520
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Christianity and Masquerade Practices Among the Youth in Nsukka, Nigeria

Pages 40-59 | Received 21 Aug 2019, Accepted 17 May 2020, Published online: 25 Feb 2021

References

  • Achebe, Chinua. 1958. Things Fall Apart. London: Heinemann.
  • Akubor, Emmanuel Osewe. 2016. ‘Africans Concept of Masquerades and their Role in Societal Control and Stability: Some Notes on the Esan People of Southern Nigeria’. Asian and African Studies 25 (1): 32–50.
  • Hanson, Allan. 1989. ‘The Making of the Maori: Cultural Invention and its Logic’. American Anthropologist 91 (4): 890–902. doi:10.1525./aa.1989.91.4.02a00050
  • Aniakor, Chike Cyril. 1978. ‘The Omabe Cult and Masking Tradition’. In The Nsukka Environment, edited by Godfrey Ezediaso, and Kingsley Ofomata, 286–306 Enugu: Fourth Dimension Publishers.
  • Aniako, Chike Cyril. 2002. ‘Art in the Culture of Igboland’. In A Survey of the Igbo Nation, edited by GEK Ofomata, 300–349. Onitsha: Africana First Publishers
  • Asogwa, Ifeanyichukwu, and Gambo Duniya. 2017 ‘Flexibility of Approach in Art Practice as Research: Hints in Omabe Based Sculpture Installations’. Mgbakoigba: Journal of African Studies 6 (2): 79–100.
  • Arinze, Francis Cardinal. 2014. ‘Christianity Meets Igbo Traditional Religion’. In Interface between Igbo Theology and Christianity, edited by Akuma-Kalu Njoku and Elochukwu Uzukwu, 10–19. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Basden, George Thomas. 1982. Among the Ibos of Nigeria. Onitsha: University Publishing Company.
  • Barnaby, J. 1935. ‘Intelligence Report on the Villages of Nsukka, Ibagwa and Eror, Nsukka Division’. Ibadan: National Archives
  • Bentor, Eli. 2008 ‘Masquerade Politics in Contemporary Southeastern Nigeria’. African Arts 41 (4): 32–43. doi: 10.1162./afar.2008.414.32
  • Bortolot, Alexander Ives. 2007a. ‘A Language for Change: Creativity and Power in Mozambican Makonde Masked Performance, Circa 1900–2004’. PhD diss., Columbia University.
  • Bortolot, Alexander Ives. 2007b. Revolutions: A Century of Makonde Masquerade in Mozambique. Columbia University: Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery.
  • Catholic Diocese of Nsukka. 2015. ‘Brief History of Catholic Diocese of Nsukka’. http://nsukkacatholicdiocese.org/brief-history.html
  • Chigbo, Ijeoma Beatrice. 2016. ‘Salvation as the Focal Point of African Traditional Religion in Nsukka Cultural Zone’. PhD diss., University of Nigeria.
  • Cole, H.M, and Chike Cyril Aniakor. 1984. Igbo Arts: Community and Cosmos. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, UCLA.
  • De Jong, Ferdinand. 2007.Masquerades of Modernity: Power and Secrecy in Casamance, Senegal. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Drewal, Henry John. 1978. ‘The Arts of Egugun Among Yoruba Peoples of Africa’. African Arts 11 (3): 18–19, 97–98. doi: 10.2307/3335409.
  • Duerden, Dennis. 1974. African Arts: An Introduction. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group
  • Eke, Casmir I. 1985. ‘The Creation of More Diocese After 1960: Port Harcourt (1961), Enugu (1962), Ikot Epkene (1963), Abakaliki (1973), Awka (1978), Orlu (1981) and Okigwe (1981)’. In A Hundred Years of the Catholic church in Eastern Nigeria, 1885-1985, edited by CA Obi, VA Nwosu, C Eke, KBC Onwubiko, and FC Okon, 227–303. Onitsha.
  • Ekechi, Felix. K. 1971a. Missionary Enterprises and Rivalry in Igboland 1857–1914. London: Frank Cass.
  • Ekechi, Felix.1971b. ‘Colonialism and Christianity in West Africa: The Igbo Case 1900-1915’. The Journal of African History 12 (1): 103–115.
  • Enekwe, Osita. 1987. Igbo Masks: The Oneness of Ritual and Theatre. Lagos: The Nigerian Magazine.
  • Eze, Tobe. 2018. ‘A Hermeneutical Analysis of Omabe Masquerade in Eha-Alumona town of Nsukka L.G.A Enugu State’. <https://tobeeze.blogspot.com/2018/01/a-hermeneutical-analysis-of-omabe.html>
  • Ezeanya, Stephen. 1976. The Church Speaks to Africa. Enugu: The Diocesan Catholic Secretariat.
  • Ezechi, Joseph Chukwuma. 2011. The Dead Never Gone. Enugu: Kingsley’s.
  • Fyfe, Christopher. 1990. ‘Nunley, J.W, Moving with Face of the Devil: The Politics of Arts in a West African City’. Journal of Religion in Africa 20 (3): 28–287. doi: 10.1163/157006690 × 0
  • Gore, Charles. 2008. ‘“Burn the Mmonwu”: Contradictions and Contestations in Masquerade Performance in Uga, Anambra State in Southeastern Nigeria’. African Arts 41 (4): 60–73. doi:10.1162/afar/.2008.41.4.6
  • Harley, George Wey. 1975. Masks as Agents of Social Control in Northeast Liberia. New York: Kraus Reprint Co.
