REFERENCES
- Ito S, Endo A, Okada T, Nakamura T, Adachi T, Sugamori T, Takahashi N, Yoshitomi H, Tanabe K. Myocardial Calcification with a Latent Risk of Congestive Heart Failure in a Patient with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Intern Med 2015; 54: 1627–31.
- Rossi MA, Santos CS. Sepsis-related microvascular myocardial damage with giant cell inflammation and calcification. Virchows Archiv 2003; 443: 87–92.
- Lapatto-Reiniluoto O, Vaalamo M, Takkunen O, Mänttäri M. Left ventricular calcification following resuscitation. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 85–7.
- Sinicina I, Matevossian E, Fischer F, Mall G, Graw M. The petrified heart in sepsis. Virchows Archiv 2005; 447: 875–8.
- van Kruijsdijk RC, van der Heijden JJ, Uijlings R, Otterspoor LC. Sepsis-related myocardial calcification. Circ Heart Fail 2011; 4: e16–8.
- Katz LA, Swain JA, Portman MA, Balaban RS. Intracellular pH and inorganic phosphate content of heart in vivo: a 31P-NMR study. Am J Physiol 1988; 255: H189–96.
- Nance JW Jr, Crane GM, Halushka MK, Fishman EK, Zimmerman SL. Myocardial calcifications: pathophysiology, etiologies, differential diagnoses, and imaging findings. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2015; 9: 58–67.
- Barson WJ, Craenen J, Hosier DM, Brawley RL, Hilty MD. Survival following myocarditis and myocardial calcification associated with infection by Coxsackie virus B- 4. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 79–81.
- Al Senaidi K, Lacson A, Rebeyka IM, Mackie AS. Echocardiographic detection of early myocardial calcification in acute neonatal myocarditis due to Coxsackie virus type B. Pediatr Cardiol 2009; 30: 862–3.
- Itoh E, Saitoh H, Miida T, Oda H, Toeda T, Higuma N, Okazaki E. An autopsied case of acute myocarditis with myocardial calcification. Jpn Circ J 1997; 61: 798–802.
- McClure J, Pieterse AS, Pounder DJ, Smith PS. Myocardial fibre calcification. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34: 1167–74.
- Milliner DS, Zinsmeister AR, Lieberman E, Landing B. Soft tissue calcification in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 931–6.
- Sato R, Nasu M. A review of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. J Intensive Care 2015; 11: 48.
- Parker MM, Shelhamer JH, Bacharach SL, Green MV, Natanson C, Frederick TM, Damske BA, Parrillo JE. Profound but reversible myocardial depression in patients with septic shock. Ann Intern Med 1984; 100: 483–90.
- Guest TM, Ramanathan AV, Tuteur PG, Schechtman KB, Ladenson JH, Jaffe AS. Myocardial injury in critically ill patients. A frequently unrecognized complication. JAMA 1995; 273: 1945–9.
- Romero-Bermejo FJ, Ruiz-Bailen M, Gil-Cebrian J, Huertos-Ranchal MJ. Sepsisinduced cardiomyopathy. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 7: 163–83.
- Cowan DB, Noria S, Stamm C, Garcia LM, Poutias DN, del Nido PJ, McGowan FX Jr. Lipopolysaccharide internalization activates endotoxin-dependent signal transduction in cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2001; 88: 491–8.
- Wong ML, O’Kirwan F, Khan N, Hannestad J, Wu KH, Elashoff D, Lawson G, Gold PW, McCann SM, Licinio J. Identification, characterization, and gene expression profiling of endotoxin-induced myocarditis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 14241–6.
- Bateman RM, Walley KR. Microvascular resuscitation as a therapeutic goal in severe sepsis. Crit Care 2005; 9: S27–S32.
- Rudiger A, Singer M. Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1599–608.
- Larche J, Lancel S, Hassoun SM, Favory R, Decoster B, Marchetti P, Chopin C, Neviere R. Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevents sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 377–85.
- Smeding L, Plötz FB, Groeneveld AB, Kneyber MC. Structural changes of the heart during severe sepsis or septic shock. Shock 2012; 37: 449–56.
- Fernandes Júnior CJ, Iervolino M, Neves RA, Sampaio EL, Knobel E. Interstitial myocarditis in sepsis. Am J Cardiol 1994; 74: 958.
- Rossi MA, Celes MR, Prado CM, Saggioro FP. Myocardial structural changes in long-term human severe sepsis/septic shock may be responsible for cardiac dysfunction. Shock 2007; 27: 10–8.
- Zang Q, Maass DL, Tsai SJ, Horton JW. Cardiac mitochondrial damage and inflammation responses in sepsis. Surgic Infect (Larchmt) 2007; 8: 41–54.
- Yao X, Carlson D, Sun Y, Ma L, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Zang QS. Mitochondrial ROS Induces Cardiac Inflammation via a Pathway through mtDNA Damage in a Pneumonia-Related Sepsis Model. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0139416.
- Eiserich JP, Patel RP, O’Donnell VB. Pathophysiology of nitric oxide and related species: free radical reactions and modification of biomolecules. Mol Aspects Med 1998; 19: 221–357.
- MacMicking J, Xie QW, Nathan C. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol 1997; 15: 323–50.
- Thoenes M, Förstermann U, Tracey WR, Bleese NM, Nüssler AK, Scholz H, Stein B. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in failing and non-failing human heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1996; 28: 165–9.
- Schellhammer F, Ansén S, Arnold G, Brochhagen HG, Lackner K. Myocardial calcification following septic shock. Cardiology 2002; 98: 102–3.
- Dünser MW, Hasibeder WR. Sympathetic overstimulation during critical illness: adverse effects of adrenergic stress. J Intensive Care Med 2009; 24: 293–316.
- Schmittinger CA, Torgersen C, Luckner G, Schröder DC, Lorenz I, Dünser MW. Adverse cardiac events during catecholamine vasopressor therapy: a prospective observational study. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38: 950–8.
- Bessière F, Khenifer S, Dubourg J, Durieu I, Lega JC. Prognostic value of troponins in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39: 1181–9.
- Gore I, Arons W. Calcification of the myocardium; a pathologic study of 13 cases. Arch Pathol (Chic) 1949; 48: 1–12.
- Ivandic BT, Qiao JH, Machleder D, Liao F, Drake TA, Lusis AJ. A locus on chromosome 7 determines myocardial cell necrosis and calcification (dystrophic cardiac calcinosis) in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 5483–8.
- Simonson S, Miller WT Jr, Perl A, Torigian DA. Diffuse left ventricular myocardial calcification in the setting of sepsis on CT imaging. J Thorac Imaging 2007; 22: 343–5.
- Austin CO, Kramer D, Canabal J, Krishna M, Mergo P, Shapiro BP. A heart of stone: a case of acute development of cardiac calcification and hemodynamic collapse. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2013; 7: 66–8.
- Akbas¸ T, O¨zen M, Adıgu¨zel C, Çims¸it NÇ, Karakurt S. Cardiac Calcification Following Severe Sepsis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Anesth Clin Res 2014; 5: 1–3.