346
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Whipping boys: South Africa’s limited reform of judicial corporal punishment in the 1960s and 1970s

Pages 354-377 | Received 13 Jun 2016, Accepted 26 Aug 2016, Published online: 18 Apr 2018

References

  • Anderson, D. 2011. ‘Punishment, race and “the raw native”: Settler society and Kenya’s flogging scandals, 1895–1930’. Journal of Southern African Studies 37(3): 479–97. doi: 10.1080/03057070.2011.602887
  • Blackburn, D. 1991 [1908]. Leaven: A Black and White Story. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.
  • Botha Commission. 1971. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Criminal Procedure and Evidence. Pretoria: Government Printer. RP 78/1971.
  • Bozzoli, B. 1983. ‘Marxism, feminism and Southern African studies’. Journal of Southern African Studies 9(2): 139–71. doi: 10.1080/03057078308708055
  • Carton, B. 2000. Blood from Your Children: The Colonial Origins of Generational Conflict in South Africa. Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press.
  • Dubow, S. 2015. ‘Were there political alternatives in the wake of the Sharpeville-Langa violence in South Africa, 1960?’ Journal of African History 56(1): 119–42. doi: 10.1017/S0021853714000644
  • Dugard, J. 1978. Human Rights and the South African Legal Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Du Pisani, K. 2012. ‘Shifting sexual morality? Changing views on homosexuality in Afrikaner society during the 1960s’. Historia 57(2): 182–221.
  • Foucault, M. 1995 [1977]. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Fourchard, L. 2011. ‘The limits of penal reform: Punishing children and young offenders in South Africa and Nigeria (1930s to 1960)’. Journal of Southern African Studies 37(3): 517–34. doi: 10.1080/03057070.2011.602891
  • Glaser, C. 2005. ‘Whistles and sjamboks: Crime and policing in Soweto, 1960–1976’. South African Historical Journal 52: 119–39. doi: 10.1080/02582470509464867
  • Guy, J. 2013. Theophilus Shepstone and the Forging of Natal: African Autonomy and Settler Colonialism in the Making of Traditional Authority. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
  • Hindson, D. 1987. Pass Controls and the Urban Proletariat in South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.
  • Hunter, M. 2010. Love in the Time of AIDS: Inequality, Gender and Rights in South Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Jones, D.C. 2015. ‘Wielding the Epokolo: Corporal punishment and traditional authority in colonial Ovamboland’. Journal of African History 56(2): 301–20. doi: 10.1017/S0021853715000018
  • Kahn, E. 1960. ‘Crime and punishment, 1910–1960’. Acta Juridica (Special Issue): 207–9.
  • Killingray, D. 1994. ‘The “rod of empire”: The debate over corporal punishment in the British African colonial forces, 1888–1946’. Journal of African History 35(2): 201–16. doi: 10.1017/S0021853700026396
  • Landsdown Commission. 1947. Report of Penal and Prison Reform Commission. Pretoria: Government Printer. UG 47–’47.
  • Mandela, N. 1953. ‘No easy walk to freedom’. Presidential address by Nelson R. Mandela to the ANC (Transvaal) Congress, 21 September < http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/no-easy-walk-freedom-presidential-address-nelson-r-mandela-anc-transvaal-congress-21-septemb> (accessed 10 June 2016).
  • Mason, J.E. 1990. ‘Hendrik Albertus and his ex-slave Mey: A drama in three acts’. Journal of African History 31(3): 423–45. doi: 10.1017/S0021853700031169
  • Mbenga, B.K. 1997. ‘Forced labour in the Pilanesberg: The flogging of Chief Kgamanyane by Commandant Paul Kruger, Saulspoort, April 1870’. Journal of Southern African Studies 23(1): 127–40. doi: 10.1080/03057079708708526
  • McClendon, T. 2002. Genders and Generations Apart: Labor Tenants and Customary Law in Segregation-era South Africa, 1920s to 1940s. Portsmouth: Heinemann.
  • McClure, J. 1982 [1971]. The Steam Pig. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • McQueen. S. 2014. Twelve Years a Slave. Beverly Hills: Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment.
  • Midgley, J. 1975. Children on Trial: A Study of Juvenile Justice. Cape Town: NICRO.
  • Midgley, J. 1982. ‘Corporal punishment and penal policy: Notes on the continued use of corporal punishment with reference to South Africa’. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 73(1): 388–403. doi: 10.2307/1143037
