Does Catch-and-Release Angling Alter the Behavior and Fate of Adult Atlantic Salmon During Upriver Migration?

REFERENCES

• Aas, Ø., and B. P. Kaltenborn. 1995. Consumptive orientation of anglers in Engerdal, Norway. Environmental Management 19:751–761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlinghaus, R., S. J. Cooke, J. Lyman, D. Policansky, A. Schwab, C. Suski, S. G. Sutton, and E. B. Thorstad. 2007. Understanding the complexity of catch-and-release in recreational fishing: an integrative synthesis of global knowledge from historical, ethical, social, and biological perspectives. Reviews in Fisheries Science 15:75–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baisez, A., J. M. Bach, C. Leon, T. Parouty, R. Terrade, M. Hoffmann, and P. Laffaille. 2011. Migration delays and mortality of adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar en route to spawning grounds on the River Allier, France. Endangered Species Research 15:265–270.
   Google Scholar
• Bardonnet, A., and J. L. Baglinière. 2000. Freshwater habitat of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57:497–506.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, A., and J. A. Bohnsack. 2005. A review of catch-and-release angling mortality with implications for no-take reserves. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15:129–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendock, T., and M. Alexandersdottir. 1993. Hooking mortality of Chinook Salmon released in the Kenai River, Alaska. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13:540–549.
   Google Scholar
• Bettoli, P. W., and R. S. Osborne. 1998. Hooking mortality and behavior of Striped Bass following catch-and-release angling. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 3:609–615.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, R. K., J. D. Kieffer, B. L. Tufts, K. Davidson, and A. T. Bielak. 1995. Effects of late-season catch-and-release angling on anaerobic metabolism, acid-base status, survival, and gamete viability in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:283–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett, N. J., S. G. Hinch, D. C. Braun, M. T. Casselman, C. T. Middleton, S. M. Wilson, and S. J. Cooke. 2014. Burst swimming in areas of high flow: delayed consequences of anaerobiosis in wild adult Sockeye Salmon. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 87:587–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggins, L. G., M. J. Catalano, M. S. Allen, W. E. Pine, and C. J. Walters. 2007. Effects of cryptic mortality and the hidden costs of using length limits in fishery management. Fish and Fisheries 8:196–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, S. J., G. T. Crossin, D. A. Patterson, K. K. English, S. G. Hinch, J. L. Young, R. F. Alexander, M. C. Healey, G. Van Der Kraak, and A. P. Farrell. 2005. Coupling non-invasive physiological assessments with telemetry to understand inter-individual variation in behaviour and survivorship of Sockeye Salmon: development and validation of a technique. Journal of Fish Biology 67:1342–1358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke, S. J., and H. L. Schramm. 2007. Catch-and-release science and its application to conservation and management of recreational fisheries. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14:73–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, K., J. Hayward, M. Hambrook, A. T. Bielak, and J. Sheasgreen. 1994. The effects of late-season angling on gamete viability and early fry survival in Atlantic Salmon. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1982:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Dempson, J. B., G. Furey, and M. Bloom. 2002. Effects of catch-and-release angling on Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L., of the Conne River, Newfoundland. Fisheries Management and Ecology 9:139–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingle, H. 1980. Ecology an evolution of migration. Pages 1–101 in S. A. Gauthreaux, editor. Animal migration, orientation, and navigation. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Dobson, G. P., and P. W. Hochachka. 1987. Role of glycolysis in adenylate depletion and repletion during work and recovery in teleost white muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology 129:125–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, M. R., R. Arlinghaus, K. C. Hanson, and S. J. Cooke. 2008. Enhancing catch-and-release science with biotelemetry. Fish and Fisheries 9:79–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downton, P. R., D. G. Reddin, and R. W. Johnson. 2001. Status of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Campbellton River, Notre Dame Bay (SFA 4), Newfoundland in 2000. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document 2001/031.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, H. J., M. E. Mather, J. M. Smith, R. M. Muth, J. T. Finn, and S. D. McCormick. 2009. What is “fallback”?: metrics needed to assess telemetry tag effects on anadromous fish behavior. Hydrobiologia 63:237–249.
