Nutritional interventions in alleviating the effects of high temperatures in broiler production

References

• BACON, W.L., CANTOR, A.H. and COLEMAN, M.A. (1981) Effect of dietary energy environment and sex of market broilers on lipoprotein composition. Poultry Science 60: 1282–1286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASILIO, V. DE, VILARIÑO, M., YAHAV, S. and PICARD, M. (2001) Early age thermal conditioning and a dual feeding program for male broilers challenged by heat stress. Poultry Science 80: 29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOULAHSEN, A.A., GARLICH, J.D. and EDENS, F.W. (1993) Calcium deficiency and food deprivation improve the response of chickens to acute heat stress. Journal of Nutrition 123: 98–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAY, D.J. and GESELL, J.A. (1961) Studies with corn-soya laying diets. 4. Environmental temperature-a factor affecting performance of pullets fed diets suboptimal in protein. Poultry Science 40: 1328–1335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAMBERS, J.R. and GAVORA, J.S. (1982) Genetic parameters of broiler traits in synthetic parent populations. Poultry Science 61: 1434–1435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHANG, S.P., SOON, K.K. and TAE, H.M. (1983) Studies on the effect of feeding pelleted diets on energy metabolism and nitrogen retention in growing chickens. Research Reports of Agricultural Science Technology 10: 206–211.
   Google Scholar
• CLARK, J.A., CHARLES, D.R., WATHES, C.M. and ARROW, J. (1975) Heat transfer from housed poultry, its implications for environmental control. World's Poultry Science Journal 31: 312.
   Google Scholar
• COWAN, P.J. and MICHIE, W. (1978) Environmental temperature and broiler performance: the use of diets containing increased amounts of protein. British Poultry Science 19: 601–605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAGHIR, N.J. (1995) Poultry production in hot climates (Wallingford, CAB International).
   Google Scholar
• DALE, N.M. and FULLER, H.L. (1979) Effect of diet composition on feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress. Poultry Science 59: 1434–1441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DALE, N.M. and FULLER, H.L. (1980) Effect of diet composition on feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress. Poultry Science 59: 1434–1441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMMANS, G.C. (1981) A model of the growth and feed intake of ad libitum fed animals, particularly poultry, in: G. M. Hillyer, WHITTEMORE, C.T. & GUNN, R.G. (Eds), Computers in Animal Production, pp 103–110, Animal Production, Occasional Publication No 5. (BSAP, London).
   Google Scholar
• EMMANS, G.C. (1994) Effective energy: a concept of energy utilization applied across species. British Journal of Nutrition 71: 801–821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMMANS, G.C. and FISHER, C. (1986) Problems in nutritional theory, in: C. Fisher & K.N. Boorman (Eds) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry and Nutritional Research, pp 9–39, (London, Butterworths).
   Google Scholar
• FISHER, C. (1984) Fat deposition in broilers, in: Wiseman, J. (Ed) Fats in Animal Nutrition, pp 437–470, (Butterworths, London).
   Google Scholar
• FISHER, C. and WILSON, B.J. (1974) Response to dietary energy concentration by growing chickens, in: Morris, T.R. & Freeman, B.M. (Eds) Energy Requirements of Poultry, pp 151–184, (Edinburgh, British Poultry Science Ltd).
   Google Scholar
• FRANCIS, C.A., MACLEOD, M.G. and ANDERSON, J.E.M. (1991) Alleviation of acute heat stress by food withdrawal or darkness. British Poultry Science 32: 219–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FREEMAN, B.M. (1966) Physiological responses of the adult fowl to environmental temperature. World's Poultry Science Journal 22: 140–145.
   Google Scholar
• GOUS, R.M., EMMANS, G.C., BROADBENT, L.A. and FISHER, C. (1990) Nutritional effects on the growth and fatness of broilers. British Poultry Science 31: 495–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GORMAN, I. and BALNAVE, D. (1994) Effects of dietary mineral supplementation on the performance and mineral retentions of broiler at high ambient temperatures. British Poultry Science 35: 563–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAN, Y. and BAKER, D.H. (1991) Lysine requirements of fast- and slow-growing broiler chicks. Poultry Science 70: 2108–2114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIRAMOTO, K., SATOH, K. and YANO, Y. (1995) Effect of diurnal fasting on broiler performance reared under summer condition. Japanese Poultry Science 32: 169–176.
   Google Scholar
• HOWLIDER, M.A.R. and ROSE, S.P. (1987) Temperature and the growth of broilers. World's Poultry Science Journal 43: 228–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JENSEN, L.S., MERRILL, L.H., REDDY, C.V. and MCGINNIS, J. (1962) Observations on eating patterns and rate of food passage of birds fed pelleted and unpelleted diets. Poultry Science 41: 1414–1419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHNSON, R.J. and KARUNAJEEWA, H. (1985) The effects of dietary minerals and electrolytes on the growth and physiology of the young chick. Journal of Nutrition 115: 1680–1690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUTLU, H.R. and FORBES, J.M. (1993) Self-selection of ascorbic acid in coloured feeds by heat-stressed broiler chicks. Physiology and Behaviour 53: 103–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARSDEN, A., MORRIS, T.R. and CROMARTY, A.S. (1987) Effects of constant environmental temperatures on the performance of laying hens. British Poultry Science 28: 361–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACLEOD, M.G. (1997) Effects of amino acid balance and energy:protein ratio on energy and nitrogen metabolism in male broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 38: 405–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCKINNEY, L.J. and TEETER, R.G. (2003) Caloric value of pelleting and the consequential creation of nutritional dead zones. Poultry Science 82 (Supplement 1): 109.