  • Middleton. A.J. 1984. ‘A comparison of South African and European views on corporal punishment’. Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 17(2): 153–62.
  • Morrell, R. 2001a. From Boys to Gentlemen: Settler Masculinity in Colonial Natal, 1880–1920. Pretoria: Unisa Press.
  • Morrell, R. 2001b. ‘Corporal punishment and masculinity in South African schools’. Men and Masculinities 4: 140–57. doi: 10.1177/1097184X01004002003
  • Morrell, R. 2001c. ‘Corporal punishment in South African schools: A neglected explanation for its persistence’. South African Journal of Education 21(4): 292–9.
  • Newman, J. & Midgley, J. 1975. ‘Crime and penal statistics in South Africa’, in J. Midgley, J.H. Steyn & R. Graser (eds), Crime and Punishment in South Africa. Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill.
  • Nicholas, H.C. 1975. ‘Consistency and discretion in sentencing in the courts’, in Midgley, et al (eds), Crime and Punishment in South Africa. Johannesburg: McGraw-Hill.
  • Niehaus, I. 2000. ‘Towards a dubious liberation: Masculinity, sexuality and power in South African Lowveld schools, 1953–99’. Journal of Southern African Studies 26(3): 387–407. doi: 10.1080/713683581
  • Northup, N. 1968 [1856]. Twelve Years a Slave. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
  • Ocobock, P. 2012. ‘Spare the rod, spoil the colony: Corporal punishment, colonial violence, and generational authority in Kenya, 1897–1952’. International Journal of African Historical Studies 45(1): 29–56.
  • O’Malley, P. n.d. ‘1953. Criminal Law Amendment Act No. 8’. Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory < https://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv01829/06lv01855.htm> (accessed 10 June 2016).
  • Orr, W. 2002. ‘Health and human rights: A South African experience’. Canadian Family Physician 48: 1880–3.
  • Pate, M. & Gould, L. 2012. ‘The discipline of difference: Ethnolinguistic heterogeneity and corporal punishment’. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 36(3): 211–28. doi: 10.1080/01924036.2012.655408
  • Paton, A. 1948. Cry the Beloved Country: A Story of Comfort in Desolation. New York: Scribner’s Sons.
  • Peté, S. & Devenish, A. 2005. ‘Flogging, fear and food: Punishment and race in colonial Natal’. Journal of Southern African Studies 31(1): 3–21. doi: 10.1080/03057070500035570
  • Roberts, A. & J. Sloth-Nielson. 1986. ‘Whippings: The courts, the legislature and the unrest’. South African Journal on Human Rights 2: 224–9.
  • Ross, R. 1983. Cape of Torments: Slavery and Resistance in South Africa. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Sachs, A. 1973. Justice in South Africa. Berkeley: University of California.
  • Seekings, J. 2001. ‘Social ordering and control in the African townships of South Africa: An historical overview of extra-state initiatives from the 1940s to the 1990s’, in W. Scharf & D. Nuna (eds), The Other Law: Non-State Ordering in South Africa. Cape Town: Juta Law.
  • Shane, M. n.d. ‘Helen Suzman, 1917–2009’. Jewish Women’s Archive < http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/suzman-helen> (accessed 10 June 2016).
  • Sherman, T. 2009. ‘Tensions of colonial punishment: Perspectives on recent developments in the study of coercive networks in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean’. History Compass 7(3): 659–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00597.x
  • Sloth-Nielson, J. 1990. ‘Corporal punishment: Acceptable state violence?’, in D. Hansson & D. van Zyl Smit (eds), Towards Justice: Crime and State Control in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
  • SAIRR. 1978. A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1977. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations.
  • SAIRR. 1983. Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1982. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations.
  • Steyn, J.H. 1974. ‘The punishment scene in South Africa – developments over the past decade and the prospects for reform’, in R. Hood (ed), Crime, Criminology and Public Policy: Essays in Honour of Sir Leon Radzinowicz. New York: Free Press.
  • Super, G. 2011. ‘Punishment and the body in the “old” and “new” South Africa: A story of punitivist humanism’. Theoretical Criminology 15(4): 427–43. doi: 10.1177/1362480611405099
  • Viljoen Commission. 1976. Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Penal System of the Republic of South Africa. Pretoria: Government Printer.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.