Recent Developments in Automated Determinations of Trace Level Concentrations of Elements and On‐Line Fractionation Schemes Exploting the Micro‐Sequential Injection—Lab‐On‐Valve Approach

References

• Beauchemin , D. , Kyser , K. and Chipley , D. 2002 . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with on‐line leaching: A method to assess the mobility and fractionation of elements . Anal. Chem. , 74 ( 15 ) : 3924 – 3928 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chomchoei , R. , Hansen , E. H. and Shiowatana , J. 2004 . Utilizing a sequential injection system furnished with an extraction microcolumn as a novel approach for executing sequential extractions of metal species in solid samples . Anal. Chim. Acta , 526 ( 2 ) : 177 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Chomchoei , R. , Miró , M. , Hansen , E. H. and Shiowatana , J. 2005 . Automated sequential injection‐microcolumn approach with on‐line flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection for implementing metal fractionation schemes of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous solid samples of environmental interest . Anal. Chem. , 77 ( 9 ) : 2720 – 2726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chomchoei , R. , Miró , M. , Hansen , E. H. and Shiowatana , J. 2005 . Sequential injection system incorporating a micro‐extraction column for automatic fractionation of metal ions in solid samples. Comparison of the extraction profiles when employing uni‐, bi‐, and multi‐bi‐directional flow plus stopped‐flow sequential extraction modes . Anal. Chim. Acta , 536 ( 1–2 ) : 183 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong , L.‐M. and Yan , X.‐P. 2005 . On‐line coupling of flow injection sequential extraction to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry for fractionation of arsenic in soils . Talanta , 65 ( 3 ) : 627 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , Z.‐L. 1993 . “ Liquid‐liquid extraction ” . In Flow Injection Separation and Preconcentration 74 – 81 . Weinheim : VCH . Ch. 3
   Google Scholar
• Fang , Z.‐L. 1993 . “ Sorption ” . In Flow Injection Separation and Preconcentration 90 – 128 . Weinheim : VCH . Ch. 4
   Google Scholar
• Fang , Z.‐L. , Xu , S.‐K. and Tao , G.‐H. 1996 . Developments and trends in flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry [Review] . J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , E. H. and Wang , J.‐H. 2002 . Implementation of suitable flow injection/sequential injection‐sample separation/preconcentration schemes for determination of trace metal concentrations using detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . Anal. Chim. Acta , 467 ( 1–2 ) : 3 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , E. H. and Wang , J.‐H. 2004 . The three generations of flow injection analysis . Anal. Lett. , 37 ( 3 ) : 345 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivanova , E. , Benkhedda , K. and Adams , F. 1998 . Determination of copper, manganese and nickel in biological samples and sea‐water by flow injection online sorption preconcentration in a knotted reactor coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , 13 ( 6 ) : 527 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimoh , M. , Frenzel , W. , Müller , V. , Stephanowitz , H. and Hoffmann , E. 2004 . Development of a hyphenated microanalytical system for the investigation of leaching kinetics of heavy metals in environmental samples . Anal. Chem. , 76 ( 4 ) : 1197 – 1203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenehan , C. E. , Barnett , N. W. and Lewis , S. W. 2002 . Sequential injection analysis . Analyst , 127 ( 8 ) : 997 – 1020 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , X.‐B. , Chomchoei , R. , Gała , P. and Hansen , E. H. 2004 . Evaluation of a novel PTFE material for use as a means for separation and preconcentration of trace levels of metals ions in sequential injection (SI) and sequential injection lab‐on‐valve (SI‐LOV) systems. Determination of cadmium(II) with detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) . Anal. Chim. Acta , 523 : 279 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , X.‐B. , Miró , M. and Hansen , E. H. 2005 . An automatic micro‐sequential injection bead injection lab‐on‐valve (µSI‐BI‐LOV) assembly for speciation analysis of ultra trace levels of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) incorporating on‐line chemical reduction and employing detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) . J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , 20 ( 11 ) : 1203 – 1211 .
   Google Scholar
• Long , X.‐B. , Miró , M. and Hansen , E. H. 2006 . On‐line dynamic extraction and automated determination of readily bioavailable hexavalent chromium in solid substrates using micro‐sequential injection bead‐injection lab‐on‐valve hyphenated with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . Analyst , 131 ( 1 ) : 132 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , X‐B. , Miró , M. and Hansen , E. H. 2005 . Universal approach for selective trace metal determinations via sequential injection‐bead injection‐lab‐on‐valve using renewable hydrophobic bead surfaces as reagent carriers . Anal. Chem. , 77 ( 18 ) : 6032 – 6040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miró , M. , Estela , J. M. and Cerdà , V. 2005 . Recent advances in on‐line solvent extraction exploiting flow injection/sequential injection analysis . Current Anal. Chem. , 1 ( 3 ) : 329 – 343 .
   Google Scholar
• Miró , M. , Hansen , E. H. , Chomchoei , R. and Frenzel , W. 2005 . Dynamic flow‐through approaches for metal fractionation in environmentally relevant solid samples . Trends Anal. Chem. , 24 ( 8 ) : 759 – 771 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miró , M. , Jończyk , S. , Wang , J.‐H. and Hansen , E. H. 2003 . Exploiting the BI approach in the integrated SI‐LOV format using hydrophobic packing materials for on‐line matrix removal and preconc. of trace levels of Cd in environ. and biol. samples via formation of non‐charged chelates prior to ETAAS detection . J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , 18 ( 2 ) : 89 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohl , P. 2004 . Recent advances in chemical vapour generation via reaction with sodium tetrahydroborate . Trends Anal. Chem. , 23 ( 1 ) : 21 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruzicka , J. 2000 . Lab‐on‐valve: universal microflow analyzer based on sequential and bead injection . Analyst , 125 ( 6 ) : 1053 – 1060 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trojanowicz , M. 2000 . “ Solid‐phase extraction ” . In Flow Injection Analysis: Instrumentation and Applications 236 – 247 . Singapore : World Scientific . Ch. 6
   Google Scholar
• Tsalev , D. L. 1999 . Hyphenated vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometric techniques . J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , 14 ( 2 ) : 147 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Vereda‐Alonso , E. , García de Torres , A. and Cano‐Pavón , J. M. 2001 . Flow injection on‐line electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . Talanta , 55 ( 2 ) : 219 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan , Z. , Xu , Z.‐R. and Wang , J.‐H. 2006 . Flow injection on‐line solid phase extraction for ultra‐trace lead screening with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry . Analyst , 131 ( 1 ) : 141 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J.‐H. and Hansen , E. H. 2003 . Sequential injection lab‐on‐valve: the third generation of flow injection . Trends Anal. Chem. , 22 ( 4 ) : 225 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , J.‐H. and Hansen , E. H. 2005 . Trends and perspectives of flow injection/sequential injection on‐line sample‐pretreatment schemes coupled to ETAAS . Trends Anal. Chem. , 24 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Wang , J.‐H. and Fang , Z.‐L. 2005 . Octadecyl immobilized surface for precipitate collection with a renewable microcolumn in a lab‐on‐valve coupled to an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer for ultratrace cadmium determination . Anal. Chem. , 77 : 5396 – 5401 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , X.‐P. and Jiang , Y. 2001 . Flow injection on‐line preconcentration and separation coupled with atomic (mass) spectrometry for trace element (speciation) analysis based on sorption of organo‐metallic complexes in a knotted reactor . Trends Anal. Chem. , 20 ( 10 ) : 552 – 562 .
   Google Scholar