References
- The American Presidency Project , (n.d.). http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/debates.php
- Ayers, Jr., B. D. (1992, September 4). Bush rejects panel's plan for 3 debates. New York Times , p. A1.
- Balz, D. (2011, October 17). GOP debates become key proving ground. Washington Post , http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/gop-debates-become-key-proving-ground/2011/10/17/gIQAXpvosL_story.html
- Barabak, M. Z. (2008, September 26). Who'd win in a one-man debate? Los Angeles Times , http://articles.latimes.com/2008/sep/26/nation/na-debate26/2
- Beckman, A. (1980, February 29). Bush says N.H. was a “disaster.” Chicago Tribune , p. 2.
- Bennett, W. L. (1981). Assessing presidential character: Degradation rituals in political campaigns. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 67(3), 310–321.
- Berke, R. L. (1988, August 25). Dukakis says Bush lags on a debate. New York Times , p. 14.
- Berquist, G. F. , & Golden, J. L. (1981). Media rhetoric, criticism and the public perception of the 1980 presidential debates. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 67(2), 125–137.
- Blankenship, J. , Fine, M. G. , & Davis, L. K. (1983). The 1980 Republican primary debates: The transformation of actor to scene. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 69(1), 25–36.
- Brummett, B. (1980). Towards a theory of silence as a political strategy. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 66(3), 289–303.
- Buchanan, P. (1980, February 14). Believers battle the pragmatic. Chicago Tribune , p. B4.
- Bumiller, E. , & Cooper, M. (2008, September 25). Obama rebuffs McCain on debate delay. New York Times.com , http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/us/politics/25mccain.html
- Bush on debate snub: Reagan tricked me. (1980, February 27). Pacific Stars and Stripes , p. 6.
- Carter, J. (1982). Public papers of the presidents of the United States, Jimmy Carter, 1980–81. Washington, DC: GPO.
- Carter target of Reagan-Anderson debate. (1980, September 22). The [West Palm Beach, FL] Post , pp. A1, A2.
- de Certeau, M. (1984). The practice of everyday life ( S. Rendall , Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Ciccone, F. R. (1980a, February 24). The New Hampshire primary election: A preview. Chicago Tribune , p. A2.
- Ciccone, F. R. (1980b, March 2). Reagan puts on a white hat. Chicago Tribune , p. A6.
- Ciccone, F. R. , & Margolis, J. (1980, February 24). Barred from debate, GOP rivals blast Bush. Chicago Tribune , p. 2.
- Clymer, A. (1980a, February 22). Reagan to finance his debate tomorrow with Bush. New York Times , p. A14.
- Clymer, A. (1980b, September 23). On the morning after, Anderson-Reagan gains are matter of debate. New York Times , p. B9.
- Debate debacle. (1980, February 26). Chicago Tribune , p. A2.
- Debate features whole GOP field. (1980, February 20). Chicago Tribune , p. 6.
- Debate is on. (2008, September 26). MSNBC , http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26900453/ns/politics-the-debates/t/debate-McCain-agrees-participate/
- Dionne, Jr., E.J. (1988, September 4). Bush and Dukakis run even as race heats up. New York Times , pp. 1, 30.
- Erickson, K. V. (2000). Presidential rhetoric's visual turn: Performance fragments and the politics of illusionism. Communication Monographs , 67(2), 138–157.
- Erickson, K. V. , & Schmidt, W. V. (1982). Presidential political silence: Rhetoric and the Rose Garden strategy. Southern Speech Communication Journal , 47(4), 402–421.
- Falcone, M. (2008, September 25). Obama adviser predicts McCain will show up. New York Times.com , http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/obama-adviser-predicts-mccain-will-show-up/
- For many in Iowa, Carter lost debate. (1980, September 23). New York Times , p. B9.
- Glenn, C. (2004). Unspoken: A rhetoric of silence. . Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
- Goodnight, G. T. , Majdik, Z. P. , & Kephart III, J. M. (2009). Presidential debates as public argument. In S. Jacobs (Ed.), Concerning argument (pp. 267–279). Washington, DC: National Communication Association.
- Grove, L. (1988a, August 25). Bush declines to debate Dukakis before Sept. 20. Washington Post , p. A1.
- Grove, L. (1988b, August 31). Campaigns negotiate on debates. Washington Post , p. A17.
- Grove, L. (1988c, September 2). Bush team's debate offer comes with strings. Washington Post , p. A6.
- Grove, L. (1988d, September 7). Dukakis accepts Bush's limit of 2 debates. Washington Post , p. A6.
- Grove, L. (1988e, September 9). Presidential debate dates set. Washington Post , p. A1.
- Gunderson, R. G. (1961). Lincoln and the policy of eloquent silence: November, 1860, to March, 1961. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 47(1), 1–9.
- Heilemann, J. , & Halperin, M. (2010). Game change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the race of a lifetime. . New York, NY: Harper-Collins.
- Herbeck, D. A. (1994). Presidential debate as political ritual: Clinton vs. Bush vs. Perot. In S. A. Smith (Ed.), Bill Clinton on stump, state, and stage: The rhetorical road to the White House (pp. 249–272). Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
- Herbeck, D. A. , & Mehltretter, S. A. (2005). “A beard and a pasty forehead”: Collective memory of the first Kennedy-Nixon debate. Paper presented at the International Communication Association Annual Conference, New York, NY.
- Hertzberg, H. (2012, February 13 & 20). The debate debate. New Yorker , 88, 31–32.
- Hinck, E. A. (1993). Enacting the presidency: Political argument, presidential debates, and presidential character. . Westport, CT: Praeger.
- “I paid for this microphone”: The Reagan v. Bush controversy. (1980, February 23). NBC News [with T. Snyder/G. Utley/D. Oliver]. Available from NBC Learn K-12 at http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/flatview?cuecard=4511
- Isaacson, W. (1980, September 22). Two for the show. Time , 8–9.
- Jamieson, K. H. , & Birdsell, D. S. (1988). Presidential debates: The challenge of creating an informed electorate. . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Kilian, M. (1980, March 2). What N.H. vote really meant, if anything. Chicago Tribune , p. A4.
- Knickerbocker, B. (2011, November 10). Rick Perry “oops” debate moment: Has it done him in? Christian Science Monitor , http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2011/1110/Rick-Perry-oops-debate-moment-Has-it-done-him-in
- Koppelman, A. (2012, October 15). Political ad of the week: The sounds of silence. New Yorker.com , http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/10/political-ad-of-the-week-the-sounds-of-silence.html
- Kurtz, H. (2012, October 8). A devastating presidential parody [Opinion piece]. The Daily Beast , http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/10/08/nightmare-snl-s-daydreaming-obama.html
- Lehrer, J. (2011). Tension city: Inside the presidential debates, from Kennedy-Nixon to Obama-McCain: My view from the middle seat. . New York, NY: Random House.
- Lucaites, J. L. (1989). Rhetorical legitimacy, <public trust> and the presidential debates. Journal of the American Forensic Association , 25(4), 231–238.
- Magnuson, E. (1980, September 8). The great debates debate. Time , 16–17.
- Margolis, J. (1980a, February 27). Carter and Reagan win easily in New Hampshire. Chicago Tribune , pp. 1, 10.
- Margolis, J. (1980b, February 28). Bush image hurt by GOP debate. Chicago Tribune , p. 2.
- Margolis, J. (1988, August 24). Bush campaign hasn't agreed to dates for presidential debate. SunSentinel.com , http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1988-08-24/news/8802180467_1_dukakis-campaign-bush-campaign-presidential-debates
- Margolis, J. , & Ciccone, F. R. (1980, February 25). Bush “the heavy” in GOP rivalry. Chicago Tribune , p. 2.
- McGrory, M. (1980, September 19). Debate coyness harming Carter [Opinion piece]. Miami News , p. 13A.
- Mears, W. R. (1980a, February 24). Hot remarks burn Bush. Lawrence [KS] Daily Journal-World , p. 1A.
- Mears, W. (1980b, February 27). Politics, of course, the only reason [Opinion piece]. Garden City Telegram , p. 14.
- Meyrowitz, J. (1985). No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behavior. . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Minow, N. N. , & LaMay, C. L. (2008). Inside the presidential debates: Their improbable past and promising future. . Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Morganthau, T. (1980, January 14). Mr. stay-at-home. Newsweek , 40.
- Obama rebuffs McCain on debate plans. (2008, September 24). CBS News , http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/09/24/politics/main4475502.shtml
- Olson, L. C. (1997). On the margins of rhetoric: Audre Lorde transforming silence into language and action. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 83(1), 49–70.
- Oreskes, M. (1988a, September 7). Dukakis agrees to only two debates with Bush. New York Times , p. 1.
- Oreskes, M. (1988b, September 15). Dukakis and Bush agree on the rules for debates on TV. New York Times , p. 1.
