Potential Effects of Management on Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Predation on Juvenile Salmonids at a Colony in San Francisco Bay, California

REFERENCES

• Adrean , L. J. 2011 . Caspian tern (Hydorprogne caspia) foraging ecology and predation on juvenile salmonids in San Francisco Bay, California , Corvallis : Oregon State University . Master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , S. K. , Roby , D. D. , Lyons , D. E. and Collis , K. 2007 . Relationship of Caspian tern foraging ecology to nesting success in the Columbia River estuary, Oregon, USA . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 73 : 447 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony , J. A. , Roby , D. D. and Turco , K. R. 2000 . Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes from the northern Gulf of Alaska . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 248 : 53 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antolos , M. , Roby , D. D. , Lyons , D. E. , Collis , K. , Evans , A. F. , Hawbecker , M. and Ryan , B. A. 2005 . Caspian tern predation on juvenile salmonids in the mid-Columbia River . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 134 : 466 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDFG (California Department of Fish and Game) . 2009 . Fishing California's central coast region. CDFG, Sacramento . Available: www.dfg.ca.gov/publications/docs/FishGuideR3.pdf. (February 2011)
   Google Scholar
• CDFG (California Department of Fish and Game) . 2011 . GrandTab database. CDFG, Sacramento . Available: www.calfish.org/tabid/104/Default.aspx. (Feb- ruary 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Collis , K. , Roby , D. D. , Craig , D. P. , Adamany , S. , Adkins , J. Y. and Lyons , D. E. 2002 . Colony size and diet composition of piscivorous waterbirds on the lower Columbia River: implications for losses of juvenile salmonids to avian predation . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 131 : 537 – 550 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collis , K. , Roby , D. D. , Craig , D. P. , Ryan , B. A. and Ledgerwood , R. D. 2001 . Colonial waterbird predation on juvenile salmonids tagged with passive integrated transponders in the Columbia River estuary: vulnerability of different salmonid species, stocks, and rearing types . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 130 : 385 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collis , K. , Roby , D. D. , Larson , K. W. , Adrean , L. J. , Nelson , S. K. , Evans , A. F. , Hostetter , N. , Battaglia , D. , Lyons , D. E. , Marcella , T. and Patterson , A. 2012 . Trends in Caspian tern nesting and diet in San Francisco Bay: conservation implications for terns and salmonids . Waterbirds , 35 : 25 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuthbert , F. J. and Wires , L. R. 1999 . Caspian tern (Sterna caspia). Number 403 in A. Poole and F. Gill, editors. The birds of North America , Philadelphia : The Birds of North America .
   Google Scholar
• Errington , P. L. 1967 . Of predation and life , Ames : Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , A. F. , Roby , D. D. , Collis , K. , Cramer , B. M. , Sheggeby , J. A. , Adrean , L. J. , Battaglia , D. S. and Lyons , D. E. 2011 . Recovery of coded wire tags at a Caspian tern colony in San Francisco Bay: a technique to evaluate impacts of avian predation on juvenile salmonids . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 31 : 79 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feyrer , F. , Nobriga , M. L. and Sommer , T. R. 2007 . Multidecadal trends for three declining fish species: habitat patterns and mechanisms in the San Francisco estuary, California, USA . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 64 : 723 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FFC (Fishery Foundation of California) . 2008 . San Francisco Bay estuary acclimation of Central Valley hatchery raised Chinook salmon project: final report , California : FFC, Elk Grove .
   Google Scholar
• FFC (Fishery Foundation of California) . 2009 . San Francisco Bay estuary acclimation of Central Valley hatchery raised Chinook salmon project: final report , California : FFC, Elk Grove .
   Google Scholar
• Furness , R. W. 1978 . Energy requirements of seabird communities: a bioenergetics model . Journal of Animal Ecology , 47 : 39 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasaway , W. C. , Boertje , R. D. , Grangaard , D. V. , Kelleyhouse , D. G. , Stephenson , R. O. and Larsen , D. G. 1992 . The role of predation in limiting moose at low densities in Alaska and Yukon and implications for conservation . Wildlife Monographs , 120 : 3 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Glahn , J. F. and Brugger , K. E. 1995 . The impact of double-crested cormorants on the Mississippi Delta catfish industry: a bioenergetics model . Colonial Waterbirds , 18 : 168 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Good , T. P. , McClure , M. M. , Sanford , B. P. , Barnas , K. A. , Marsh , D. M. , Ryan , B. A. and Casillas , E. 2007 . Quantifying the effect of Caspian tern predation on threatened and endangered Pacific salmon in the Columbia River estuary . Endangered Species Research , 3 : 11 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Good , T. P. , Waples , R. S. and Adams , P. , eds. 2005 . Updated status of federally listed ESUs of West Coast salmon and steelhead , NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-66 .
