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Original Articles

The Present System Revisited Part One: Incremental Change

Pages 80-84 | Published online: 23 Jan 2018

  • David Braybrooke and Charles E. Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision: Policy Evaluation as A Social Process (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1970), p. 122.
  • Tom Goodnight, Bill Balthrop, and Donn W. Parson, “The Problem of Inherency: Strategy and Substance,” Journal of the American Forensic Association, 10 (Spring 1974), 236.
  • Charles L. Schultz, The Politics and Economics of Public Spending (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings InsUtution, 1968), p. 38.
  • Mike Pfau, “A Systematic Approach to Debating the Second Negative,” Advanced Debate, ed. David A. Thomas, Revised Ed. (Skokie, III.: National Textbook Company, 1979), p. 195.
  • Braybrooke and Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision, p. 71.
  • Braybrooke and Lindblom argue that an incremental approach is very predictable. I do not dispute their contention.
  • David Zarefsky, “Argument as Hypothesis Testing,” a paper presented to the Speech Communication Association convention in San Francisco on December 28, 1976, page 10.
  • For a detailed explanation see Bernard L. Brock, James W. Chesebro, John F. Cragen, and James F. Klumpp, Public Policy Decision-Making. System Analysis and Comparative Advantages Debate (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1973).
  • Daniel M. Rohrer, “Spread Debate and Public Debate: A Comparative Viewpoint,” a paper presented to the Speech Communication Association convention in Minneapolis in November 1978, pp. 10–11.
  • Brock, et al.. Public Policy Decision-Making, p. 157.
  • David Zarefsky, “The Role of Causal Argument in Policy Controversies,” Journal of the American Forensic Association, 13 (Spring 1977), 184.
  • Braybrooke and Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision, p. 85.
  • Thomas R. Dye, Understanding Public Policy, 3rd ed. (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1978), p. 16.
  • Braybrooke and Lindblom, A Strategy of Decision, p. 123.
  • Braybrooke and Lindblom, p. 239.

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