- Parker, J. (2008, September 24). McCain: Scrap Friday debate for bailout. ABCNews.go.com , http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2008/09/mccain-not-comm/
- Pozner, J. L. (2010). Reality bites back: The troubling truth about guilty pleasure TV. . Berkeley, CA: Seal Press.
- The Racine Group. (2002). White paper on televised political campaign debates. Argumentation and Advocacy , 38(4), 199–218.
- Reagan , Anderson debate on issues. (1980, September 22). Lodi [CA] News-Sentinel , p. 1.
- Reagan , Anderson stage 2-way debate. (1980, September 22). Bangor [ME] Daily News , pp. 1, 3.
- Reagan , Bush debate debate. (1980, February 24). Wisconsin State Journal , sec. 1, p. 18.
- Republicans at each other's throats on eve of NH primary. (1980, February 26). Galveston Daily News , p. 2A.
- Roper, B. W. (1976, May/June). How Reagan missed “victory” in New Hampshire. Columbia Journalism Review , 75(1), 10.
- Schroeder, A. (1996). Watching between the lines: Presidential debates as television. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , 1(4), 57–75.
- Scott, R. L. (1972). Rhetoric and silence. Western Speech , 36(3), 146–158.
- Shear, M. D. (2011, November 12). A taste for reality TV seen in popularity of presidential debates. New York Times , p. 14.
- Shear, M. D. , & Murray, S. (2008, September 27). In first debate, candidates quarrel on Iraq, express optimism for bailout. Washington Post , p. A1.
- Sidoti, L. (2008, September 25). McCain-Obama debate prospects uncertain. Huffington Post , http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/25/mccainobama-debate-prospe_n_129474.html
- Silva, M. (2012, October 19). Romney's debate play: Silent Obama. Go.bloomberg.com , http://go.bloomberg.com/polidcal-capital/2012-10-19/romneys-debate-play-silent-obama/
- Silverstein, M. (2011). Presidential ethno-blooperology: Performance misfires in the business of “message”ing. Anthropological Quarterly , 84(1), 165–186.
- Smith, H. (1980a, February 24). Excluded from G.O.P. debate, four attack Bush. New York Times , pp. 1, 14.
- Smith, H. (1980b, February 27). Charging back from defeat. New York Times , pp. A1, A18.
- Smith, H. (1980c, September 10). Carter declines to debate after Anderson is invited. New York Times , pp. A1, B7.
- Smith, H. (1980d, September 23). Reagan, Anderson buoyed by debate. New York Times , pp. A1, B8.
- Smith, T. (1980, September 23). Carter, in California, sharpens Reagan attack. New York Times , p. B8.
- Spelling, Jr., G. (1980, September 12). Debates: Reagan-Anderson? Reagan-Carter? All three? Or nobody? Christian Science Monitor , p. 3.
- Stein, S. (2008a, September 25). Obama will make debate a townhall if McCain doesn't show. Huffington Post , http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/25/obama-willmake-debate-a_n_129250.html
- Stein, S. (2008b, September 26). Ex-adviser: McCain “blinked,” campaign “governed by tactics, not ideology.” Huffington Post , http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/09/26/ex-adviser-mccain-blinked_n_129611.html
- Sullivan, P. A. , & Turner, L. H. (1999). The Zoe Baird spectacle: Silences, sins, and status. Western Journal of Communication , 63(4), 413–432.
- TheMacallan223. (2008, February 22). Reagan's Nashua moment [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=002_49TycdE
- Toner, R. (1988, November 12). Dukakis aides acknowledge Bush outmaneuvered them. New York Times , p. 1.
- Tronto, J. C. (1993). Moral boundaries: A political argument for an ethic of care. . New York, NY: Roudedge.
- Volpe, P. (2008, September 26). McCain blinks. Washington Post , http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/eye-on-2008/debate-is-on.html
- Weaver, Jr., W. (1980, February 20). Financial support problem imperils campaign debates. New York Times , p. A18.
- Wharton, E. (1980, September 11). Carter not to attend Reagan-Anderson debate. Nashua [NH] Telegraph , p. 2.
- Wheaton, K. , & Bush, M. (2008, September 29). Campaign “suspension” met with skepticism. Advertising Age , 79(36), 8.
- Zaeske, S. (2010). Hearing the silences in Lincoln's Temperance Address: Whig masculinity as an ethic of rhetorical civility. Rhetoric & Public Affairs , 13(3), 389–420.