   Google Scholar
• Gale, M. K., S. G. Hinch, S. J. Cooke, M. R. Donaldson, E. J. Eliason, K. M. Jeffries, E. G. Martins, and D. A. Patterson. 2014. Observable impairments predict mortality of captured and released Sockeye Salmon at various temperatures. Conservation Physiology [online serial] 2:cou029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowans, A. R. D., J. D. Armstrong, and I. G. Priede. 1999. Movements of adult Atlantic Salmon in relation to a hydroelectric dam and fish ladder. Journal of Fish Biology 54:713–726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudjonsson, S., T. Antonsson, and T. Tomasson. 1996. Exploitation ratio of Atlantic Salmon in relation to Atlantic Salmon run in three Icelandic rivers. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Statutory Meeting ANACAT (Anadromous and Catadromous Fish) Committee M:8, Copenhagen.
   Google Scholar
• Havn, T. B. 2014. The effect of catch-and-release angling at high water temperatures on behavior and survival of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Master's thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
   Google Scholar
• Heggberget, T. G. 1988. Timing of spawning in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:845–849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heggberget, T. G., L. P. Hansen, and T. F. Næsje. 1988. Within-river spawning migration of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:1691–1698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendry, A. P., and O. K. Berg. 1999. Secondary sexual characters, energy use, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in Sockeye Salmon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:1663–1675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hightower, J. E., J. R. Jackson, and K. H. Pollock. 2001. Using telemetry methods to estimate natural and fishing mortality of Striped Bass in Lake Gaston, North Carolina. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:557–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICES (International Council of the Exploration of the Sea). 2013. Report of the working group on North Atlantic salmon (WGNAS). ICES, CM 2013/ACOM:09, Copenhagen.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, J. L., E. Halttunen, E. B. Thorstad, T. F. Næsje, and A. H. Rikardsen. 2010. Does catch-and-release angling alter the migratory behaviour of Atlantic Salmon? Fisheries Research 106:550–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobling, M. 1994. Fish bioenergetics. Chapman and Hall, London.
   Google Scholar
• Kieffer, J. D. 2000. Limits to exhaustive exercise in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 126:161–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L’Abée-Lund, J. H., and H. Aspås. 1999. Threshold values of river discharge and temperature for anglers’ catch of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L. Fisheries Management and Ecology 6:323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lévesque, F., R. Le Jeune, and G. Shooner. 1985. Synthèse des connaissances sur le saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar) au stade post-fraie. [Synthesis of knowledge on the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) at the post-spawning stage.] Rapport Manuscrit Canadien des Sciences Halieutiques et Aquatiques [Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences] 1827.
   Google Scholar
• Mäkinen, T. S., E. Niemelä, K. Moen, and R. Lindström. 2000. Behaviour of gill-net and rod-captured Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) during upstream migration and following radio tagging. Fisheries Research 45:117–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKibben, M. A., and D. W. Hay. 2004. Distributions of planktonic sea lice larvae Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the inter-tidal zone in Loch Torridon, western Scotland in relation to Atlantic Salmon farm production cycles. Aquaculture Research 35:742–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milligan, C. L., and C. M. Wood. 1986. Intracellular and extracellular acid-base status and H+ exchange with the environment after exhaustive exercise in the Rainbow Trout. Journal of Experimental Biology 123:93–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muoneke, M. I., and W. M. Childress. 1994. Hooking mortality: a review for recreational fisheries. Reviews in Fisheries Science 2:123–156.
