. In: Quality of Poultry Meat. pp 386–396. Eds. Mulder, R. W. A. W., Scheele, C. W. and Veerkamp, C. H., Beekbergen, The Netherlands.
  • HAYE, U. and SIMONS, P. C. M. (1978). Twisted legs in broilers. British Poultry Science 19: 549–557.
  • HEATH, J. L., COVEY, R. C. and OWENS, S. L. (1980). Abdominal leaf fat separation as a result of evisceration of broiler carcases. Poultry Science 59: 2456–2461.
  • HOLSHEIMER, J. P. (1975). The effect of changing energy-protein ratios on carcase composition of broilers. In: The quality of poultry meat. pp 45(1)–45(10) Ed. Erdtsieck, B., Oosterbéek, The Netherlands.
  • HOOD, R. L. (1982). The cellular basis for growth of the abdominal fat pad in broiler type chickens. Poultry Science 61: 117–121.
  • HOOD, R. L. (1984). Cellular and biochemical aspects of fat deposition in broiler type chicken. World's Poultry Science Journal 40: 160–169.
  • HOOD, R. L. and PYM, R. A. E. (1982). Correlated responses for lipogenesis and adipose tissue cellularity in chickens selected for body weight gain, food consumption and food conversion efficiency. Poultry Science 61: 122–127.
  • JACKSON, S., SUMMERS, J. D. and LEESON, S. (1982). Effect of dietary protein and energy on broiler carcase composition and efficiency of nutrient utilization. Poultry Science 61: 2224–2231.
  • JENSEN, L. S., MERRILL, L. H., REDDY, C. V. and McGINNIS, J. (1962). Observations on eating patterns and rate of food passage of birds fed pelleted and unpelleted diets. Poultry Science 41: 1414–1419.
  • KIRCHGESSNER, M., ROTH-MAIER, D. A. and GERUM, J. (1978). Körperzusammensetzung und Nährstoffansatz 3–5 Wochen alter Broiler bei unterschiedlicher Energie- und Eiweissversorgung. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 42: 62–69.
  • KUBENA, L. F., DEATON, J. W., CHEN, T. C. and REECE, F. N. (1974). Factors influencing the quantity of abdominal fat in broilers. 1. Rearing temperature, sex, age or weight and dietary choline chloride and inositol supplementation. Poultry Science 53: 211–214.
  • KUBENA, L. F., LOTT, B. D., DEATON, J. W., REECE, F. N. and MAY, J. D. (1972). Body composition of chicks as influenced by environmental temperature and selected dietary factors. Poultry Science 51: 517–522.
  • LECLERCQ, B. (1983). The influence of dietary protein content on the performance of genetically lean or fat growing chickens. British Poultry Science 24: 581–587.
  • LECLERCQ, B., BLUM, J. C. and BOYER, J. P. (1980). Selecting broiler for low or high abdominal fat: initial observations. British Poultry Science 21: 107–113.
  • LECLERCQ, B. and SAADOUN, A. (1982). Selecting broilers for low or high abdominal fat: comparison of energy metabolism of the lean and fat lines. Poultry Science 61: 1799–1803.
  • LEENSTRA, F. R. (1982). Genetic aspects of fat deposition and feed efficiency. 24th British Poultry Breeders Roundtable Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • LEENSTRA, F. R. (1984). Influence of diet and genotype on carcass quality in poultry and their consequences for selection. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. pp 3–16. Eds. Haresign, W. and Cole, D. J. A., Butterworth, London, England.
  • LEVEILLE, G. A., ROMSOS, D. R., YEH, Y. Y. and O'HEA, E. K. (1975). Lipid biosynthesis in the chick. A consideration of site of synthesis, influence of diet and possible regulatory mechanisms. Poultry Science 54: 1075–1093.
  • LILBURN, M. S., LEACH, Jr. R. M., BUSS, E. G. and MARTIN, R. J. (1982). The developmental characteristics of two strains of chickens selected for differences in mature abdominal fat pad size. Growth 46: 171–181.
  • LIN, C. Y. (1981). Relationship between increased body weight and fat deposition in broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal 37: 106–110.
  • LIN, C. Y., FRIARS, G. W. and MORAN, E. T. (1980). Genetic and environmental aspects of obesity in broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal 36: 103–111.
  • LIPSTEIN, B., BORNSTEIN, S. and BARTOV, I. (1975). The replacement of some of the soybean meal by the first limiting amino-acids in practical broiler diets. 3. Effects of protein concentrations and amino acid supplementations in broiler finisher diets on fat deposition in the carcass. British Poultry Science 16: 627–635.
  • LOHMAN, T. G. (1973). Biological variation in body composition. Journal of Animal Science 32: 647–653.
  • MABRAY, C. J. and WALDROUP, P. W. (1981). The influence of dietary energy and amino acid levels on abdominal fat pad development of the broiler chicken. Poultry Science 60: 151–159.
  • MARCH, B. E. (1984). Plasma triglyceride and glucose clearance in broiler-type and White Leghorn chickens with different degrees of adiposity. Poultry Science 63: 1586–1593.
  • MARCH, B. E. and HANSEN, G. (1977). Lipid accumulation and cell multiplication in adipose bodies in White Leghorn and broiler-type chicks. Poultry Science 56: 886–894.
  • MARCH, B. E., MacMILLAN, C. and CHU, S. (1984). Characteristics of adipose tissue growth in broiler-type chickens to 22 weeks of age and the effects of dietary protein and lipid. Poultry Science 63: 2207–2216.
  • MARKS, H. L. and PESTI, G. M. (1984). The roles of protein level and diet form in water consumption and abdominal fat deposition of broilers. Poultry Science 63: 1617–1625.
  • MARKS, H. L. and WASHBURN, K. W. (1983). The relationship of altered water/feed intake ratios on growth and abdominal fat in commercial broilers. Poultry Science 62: 263–272.
  • McCARTHY, J. C. and SIEGEL, P. B. (1983). A review of genetical and physiological effects on selection in meat-type poultry. Animal Breeding Abstracts 51: 87–94.
  • McLEOD, J. A. (1982). Nutritional factors influencing carcass fat in broilers Zootechnica International 7: 60–64.
  • MIDDELKOOP, J. H. VAN, KUIT, A. R. and ZEGWAARD, A. (1977). Genetic factors in broiler fat deposition. In: Growth and Poultry Meat Production. pp 131–143. Eds. Boorman, K. N. and Wilson, B. J. British Poultry Science Ltd., Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • NEUPERT, B. and HARTFIEL, W. (1978). Untersuchungen zur Mastleistung und Schlachtkörperzusammensetzung von Broilern in Abhängigkeit von Herkunft und Futterzusammensetzung. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 42: 150–158.
  • NIR, I. and LIN, H. (1982). The skeleton, an important site of lipogenesis in the chick. Annales of Nutrition and Metabolism 26: 100–105.
  • PESTI, G. M., WHITING, T. S. and JENSEN, L. S. (1983). The effect of crumbling on the relationship between dietary density and chick growth, feed efficiency and abdominal fat pad weights. Poultry Science 62: 490–494.
  • PFAFF, F. E. and AUSTIC, R. E. (1976). Influence of diet on development of the abdominal fat pad in the pullet. Journal of Nutrition 106: 443–450.
  • PLUCINSKI, T. M., BRUNER, R. K., LEATHERWOOD, J. M. and EISEN, E. J. (1984). Effects of feeding pattern and dietary regimen on growth and adipose tissue cellularity in polygenic obese mice. Journal of Animal Science 59: 350–360.
  • PULLAR, J. D. and WEBSTER, A. J. F. (1977). The energy cost of feed and protein deposition in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 37: 355–363.
  • PYM, R. A. E. and SOLVYNS, A. J. (1979). Selection for food conversion in broilers: Body composition of birds selected for increased body-weight gain, food consumption and food conversion ratio. British Poultry Science 20: 87–97.