  • Igbo, P. 2013. ‘Christian Faith and the Challenges of Inculturation’. African Christian Theology 4: 49–71.
  • Ilogu, Edmund. 1985. Christianity and Ibo Culture. Onitsha: University Publishing Company.
  • Inyama, EO. 2007. Pentecostalism as Urban Phenomenon. Toronto: Godline Publishers.
  • Iwe, Nwachukwu Sonde S. 1979. Christianity, Culture and Colonialism in Africa. Port Harcourt: College of Education, Department of Religious Studies.
  • Israel, Paolo. 2014. In Step with the Times: Mapiko Masquerades of Mozambique. Ohio: Ohio University Press.
  • Johnson, Barbara. 1986. Four Dan Sculptors: Continuity and Change. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.
  • Kalu, Ogbu Uke. 1988. ‘Under the Eyes of the Gods: Sacrilization and Control of Social Order in Igboland’. Ahiajoku lecture. http://ahiajoku.igbonet.com/1988/
  • Marshall-Fratani, Ruth. 1998. ‘Mediating the Global and Local in Nigerian Pentecostalism’. Journal of Religion in Africa 28 (3): 279–315. doi:10.1163/157006698 × 0
  • Mbiti, John Samuel. 1969. African Religions and Philosophy. London: Heineman.
  • Meek, Charles Kingsley. 1930. Ethnographical Report on the Peoples of the Nsukka Division. Onitsha: Provincial Report.
  • Meyer, Birgit. 1998. ‘“Make a Complete Break with the Past”: Memory and Post-colonial Modernity in Ghanaian Pentecostalist Discourse’. Journal of Religion in Africa 28 (3): 316–349. doi: 10.1163/157006698X00044
  • Njoku, Akuma-Kalu, and Elochukwu Uzukwu. 2014. Interface between Igbo Theology and Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Nunley, John W. 1987. Moving with the Face of the Devil: Art and Politics in Urban West Africa. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
  • Nwankwo, Ignatius Uche. 2015. ‘Governance and Associated Social Roles of Masquerades among the Igbo of South East Nigeria in an Era of Globalization: A Critical Appraisal’. Mgbakoigba: Journal of African Studies 4: 1–12. https://www.ajol.info/ndex.php/mjs/article/view/118509
  • Okafor, R. C. 2008. ‘Mmonwu: Entertainment, Film, Theatre and Education’. International Journal of Life and Culture 1 (1): 29–41.
  • Omema, AE. 1991 ‘The Veneration of Ancestors in Nsukka with Particular Reference to Obollo- Etiti in Isi Uzo Local Government Area, Enugu’. Bachelor’s essay, University of Nigeria.
  • Onwu, Emmanuel N. 2006 ‘Poverty and Prosperity in Nigerian Pentecostal Theology: A New Testament Critique‘. Journal of New Testament Research 1: 1–27.
  • Onyeneke, Augustine. 1987. The Dead Among the Living: Masquerades in Igbo society. Enugu: Holy Ghost Congregation and Asele Institute.
  • Onyeneke, Augustine. 2002. ‘The Future of the Masquerade in Igboland’. In Evangelization and Renewal in the Church of Enugu Diocese in the Third Millennium “You Shall be my Witnesses” (Acts 1s:8): Acts and Declarations of the Second Synod of the Catholic Diocese of Enugu, edited by Ikechukwu Ani and Obiora F Ike, 125–131 Enugu: CIDJAP.
  • Orobator, Agbonkhianmeghe E. 2013. ‘“After All, Africa is Largely a Non-literate Continent”: The Reception of Vatican II in Africa’. Theological Studies 74 (2): 284–301. doi:10.1177/004056391307400202
  • Povinelli, EA. 2002. The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Pratten, David. 2008. ‘Masking Youth, Transformation and Transgression in Annang Performance’. African Arts 41 (4): 44–59. doi: 10.1162/afar.2008.41.4.44
  • Rea, Will. 2008. ‘Making History: The Modernity of Masquerades in Ikole Ekiti’. African Arts 41 (4): 10–25. doi:10.1162/afar.2008.414.10
  • Sieber, Roy. 1962. ‘Masks as Agent of Social Control’. African Studies Review 5 (2): 8–13. doi: 10.1017/S0002020600040403
  • Sourou, Jean-Baptiste. 2014. ‘African Traditional Religion and the Catholic Church in the Light of Synod for Africa:1994 and 2009’. African Law Journal 14: 142–149. https//www.ahrlj.up.ac/sourou-j-b
  • Ugwu, Christopher Okeke Tagbo, and L Ugwueye. 2004. African Traditional Religion: A Prolegomenon. Lagos: Merit International Press.
  • Ugwu, Christopher Okeke Tagbo. 1999. Man and His Religion. Nsukka: Chuka Educational Press.
  • Ugwu, Christopher Okeke Tagbo. 2014. ‘The Demise of African Gods: Fallacy or Reality?’ 85th Inaugural Lecture of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nsukka: UNN Press Ltd.
  • Ugwueze, Anthony Ifeanyi. 2003. ‘Omabe: Symbol of Ancestral Authority in Obollo-Eke, Enugu State’. Bachelor’s essay, University of Nigeria.
  • Werry, Margaret. 2020. ‘Cultural Revivals’. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/cultural-revivals
  • Weil, Peter M. 1971. ‘The Masked Figure and Social Control: The Mandika Case’. Africa 41 (4): 279–29.

