The impact of social media use on depression, anxiety, and well-being for teens/young people: using hypnosis to build a strong sense of self

References

• Abrams, Z. (2020). How well is telepsychology working? American Psychological Association, 51(5), Print version: 46.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, V., Tripp, S., & Zak, P. (2015). Preliminary evidence for the neurophysiologic effects of online coupons: Changes in oxytocin, stress, and mood. Psychology & Marketing, 32(9), 977–986. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anbar, R. (2021). Hypnosis for children through telehealth: A personal perspective on pediatric hypnosis. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/understanding-hypnosis/202110/hypnosis-children-through-telehealth
   Google Scholar
• Bhatt, H. (2022). How can online platforms stop bullying? SpectrumLabs, blog.
   Google Scholar
• Caporino, N., Exley, S., & Latzman, R. (2020). Youth anxiety about political news. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 51(5), 683–698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00972-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, C., Kenkel, W. M., MacLean, E. L., Wilson, S. R., Perkeybile, A. M., Yee, J. R., Ferris, C. F., Nazarloo, H. P., Porges, S. W., Davis, J. M., Connelly, J. J., & Kingsbury, M. A. (2020). Is oxytocin “nature’s medicine”? Pharmacological Reviews, 74(4), 829–861. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.120.01939
   Google Scholar
• CDC Press Release. (2022, March 31). New CDC data illuminate youth mental health threats during the COVID-19 pandemic. US Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• CDC Press Release. (2023, February 23). US teen girls experiencing increased sadness and violence. US Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Chiapperta, M. (2017). The technostress: Definition, symptoms and risk prevention. Senses & Sciences, 4(1), 358–361. https://doi.org/10.1461/sands-2017-1-358361
   Google Scholar
• Connelly, C. (2022, November 21). Hypnosis-based treatments for internet addiction disorder: Systematic review. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/re.3.rs-2291875/v1
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham, S., Hudson, C., & Harkness, K. (2021). Social media and depression symptoms: A meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00715-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• David, M., & Roberts, J. (2017). Phubbed and alone: Phone snubbing, social exclusion, and attachment to social media. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1086/690940
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, E., & Jackson, H. (2023, February 23). Social media is driving teen mental health crisis, surgeon general warns. Health News.
   Google Scholar
• Elkins, G., Roberts, R., & Simicich, L. (2018). Indful self-hypnosis for self-care: An integrative model and illustrative case example. The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2018.1456896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. (1968). Childhood and society. W.W. Norton & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Escobar-Viera, C., Shensa, A., Bowman, N., Sidani, J., Knight, J., James, E., & Primack, B. (2018). Passive and active social media use and depressive symptoms among United States adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(7), 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2017.0668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederick, C., & McNeal, S. (1999). Inner strengths: Contemporary psychotherapy and hypnosis for ego-strengthening. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Godleski, L., Darkins, A., & Peters, J. (2012). Outcomes of 98,609 U.S. department of veterans affairs patients enrolled in telemental health services, 2006-2010. Psychiatric Services, 63(4), 303–403. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfus, T. (2017). From real life to cyberspace (and back again): Helping our young clients develop a strong inner selfie. Zeig, Tucker & Theisen, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Greenwood, H., Krzyzaniak, N., Peiris, R., Clark, J., Scott, A. M., Cardona, M., Griffith, R., & Glasziou, P. (2022). Telehealth versus face-to-face psychotherapy for less common mental health conditions: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 9(3), e31780. https://doi.org/10.2196/31780
   Google Scholar
• Harkey, L., Jung, S., Newton, E., & Patterson, A. (2020). Patient satisfaction with telehealth in rural settings: A systematic review. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 12(2), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2020.6303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes, T. (2018). Dopamine, smartphones & you: A battle for your time. Blog, Harvard University, The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Science in the News).