   Google Scholar
• MCNAUGHTON, J.L. and REECE, F.N. (1984) Response of broiler chickens to dietary energy and lysine levels in a warm environment. Poultry Science 63: 1170–1174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MELTZER, A. (1983) Thermoneutral zone and resting metabolic rate of broilers. British Poultry Science 24: 471–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MICKLEBERRY, W.C., ROGLER, J.C. and STADELMAN, W.J. (1966) The influence of dietary fat and environmental temperature upon chick growth and carcass composition. Poultry Science 45: 313–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MONGIN, P. and SAUVEUR, B. (1977) Interrelationships between mineral nutrition, acid-base balance, growth and cartilage abnormalities, in: Boorman, K.N. & Wilson, B.J. (Eds) Growth and Poultry Meat Production, pp 235–247 (Edinburgh, British Poultry Science Ltd).
   Google Scholar
• MORRIS, T.R. and NJURU, D.M. (1990) Protein requirements of fast– and slow-growing chicks. British Poultry Science 31: 803–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NESHEIM, M.C., LEACH, R.M., ZEIGLER, T.R. and SERAFIN, J.A. (1964) Interrelationships between dietary levels of sodium, chloride and potassium. Journal of Nutrition 84: 361–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PATIENCE, J.F., AUSTIC, R.E. and BOYD, R.D. (1987) Acid-base homeostasis in swine: nutritional perspective. Feedstuffs 6 July, pp. 13–18.
   Google Scholar
• PATTEN, J.W., BUSKIRK, H.H. and RAULS, L.A. (1937) A study of the relative merits of pellets and mash poultry feeds. Veterinary Medicine 32: 423–427.
   Google Scholar
• REECE, F.N. and MCNAUGHTON, J.L. (1982) Effect of dietary nutrient density on broiler performance at low moderate environmental temperatures. Poultry Science 61: 2208–2211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDS, S.A. (1976) Evaporative water loss in domestic fowls and its partition in relation to ambient temperature. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) 87: 527–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAHIN, K., SAHIN, N., SARI, M. and GURSU, M.F. (2002) Effects of vitamins E and A supplementation on lipid peroxidation and concentration of some mineral in broilers reared under heat stress (32°C). Nutrition Research 22: 723–731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAHIN, K., SAHIN, N. and KUCUK, O. (2003) Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32 deg C). Nutrition Research 23: 225–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINURAT, A.P. and BALNAVE, D. (1985) Effect of dietary amino acids and metabolisable energy on the performance of broilers kept at high temperatures. British Poultry Science 26: 117–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMITH, M.O. and TEETER, R.G. (1988) Effects of potassium chloride and fasting on broiler performance during summer. Animal Science Research Report, Agricultural Experimental Station, Oklahoma State University. MP-125, 255–258.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH, M.O. and TEETER, R.G. (1989) Effects of sodium and potassium salts on gain, water consumption, and body temperature of 4 to 7 week-old heat stressed broilers. Nutrition Reports International 40: 161–169.
   Google Scholar
• SYKES, A.H. (1982) Heat acclimatisation of poultry in the Sudan. Veterinary Record 110: 130–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SYKES, A.H. (1983) Heat stress and acclimatisation. In: Proceedings of the Poultry Husbandry Research Foundation, University of Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• TEETER, R.G., SMITH, M.O., OWENS, F.N., ARP, S.C., SANGIAH, S. and BREAZILE, J.E. (1985) Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis: occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 64: 1060–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEETER, R.G., SMITH, M.O. and MITTELSTADT, C.W. (1987) Effect of drinking water temperature and salt addition on body temperature and growth rate of broilers exposed to cycling temperature stress. Poultry Science 66 (Supplement 1): 185.
   Google Scholar
• VAN KAMPEN, M. (1974) Physical factors affecting energy expenditure. In: Energy Requirements of Poultry, pp 47–49. (Morris, T.R. and Freeman, B.M. Eds.) British Poultry Science.
   Google Scholar
• VO, K.V., BOONE, M.A. and JOHNSTONE, W.E. (1978) Effect of three lifetime ambient temperatures on growth, feed and water consumption and various blood components in male and female Leghorn chickens. Poultry Science 57: 798–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WALDROUP, P.W., MITCHELL, R.J., PAYNE, J.R. and HAZEN, K.R. (1976) Performance of chicks fed diets formulated to minimize excess levels of essential amino acids. Poultry Science 55: 243–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHITEHEAD, C.C. and KELLER, T. (2003) An update on ascorbic acid in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 59: 161–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAHAV, S. (2000) Domestic fowl – Strategies to confront environmental conditions. Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews 11: 81–95.
   Google Scholar
• YAHAV, S. and MCMURTRY, J.P. (2002) Thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life – the effect of timing and ambient temperature. Poultry Science 80: 1662–1666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHANG, M., WANG, D., DU, R., ZHANG, W., ZHOU, S. and XIE, B. (2002) Effects of dietary chromium levels on performance and serum traits of broilers under heat stress. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica 14: 54.
   Google Scholar