  • RICARD, F. H. (1975). Facteurs génétique influenfant la qualité des carcasses du poulet. In: The quality of poultry meat. pp 4(1)–4(16). Proceedings of the 2nd European Symposium on Poultry Meat Quality. Ed. Erdtsieck, B., Oosterbeek, The Netherlands.
  • RICARD, F. H. (1977). Influence de l'age et du patrimoine génétique sur l'état d'engraissement du poulet. In: La composition corporelle des volailles, Séance de travail, October 1977, pp 79–86. INRA, France.
  • RICARD, F. H. (1983). Mesure de l'état d'engraissement chez le poulet. Variabilité d'origine biologique. In: The quality of poultry meat. pp 49–68. Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Poultry Meat Quality. Eds. Lahellec, C.:, Ricard, F. H. and Colin, P. Ploufrgan, France.
  • RICARD, F. H., LECLERCQ, B. and MARCHÉ, G. (1982). Rendement en viande de poulets de deux lignées sélectionnées sur l'état d'engraissement. Annales Génétiques et Sélection Animales 14: 551–556.
  • RICARD, F. H., LECLERCQ, B. and TOURAILLE, C. (1983). Selecting broilers for low or high abdominal fat: distribution of carcase fat and quality of meat. British Poultry Science 24: 511–516.
  • RICARD, F. H. and ROUVIER, R. (1967). Etude de la composition anatomique du poulet. I. Variabilité de la répartition des différenties parties corporelles chez des coquelets Bresse-Pile. Annales Zootechniques 16: 23–39.
  • RICARD, F. H. and ROUVIER, R. (1969). Etude de la composition anatomique du poulet. IV. Variabilité de la répartition des parties corporelles dans une souche de type Cornish. Annales Génétiques et Sélection Animales 1: 151–165.
  • SCHEELE, C. W., SCHAGEN, P. J. W. VAN. and HAVE, H. G. M. TEN (1981). Abdominal and total fat content of three broiler strains at two ages affected by nutritional factors. In: Quality of Poultry Meat. pp 397–407. Eds. Mulder, R. W. A. W., Scheele, C. W. and Veerkamp, C. H., Beekbergen, The Netherlands.
  • SHAPIRA, N., NIR, I. and BUDOWSKY, P. (1978). Response of lipogenic enzymes to over-feeding in liver and adipose tissue of light and heavy breeds of chicks. British Journal of Nutrition 39: 151–157.
  • SIMON, J. and LECLERCQ, B. (1982). Longitudinal study of adiposity in chickens selected for high or low abdominal fat content: further evidence of a glucose-insulin inbalance in the fat line. Journal of Nutrition 112: 1961–1973.
  • SUMMERS, J. D. and LEESON, S. (1979). Composition of poultry meat as affected by nutritional factors. Poultry Science 58: 536–542.
  • TAYLOR, C. S. (1982). Theory of growth and feed efficiency in relation to maturity in body weight. In: Proceedings 2nd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. Vol. V, pp 218–230, Madrid, Spain.
  • TESS, M. W., BENNETT, G. L. and DICKERSON, G. E. (1983). Simulation of genetic changes in life cycle efficiency of pork production. 1. A bio-economic model. Journal of Animal Science 56: 336–353.
  • THOMAS, C. H., GLAZENER, E. W. and BLOM, W. L. (1958). The relationship between feed conversion and ether extracts of broilers. Poultry Science 37: 1177–1179.
  • TWINING, Jr. P. V., THOMAS, O. P. and BOSSARD, E. H. (1978). Effect of diet and type of birds on the carcase composition of broilers at 28, 49 and 59 days of age. Poultry Science 57: 492–497.
  • WALSTRA, P. (1980). Growth and carcase composition from birth to maturity in relation to feeding level and sex in Dutch landrace pigs. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, The Netherlands, No. 80/4.
  • WASHBURN, K. W., GUILL, R. A. and EDWARDS, Jr. H. M. (1975). Influence of genetic differences in feed efficiency on carcase composition of young chickens. Journal of Nutrition 105: 1311–1317.
  • YOSHIDA, M. and MORIMOTO, H. (1970). Interrelationship between dietary protein level and carcase composition of chicks. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34: 414–422.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.