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, P. (2014). Childhood anxiety and psychophysiological reactivity: Hypnosis to build discrimination and self-regulation skills. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 56(4), 343–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2014.884487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp, S. (2023, January 26). Digital 2023 global overview. Reportal.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsch, I., & Low, C. (2013). Suggestion in the treatment of depression. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 55(3), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2012.738613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohler, M., Turner, I., & Webster, G. (2021). Social comparison and state-trait dynamics: Viewing image-conscious Instagram accounts affects college students’ mood and anxiety. Psychology of Popular Media, 10(3), 340–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000310
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, J., Barnstable, G., Minter, E., Cooper, J., & McEwan, D. (2022). Taking a one-week break from social media improves well-being, depression, and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(5), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2021.0324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, P. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma. North Atlantic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, L. (2015). Using hypnosis with children. Creating and delivering effective interventions. W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, L. (2023). The anxiety audit: 7 sneaky ways anxiety takes hold and how to escape them. Health Communications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Marciano, L., Ostroumova, M., Schulz, P., & Camerini, A. (2022). Digital media use and adolescents’ mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868
   Google Scholar
• Maza, M. T., Fox, K. A., Kwon, S.-J., Flannery, J. E., Lindquist, K. A., Prinstein, M. J., & Tezler, E. H. (2023). Association of habitual checking behaviors on social media with longitudinal functional brain development. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.100/jamapediatrics.2022.4924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milling, L., Valentine, K., McCarley, H., & LoStimolo, L. (2019). A meta-analysis of hypnotic interventions for depression symptoms: High hopes for hypnosis? American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2018.1489777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchel, K., Finkelhor, D., Wolak, J., Ybarra, M., & Turner, H. (2011). Youth internet victimization in a broader victimization context. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore-Petinak, N., Waselewski, M., Patterson, B., & Chang, T. (2020). Active shooter drills in the United States: A national study of youth experiences and perceptions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(4), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.10.16/j.jadohealth.2020.06.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, S. (2023, March 25). Utah’s social media for kids law could be coming to a state near you: Utah’s strict new social media laws have some scary implications for the whole country. Vox.
   Google Scholar
• Payne, P., Levine, P., & Crane-Godreau, M. (2015, February). Somatic experiencing: Using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(6), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00093
   Google Scholar
• Peper, E., & Harvey, R. (2018). Digital addiction: Increased loneliness, anxiety, and depression. NeuroRegulation, 5(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.5.1.3
   Google Scholar
• Porges, S. (2017). Vagal pathways: Portals to compassion. In E. Seppala, E. Simon-Thomas, S. Brown, M. Worline, C. Cameron, & J. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 189–202). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Primack, B., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C., Barrett, E., Sidani, J., Colditz, J., & James, A. (2017). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 69(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013
   Google Scholar
• Real Research Author. (2022, August 18). Over 38% say teenagers spend more than 8 hours on social media daily. Real Research Media.
   Google Scholar
• Ridout, B. (2019, July 11). Dealing with smartphone stress. NewsGP, Research Fellow, Deputy Chair, Cyberspsychology Group, University of Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Rosen, L. (2012). iDisorder: Understanding our obsession with technology and overcoming its hold on us. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Schaeffer, K. (2022, April 25). In CDC survey, 37% of U.S. high school students report regular mental health struggles during COVID-19 pandemic. Pew Research Center
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, F., Zwillich, B., Bindl, M., Hopp, F., Reich, S., & Vorderer, P. (2017). Social media ostracism: The effects of being excluded online. Computers in Human Behavior, 73(August), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.052
   Google Scholar
• Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C., Sidani, J., Bowman, N., Marshal, M., & Primack, B. (2017). Problematic social media use and depressive symptoms among US young adults: A nationally representative study. Social Science & Medicine, 182(6), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siegel, D. (1999). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Slonena, E., & Elkins, G. (2021). Effects of a brief mindful hypnosis intervention on stress reactivity: A randomized active control study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69(4), 453–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2021.1952845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tovar, M., Rosillo, M., & Spaniardi, A. (2023). Social media’s influence on identity formation and self-expression. Teens, Screens, and Social Connection, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24804-7_4
   Google Scholar
• Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Valentine, K., Milling, L., Clark, L., & Moriarty, C. (2019). The efficacy of hypnosis as a treatment for anxiety: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 67(3), 336–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2019.1613863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vannucci, A., Flannery, K., & Ohannessian, C. (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207(1), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.040
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Veissiere, S., & Stendel, M. (2018). Hypernatural monitoring: A social rehearsal account of smartphone addiction. Frontiers in Psychology, 141(9). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00141
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein, E., Kleiman, E., Franz, P., Joyce, V., Nash, C., Buonopane, R., & Nock, M. (2021). Positive and negative uses of social media among adolescents hospitalized for suicidal behavior. Journal of Adolescence, 87(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zak, P. (2015, January-February). Why inspiring stories make us react: The neuroscience of narrative. Cerebrum: The Dana Forum on Brain Science, 2. PMCID: PMC4445577; PMID: 26034526. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00683-0
   Google Scholar
• Zeig, J. (2018). The anatomy of experiential impact through Ericksonian psychotherapy: Seeing, doing, being. The Milton H. Erickson Foundation Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zhong, B., Huang, Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). Mental health toll from the coronavirus: Social media usage reveals Wuhan residents’ depression and secondary trauma in the COVID-19 outbreak. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar