References
- An , H. K. , Park , B. Y. and Kim , D. S. 2001 . Crab shell for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution . Water Res. , 35 : 3551
- Anthemidis , A. N. , Zachariadis , G. A. and Stratis , J. A. 2001 . On‐line solid phase extraction system using PTFE packed column for the flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper in water samples . Talanta , 54 : 935
- Anthemidis , A. N. , Zachariadis , G. A. and Stratis , J. A. 2002 . Cobalt ultra‐trace on‐line preconcentration and determination using a PTFE turnings packed column and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Applications in natural waters and biological samples . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. , 17 : 1330
- Cassela , R. J. , Salim , V. A. , Jesu'ıno , L. S. , Santelli , R. E. , Ferreira , S. L.C. and Carvalho , M. S. 2001 . Flow injection determination of cobalt after its sorption onto polyurethane foam loaded with 2‐(2‐thiazolylazo)‐p‐cresol . Talanta , 54 : 61
- Edson , L. D.S. , Edgard , M. G. and Eduardo , C. 2004 . Use of Nb2O5–SiO2 in an automated on‐line preconcentration system for determination of copper and cadmium by FAAS . Talanta , 62 : 727
- Fang , Z. 1993 . Flow Injection Separation and Preconcentration Chichester : Wiley .
- Fang , Z. , Guo , T. and Welz , B. 1991 . Determination of cadmium, lead and copper in water samples by flame atomic‐absorption spectrometry with preconcentration by flow‐injection on‐line sorbent extraction . Talanta , 38 : 613
- Fang , Z. , Rizicka , J. and Hansen , E. H. 1984 . An efficient flow‐injection system with on‐line ion‐exchange preconcentration for the determination of trace amounts of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry . Anal. Chim. Acta , 164 : 23
- Ferreira , S. L.C. , Lemos , V. A. , Moreira , B. C. , Costa , A. C.S. and Santelli , R. E. 2000 . An on‐line continuous flow system for copper enrichment and determination by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy . Anal. Chim. Acta , 403 : 259
- Ferreira , S. L.C. , Lemos , V. A. , Santelli , R. E. , Ganzarolli , E. and Curtius , A. J. 2001 . An automated on‐line flow system for the pre‐concentration and determination of lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry . Microchem. J. , 68 : 41
- Iijima , S. 1991 . Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon . Nature (London) , 354 : 56
- Li , Y. H. , Wang , S. , Wei , J. , Zhang , X. , Wei , J. , Xu , C. , Luan , Z. and Wu , D. 2003 . Adsorption of fluoride from water by aligned carbon nanotubes . Mater. Res. Bull. , 38 : 469
- Li , Y. H. , Wang , S. , Wei , J. , Zhang , X. , Xu , C. , Luan , Z. , Wu , D. and Wei , B. 2002 . Lead adsorption on carbon nanotubes . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 357 : 263
- Liang , P. , Liu , Y. , Guo , L. , Zeng , J. and Lu , H. B. 2004 . Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid‐phase extraction adsorbent for the preconcentration of trace metal ions and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. , 19 : 1489
- Long , R. Q. and Yang , R. T. 2001 . Carbon Nanotubes as Superior Sorbent for Dioxin Removal . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 123 : 2058
- Melo , M. H.A. , Ferreira , S. L.C. and Santelli , R. E. 2000 . Determination of cadmium by FAAS after on‐line enrichment using a mini column packed with Amberlite XAD‐2 loaded with TAM . Microchem. J. , 65 : 59
- Peng , X. , Li , Y. , Luan , Z. , Di , Z. , Wang , H. , Tian , B. and Jia , Z. 2003 . Adsorption of 1,2‐dichlorobenzene from water to carbon nanotubes . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 376 : 154
- Pyrzynska , K. 1999 . Functionalized cellulose sorbents for on‐line preconcentration of trace metals for environmental analysis . Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. , 29 : 313
- Sperling , M. , Yan , X. and Welz , B. 1996 . Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead in high‐purity reagents with flow‐injection on‐line microcolumn preconcentration and separation using a macrocycle immobilized silica gel sorbent . Spectrochim. Acta Part B , 51 : 1875
- Wang , J. H. and Hansen , E. H. 2000 . Coupling on‐line preconcentration by ion‐exchange with ETAAS: A novel flow injection approach based on the use of a renewable microcolumn as demonstrated for the determination of nickel in environmental and biological samples . Anal. Chim. Acta , 424 : 223
- Wang , J. H. and Hansen , E. H. 2001 . On‐line ion exchange preconcentration in a sequential injection lab‐on‐valve microsystem incorporating a renewable column with ETAAS for the trace level determination bismuth in urine river sediment . At. Spectrosc. , 22 : 312
- Wang , J. H. and Hansen , E. H. 2002a . Sequential injection on‐line matrix removal and trace metal preconcentration using a PTFE beads packed column as demonstrated for the determination of cadmium by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. , 17 : 248
- Wang , J. H. and Hansen , E. H. 2002b . Coupling sequential injection on‐line preconcentration using a PTFE beads packed column to direct injection nebulization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . J. Anal. At. Spectrom. , 17 : 1278
- Xu , S. , Sperling , M. , Welz , B. and Fresenius , J. 1992 . Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cadmium and copper in biological reference materials using on‐line sorbent extraction preconcentration Fresenius . Anal. Chem. , 344 : 535
- Yan , X.‐P. and Jiang , Y. 2001 . Flow injection on‐line preconcentration and separation coupled with atomic (mass) spectrometry for trace element (speciation) analysis based on sorption of organo‐metallic complexes in a knotted reactor . Trends Anal. Chem. , 20 : 552
- Ye , Y. , Akbar , A. and Yin , X. 2002 . Cobalt determination with FI‐FAAS after on‐line sorbent preconcentration using 1‐nitroso‐2‐naphthol . Talanta , 57 : 945
- Zolotov , Y. A. and Kuzmin , N. M. 1992 . Preconcentration of Trace Elements Amsterdam : Elsevier .