   Google Scholar
• Økland, F., J. Erkinaro, K. Moen, E. Niemelä, P. Fiske, R. S., McKinley, and E. B. Thorstad. 2001. Return migration of Atlantic Salmon in the River Tana: phases of migratory behaviour. Journal of Fish Biology 59:862–874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olaussen, J. O. 2007. Playing chicken with Atlantic Salmon. Marine Resource Economics 22:173–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrish, D. L., R. J. Behnke, S. R. Gephard, S. D. McCormick, and G. H. Reeves. 1998. Why aren't there more Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:281–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez, J., J. I. Izquierdo, J. D. L Hoz, and E. Garcia-Vazquez. 2005. Female biased angling harvests of Atlantic Salmon in Spain. Fisheries Research 74:127–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock, K. H., and W. E. Pine 2007. The design and analysis of field studies to estimate catch-and-release mortality. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14:123–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. 2008. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. Available: http://www.R-project.org. (January 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Raby, G. D., M. R. Donaldson, S. G. Hinch, D. A. Patterson, A. G. Lotto, D. Robichaud, K. K. English, W. G. Willmore, A. P. Farrell, M. W. Davis, and S. J. Cooke. 2012. Validation of reflex indicators for measuring vitality and predicting the delayed mortality of wild Coho Salmon bycatch released from fishing gears. Journal of Applied Ecology 49:90–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard, A., M. Dionne, J. Wang, and L. Bernatchez. 2013. Does catch-and-release affect the mating system and individual reproductive success of wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)? Molecular Ecology 22:187–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitler, R. J. 1998 The animal rights movement and fisheries: they’re heeeeere! Fisheries 23(1):21–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stensland, S. 2012. Typology of landowners in Norwegian Atlantic Salmon angling: attitudes towards river owner organisations and management actions. Fisheries Management and Ecology 19:273–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tentelier, C., and C. Piou. 2011. Obstacles to migration constrain nest distribution of Atlantic Salmon. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 20:400–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorstad, E. B., T. F. Næsje, P. Fiske, and B. Finstad. 2003. Effects of hook and release on Atlantic Salmon in the River Alta, northern Norway. Fisheries Research 60:293–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorstad, E. B., T. F. Næsje, and I. Leinan. 2007. Long-term effects of catch-and-release angling on ascending Atlantic Salmon during different stages of spawning migration. Fisheries Research 85:316–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorstad, E. B., F. Økland, and B. Finstad. 2000. Effects of telemetry transmitters on swimming performance of adult Atlantic Salmon. Journal of Fish Biology 57:531–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tufts, B. L., K. Davidson, and A. T. Bielak. 2000. Biological implications of “catch-and-release” angling of Atlantic Salmon. Pages 100–138 in F. G. Whoriskey Jr. and K. B. Whelan, editors. Managing wild Atlantic Salmon—new challenges, new techniques. Atlantic Salmon Federation, St. Andrews, New Brunswick.
   Google Scholar
• Verspoor, E., L. Stradmeyer, and J. L. Nielsen. 2008. The Atlantic Salmon: genetics, conservation and management. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, K. 1978. Hooking mortality of lake-dwelling landlocked Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107:518–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, K., and P. R. Johnson. 1978. Mortality of landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) hooked on flies and worms in a river nursery area. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 107:772–775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, J. H. 1998. Catch and release: the survival and behavior of Atlantic Salmon angled and returned to the Aberdeenshire Dee in spring and early summer. Scottish Fisheries Research Report 62:1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Whoriskey, F. G., S. Prusov, and S. Crabbe. 2000. Evaluation of the effects of catch-and-release angling on the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) of the Ponoi River, Kola Peninsula, Russian Federation. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 9:118–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilde, G. R. 2003. Estimation of catch and release fishing mortality and its sampling variance. Pages 83–85 in A. P. M. Coleman, editor. Regional experiences for global solutions: proceedings of the 3rd world recreational fishing conference. Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development, Fisheries Group, Fisheries Report 67, Darwin, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkie, M. P., M. A. Brobbel, K. G. Davidson, L. Forsyth, and B. L. Tufts. 1997. Influences of temperature upon the postexercise physiology of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:503–511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkie, M. P., K. Davidson, M. A. Brobbel, J. D. Kieffer, R. K. Booth, A. T. Bielak, and B. L. Tufts. 1996. Physiology and survival of wild Atlantic Salmon following angling in warm summer waters. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125:572–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, C. M. 1991. Acid-base and ion balance, metabolism, and their interactions, after exhaustive exercise in fish. Journal of Experimental Biology 160:285–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, C. M., J. D Turner, and M. S. Graham. 1983. Why do fish die after severe exercise? Journal of Fish Biology 22:189–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar