References
- Mendis S, Puska PN. Global Atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
- Eckart RE, Shry EA, Burke AP, et al. Sudden death in young adults: an autopsy-based series of a population undergoing active surveillance. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(12):1254–1261.
- Macfarlane PW, Antzelevitch C, Haissaguerre M, et al. The early repolarization pattern: a consensus paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(4):470–477.
- Haïssaguerre M, Derval N, Sacher F, et al. Sudden cardiac arrest associated with early repolarization. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):2016–2023.
- Nam G-B, Kim Y-H, Antzelevitch C. Augmentation of J waves and electrical storms in patients with early repolarization. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):2078–2079.
- Miyazaki S, Shah AJ, Haïssaguerre M. Early repolarization syndrome – a new electrical disorder associated with sudden cardiac death –. Circ J. 2010;74(10):2039–2044.
- Klatsky AL, Oehm R, Cooper RA, et al. The early repolarization normal variant electrocardiogram: correlates and consequences. Am J Med. 2003;115(3):171–177.
- Rollin A, Maury P, Bongard V, et al. Prevalence, prognosis, and identification of the malignant form of early repolarization pattern in a population-based study. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(9):1302–1308.
- Rubinstein AL, Irazola VE, Calandrelli M, et al. Multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in the Southern Cone of Latin America: a population-based study in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Int J Cardiol. 2015;183:82–88.
- Rubinstein AL, Irazola VE, Poggio R, et al. Detection and follow-up of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the Southern Cone of Latin America: the CESCAS I study. BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):e000126.
- Pérez-Riera AR, Abreu LC, De Yanowitz F, et al. Benign” early repolarization versus malignant early abnormalities: clinical-electrocardiographic distinction and genetic basis. Cardiol J. 2012;19(4):337–346.
- Tikkanen JT, Junttila MJ, Anttonen O, et al. Early repolarization: electrocardiographic phenotypes associated with favorable long-term outcome. Circulation. 2011;123(23):2666–2673.
- Rosso R, Glikson E, Belhassen B, et al. Distinguishing ‘benign’ from ‘malignant early repolarization’: the value of the ST-segment morphology. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9(2):225–229.
- Antzelevitch C, Yan G-X, Ackerman MJ, et al. J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(10):e295–324.
- Cristoforetti Y, Biasco L, Giustetto C, et al. J-wave duration and slope as potential tools to discriminate between benign and malignant early repolarization. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(3):806–811.
- Luo S, Michler K, Johnston P, et al. A comparison of commonly used QT correction formulae: the effect of heart rate on the QTc of normal ECGs. In J Electrocardiol. 2004;37:81–90.
- January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2245–2280.
- Censo. INDEC., Buenos Aires: National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina; 2010 [accessed 2019 sep 5]. Available from: https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-2-41-135.
- Noseworthy PA, Tikkanen JT, Porthan K, et al. The early repolarization pattern in the general population: clinical correlates and heritability. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(22):2284–2289.
- Pham TV, Rosen MR. Sex, hormones, and repolarization. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53(3):740–751.
- Vicente J, Johannesen L, Galeotti L, et al. Mechanisms of sex and age differences in ventricular repolarization in humans. Am Heart J. 2014;168(5):749–756.
- Bidoggia H, Maciel JP, Capalozza N, et al. Sex differences on the electrocardiographic pattern of cardiac repolarization: possible role of testosterone. Am Heart J. 2000;140(4):678–683.
- Sun GZ, Ye N, Chen YT, et al. Early repolarization pattern in the general population: prevalence and associated factors. Int J Cardiol. 2017;230:614–618.
- Vinsonneau U, Pinon B, Paleiron N, et al. Prevalence of early repolarization patterns in a French military population at low cardiovascular risk: implications for preventive medicine. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013;18(5):436–440.
- Tikkanen JT, Anttonen O, Junttila MJ, et al. Long-term outcome associated with early repolarization on electrocardiography. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(26):2529–2537.
- Sinner MF, Wichmann H-E, Kääb S, et al. Association of early repolarization pattern on ECG with risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study (MONICA/KORA). PLoS Med. 2010;7(7):e1000314.
- Olson KA, Viera AJ, Soliman EZ, et al. Long-term prognosis associated with J-point elevation in a large middle-aged biracial cohort: the ARIC study. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(24):3098–3106.
- Walsh JA, Ilkhanoff L, Soliman EZ, et al. Natural history of the early repolarization pattern in a biracial cohort: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(8):863–869.
- Bai CX, Kurokawa J, Tamagawa M, et al. Nontranscriptional regulation of cardiac repolarization currents by testosterone. Circulation. 2005;112(12):1701–1710.
- Gaborit N, Varro A, Le Bouter S, et al. Gender-related differences in ion-channel and transporter subunit expression in non-diseased human hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010;49(4):639–646.
- Kurokawa J, Furukawa T. Non-genomic action of sex steroid hormones and cardiac repolarization. Biol Pharm Bull. 2013;36(1):8–12.
- Junttila MJ, Tikkanen JT, Porthan K, et al. Relationship between testosterone level and early repolarization on 12-lead electrocardiograms in men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(17):1633–1634.
- Ayaz O, Howlett SE, Roger V, et al. Testosterone modulates cardiac contraction and calcium homeostasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ. 2015;6(1):9.
- Heng SJ, Clark EN, MacFarlane PW. End QRS notching or slurring in the electrocardiogram: influence on the definition of “early repolarization”. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(10):947–948.
- Kim SH, Kim DY, Kim H, et al. Early repolarization with horizontal ST segment may be associated with aborted sudden cardiac arrest: a retrospective case control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12(1):122.
- Zumoff B. Hormonal abnormalities in obesity. Acta Med Scand. 2009;222(S723):153–160.
- Blouin K, Veilleux A, Luu-The V, et al. Androgen metabolism in adipose tissue: recent advances. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;301(1–2):97–103.
- René BB, Eugenio AU, Manuel MG. El tejido graso como modulador endocrino: cambios hormonales asociados a la obesidad. Rev Med Chil. 2010;138:1294–1301.
- Makarawate P, Chaosuwannakit N, Ruamcharoen Y, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of early repolarization pattern in healthy young northeastern Thai men: a correlation study with Brugada electrocardiography. J Arrhythmia. 2015;31(4):215–220.
- Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Baseline characteristics in relation to electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) in hypertension study. Hypertension. 2000;36(5):766–773.