   Google Scholar
• Grinnell , J. and Miller , A. H. 1944 . The distribution of the birds of California . Pacific Coast Avifauna , 27 : 172 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Hostetter , N. J. 2009 . Susceptibility of juvenile salmonids to avian predation: are Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants only taking the sick and injured? , Corvallis : Oregon State University . Master's thesis
   Google Scholar
• Kendeigh , S. C. 1969 . Energy responses of birds to their thermal environments . Wilson Bulletin , 81 : 441 – 449 .
   Google Scholar
• Klaassen , M. 1994 . Growth and energetics of tern chicks from temperate and polar environments . Auk , 111 : 525 – 544 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krebs , J. R. 1974 . Colonial nesting and social feeding as strategies for exploiting food resources in the great blue heron (Ardea herodias) . Behaviour , 51 : 99 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lifson , N. and McClintock , R. 1966 . Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring energy and material balance . Journal of Theoretical Biology , 12 : 46 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindley , S. T. , Grimes , C. B. , Mohr , M. S. , Peterson , W. , Stein , J. , Anderson , J. T. , Botsford , L. W. , Bottom , D. L. , Busack , C. A. , Collier , T. K. , Ferguson , J. , Garza , J. C. , Grover , A. M. , Hankin , D. G. , Kope , R. G. , Lawson , P. W. , Low , A. , MacFarlane , R. B. , Moore , K. , Palmer-Zwahlen , M. , Schwing , F. B. , Smith , J. , Tracy , C. , Webb , R. , Wells , B. K. and Williams , T. H. 2009 . What caused the Sacramento River fall Chinook stock collapse? . NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-447
   Google Scholar
• Lindley , S. T. , Schick , R. S. , Mora , E. , Adams , P. B. , Anderson , J. J. , Greene , S. , Hanson , C. , May , B. P. , McEwan , D. R. , MacFarlane , R. B. , Swanson , C. and Williams , J. G. 2007 . Framework for assessing viability of threatened and endangered Chinook salmon and steelhead in the Sacramento-San Joaquin basin . San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science , 5 : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Lyons , D. E. 2010 . Bioenergetics-based predator-prey relationships between piscivorous birds and juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary , Corvallis : Oregon State University . Doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Lyons , D. E. and Roby , D. D. 2011 . Validating growth and development of a seabird as an indicator of food availability: captive-reared Caspian tern chicks fed ad libitum and restricted diets . Journal of Field Ornithology , 82 : 88 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons , D. E. , Roby , D. D. and Collis , K. 2005 . Foraging ecology of Caspian terns in the Columbia River estuary, USA . Waterbirds , 28 : 280 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons , D. E. , Roby , D. D. and Collis , K. 2007 . Foraging patterns of Caspian terns and double-crested cormorants in the Columbia River estuary . Northwest Science , 81 : 91 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacFarlane , R. B. 2010 . Energy dynamics and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California during the estuarine phase and first ocean year . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 67 : 1549 – 1565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madenjian , C. P. and Gabrey , S. W. 1995 . Waterbird predation on fish in western Lake Erie: a bioenergetics model application . Condor , 97 : 141 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure , M. M. , Holmes , E. E. , Sanderson , B. L. and Jordon , C. E. 2003 . A large-scale, multispecies status assessment: anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River basin . Ecological Applications , 13 : 964 – 989 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwan , D. R. 2001 . “ Central Valley steelhead ” . In Contributions to the biology of Central Valley salmonids , Edited by: Brown , R. L. Vol. 1 , 1 – 43 . California Department of Fish and Game . Fish Bulletin 179
   Google Scholar
• Meng , L. , Moyle , P. B. and Herbold , B. 1994 . Changes in abundance and distribution of native and introduced fishes of Suisun Marsh . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 123 : 498 – 507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montevecchi , W. A. and Piatt , J. 1984 . Composition and energy contents of mature inshore spawning capelin (Mallotus villosus): implications for seabird predators . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 78A : 15 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy , K. A. 1980 . CO2 production in animals: analysis of potential errors in the doubly labeled water method . American Journal of Physiology , 238 : R466 – R473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 1998 . Endangered and threatened species: threatened status for two ESUs of steelhead in Washington, Oregon, and California . Federal Register 63 , 53 ( 19 March 1998 ) : 13347 – 13371 .
   Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 2005 . Endangered and threatened species: final listing determinations for 16 ESUs of West Coast salmon, and final 4(d) protective regulations for threatened salmonid ESUs . Federal Register 70 , : 123 – 37204 . 37160
   Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 2006 . Biological opinion for Caspian tern management plan to reduce predation of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary , Washington , D.C. : U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Biological Opinion, NMFS 2005/00124 .
   Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 2008 . Fisheries off West Coast states and in the western Pacific; West Coast salmon fisheries; 2008 management measures and a temporary rule . Federal Register 73 , 85 ( 1 May 2008 ) : 23971 – 23981 .
   Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 2009a . “ Commerce secretary Gary Locke extends 2008 disaster declaration due to poor salmon returns ” . Washington , D.C. : U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Press Release (30 April 2009) . Available: www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/sf3/disaster.htm. (Feb- ruary 2011)
   Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) . 2009b . Fisheries off West Coast states and in the western Pacific; West Coast salmon fisheries; 2009 management measures . Federal Register 74 , 85 ( 5 May 2009 ) : 20610 – 20620 .
   Google Scholar
• Olla , B. L. , Davis , M. W. and Ryer , C. H. 1994 . Behavioural deficits in hatchery-reared fish: potential effects on survival following release . Aquaculture and Fisheries Management , 25 : 19 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• PFMC (Pacific Fishery Management Council) . 2010 . Status of the Pacific coast coastal pelagic species fishery and recommended acceptable biological catches: stock assessment and fishery evaluation 2010. PFMC, Portland, Oregon . Available: www.pcouncil.org/coastal-pelagic-species. (October 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , R. A. , Thompson , D. R. and Hamer , K. C. 1999 . The impact of great skua predation on seabird populations at St. Kilda: a bioenergetics model . Journal of Applied Ecology , 36 : 218 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , J. S. 1990 . Sexual size dimorphism and parental care patterns in a monomorphic and a dimorphic larid . Auk , 107 : 260 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , D. S. and Kunz , T. H. 2001 . “ Standard methods for destructive body composition analysis ” . In Body composition analysis of animals: a handbook of non-destructive methods , Edited by: Speakman , J. R. 39 – 55 . Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• RMPC (Regional Mark Processing Center) . 1977 . Regional mark information system (RMIS) databases. Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission , Oregon : RMPC, Portland . Available: www.rmpc.org. (February 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Roby , D. D. , Lyons , D. E. , Craig , D. P. , Collis , K. and Henk Visser , G. 2003 . Quantifying the effect of predators on endangered species using a bioenergetics approach: Caspian terns and juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 81 : 250 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , B. A. , Smith , S. G. , Butzerin , J. M. and Ferguson , J. W. 2003 . Relative vulnerability to avian predation of juvenile salmonids tagged with passive integrated transponders in the Columbia River estuary, 1998–2000 . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 132 : 275 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Nielsen , K. 1997 . Animal physiology: adaptation and environment, , 5th edition , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Seto , N. W. H. , Dillon , J. , Shuford , W. D. and Zimmerman , T. 2003 . A review of Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) nesting habitat: a feasibility assessment of management opportunities in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific region , Portland , Oregon : U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service . Technical Report 2
   Google Scholar
• Silverman , E. D. , Veit , R. R. and Nevitt , G. A. 2004 . Nearest neighbors as foraging cues: information transfer in a patchy environment . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 277 : 25 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong , C. M. , Spear , L. B. , Ryan , T. P. and Dakin , R. E. 2004 . Forster's tern, Caspian tern, and California gull colonies in San Francisco Bay: habitat use, numbers and trends, 1982–2003 . Waterbirds , 27 : 411 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USACE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) . 2006 . Record of decision: Caspian tern management to reduce predation of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary , Portland , Oregon : USACE .
   Google Scholar
• USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) . 2006 . Record of decision: Caspian tern management to reduce predation of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River estuary , Portland , Oregon : USFWS .
   Google Scholar
• Weimerskirch , H. 1998 . How can a pelagic seabird provision its chick when relying on a distant food resource? cyclic attendance at the colony, foraging decision and body condition in sooty shearwaters . Journal of Animal Ecology , 67 : 99 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weimerskirch , H. , Cherel , Y. , Cuenot-Chaillet , F. and Ridoux , V. 1997 . Alternative foraging strategies and resource allocation by male and female wandering albatrosses . Ecology , 78 : 2051 – 2063 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens , J. A. and Scott , J. M. 1975 . Model estimation of energy flow in Oregon coastal seabird populations . Condor , 77 : 439 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshiyama , R. M. , Fisher , F. W. and Moyle , P. B. 1998 . Historical abundance and decline of Chinook salmon in the Central Valley region of California . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 18 : 487 – 521 .
   Google Scholar