Interviews

  • All interviews were conducted by the author in Nsukka.
  • Agbo, Ben, 65 years, Roman Catholic, 18 March 2016.
  • Chiemezie, Chukwuebuka, 38 years, Pentecostal, 17 March 2018
  • Chukwuebuka, Kosisochukwu, 17 years, Roman Catholic, 13 March 2017
  • Chukwuemeka, Santus (Reverend Father), 50 years, Roman Catholic
  • Eze, Denis, 25 years, Anglican, 6 March 2016
  • Ezema, Leo 25 years, Roman Catholic, 13 September 2017
  • Ezeugwu, Chidi, 25 years, Roman Catholic, 16 March 2018
  • Nwayi-Uzo, Nnenna, 75 years, Roman Catholic, 3 June 2017
  • Ikeokwu, Chimuanya, 27 years, Anglican, 13 May 2017
  • Jonathan, Ikechukwu, 50 years, Anglican, 15 May 2017
  • Okpe, Obinna, 60 years, cultural revivalist/traditionalist, 10 June 2018
  • Ozioko, Christian, 38 years, Roman Catholic, 20 October 2017
  • Ude, Charles, 40 years, Roman Catholic, 15 May 2018
  • Ugwu, Fabian, 23 year, Roman Catholic, 10 July 2018
  • Ugwuokeja, Eze, 75 years, traditionalist, 16 March 2018

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.