Determination of Some Phenothiazines Compounds in Pharmaceuticals and Human Body Fluid by Electrocatalytic Oxidation at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Using Methylene Blue as a Mediator

REFERENCES

• Bard , A.J. and Faulkner , L.R. 1980 . Electrochemical Methods, Fundamentals and Applications . Wiley : New York .
   Google Scholar
• Basavaiah , K. and Krishnamurthy , G. 1998 . Extractive spectrophotometric determination of some phenothiazine derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations . Talanta , 46 : 665 – 670 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter , R.I. , Svehla , G. , Kerr , B. , and Woolfson , A.D. 1984 . Determination of promethazine by anodic differential-pulse voltammetry . Anal. Chim. Acta , 164 : 171 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belal , F. , El-Ashry , S.M. , Shehata , I.M. , El-Sherbeny , M.A. , and El-Sherbeny , D.T. 2000 . Differential-pulse polarographic determination of some N-substituted phenothiazine derivatives in dosage forms and urine through treatment with nitrous acid . Mikrochim. Acta , 135 : 147 – 154 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop , E. and Hussein , W. 1984 . Electroanalytical studies of phenothiazine neuroleptics at gold and platinium electrode . Analyst , 109 : 229 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couee , I. and Timpton , K.F. 1990 . The inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by some antipsychotic drugs . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 39 : 827 – 832 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dermis , S. and Biryol , I. 1989 . Voltammetric determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride . Analyst , 114 : 525 – 529 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dollery , C. (Ed.). 1991 . Therapeutic Drugs , Vol. 2 . Churchill Livingston , London , 36 .
   Google Scholar
• El-Shabouri , S.R. 1985 . Determination of certain phenothiazine drugs with diazotized p-nitroaniline . Talanta , 32 : 999 – 1001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensafi , A.A. 2003 . Determination of ascorbic acid by electrocatalytic voltammetry with methylene blue . Anal. Lett. , 36 : 591 – 604 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foye , W.O. 1991 . Principios de Qúýmica Farmaceutica , Editorial Reverte. Barcelona, 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Galus , Z. 1976 . Fundamentals of Electrochemical Analysis . New York : Ellis Harwood Press , 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Golabi , S.M. and Showkati-Shishvan , M. 1991 . Potentiometric titration of phenothiazine compounds in chloroform and its use in pharmaceutical analysis . Talanta , 38 : 1253 – 1256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman , L.S. and Gilman , A. 1970 . The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, , 4th ed. . London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Ju , H. , Zhou , J. , Cai , C. , and Chen , H. 1995. The electrochemical behavior of methylene blue at a microcyclinder carbon fiber electrode. Electroanalysis , 7: 1165–1172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karpinska , J. 2000 . The use of internal standard method for derivative-spectrophotometric determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride . Anal. Lett. , 33 : 1555 – 1566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert , T.J.R. and Castle , D.J. 2003 . Schizophrenia MJA 178 : S57 – S61 . Accessed on-line at: http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/178 09 050503/lam10582 fm.pdf .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Livertoux , M.H. and Bessiere , J. 1981 . Titrage coulometrique de composes acides d'interet pharmaceutique en milieu dimethylsulfoxyde . Talanta , 28 : 81 – 88 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehta , A.C. 1981 . High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chlorpromazine and thioridazine hydrochlorides in pharmaceutical formulations . Analyst , 106 : 1119 – 1121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller , H.J. 2000 . Aktuelle bewertung neuer/atypischer neuroleptika . Nervenarzt , 71 : 329 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni , Y. , Wang , L. , and Kokot , S. 2001 . Voltammetric determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and prometazine hydrochloride with the use of multivariate calibration . Anal. Chim. Acta , 439 : 159 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng , T.Z. , Yang , Z.P. , and Lu , R.S. 1990 . Stripping voltammetric determination of oerphenazine and some antipsychotic drugs at carbon paste electrodes . Acta Pharm. Sinica , 25 : 277 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Petit , C. , Murakami , K. , Erdem , A. , Kilinc , E. , Borondo , G.O. , Liegoeis , J.F. , and Kauffmann , J.M. 1998 . Horseradish peroxidase immobilized electrode for phenothiazine analysis . Electroanalysis , 10 : 1241 – 1248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pournaghi-Azar , M.H. and Sabzi , R. 2003 . Electrochemical characteristics of a cobalt pentacyanonitrosylferrate film on a modified glassy carbon electrode and its catalytic effect on the electrooxidation of hydrazine . J. Electroanal. Chem. , 543 : 115 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramappa , P.G. , Gowda , H.S. , and Nayak , A.N. 1980 . Spectrophotometric method for the determination of phenothiazines and its application to phenothiazine drugs . Analyst , 105 : 663 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandulescu , R.V. , Mirel , S.M. , Oprean , R.N. , and Lotrean , S. 2000 . Comparative electrochemical study of some phenothiazines with carbon paste, solid carbon paste and glass-like carbon electrodes . Coll. Czech Chem. Comm. , 65 : 1014 – 1028 .
   Google Scholar
• Shemisa , O.A. and L.A. Fahien . 1971 . Modifications of glutamate dehydrogenase by various drugs which affect behavior . Mol. Pharmacol. , 7 : 8 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamford , J.A. and Justice , J.B. 1996 . Probing brain chemistry with electroanalytical techniques. Voltammetry comes of age . J. Anal. Chem. , 68 : 359A – 363A .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson , D. and Reid , E. 1981 . Determination of chlorpromazine and its sulfoxide and 7-hydroxy metabolites by ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatography . Anal. Lett. , 14 : 741 – 761 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takamura , K. , Inoue , S. , and Kusu , F. 1984 . Electrochemical determination of chlorpromazine by anodically pretreated glassy carbon electrode . Bunseki Kagaku , 33 : 198 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walash , M.I. , Rizk , M. , Abou-Ouf , A.-M. , Belal , F. 1983. Titrimetric determination of some N-substituted phenothiazine derivatives. Analyst , 108: 626–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace , J.E. , Shimek , E.L. , Stavchansky , S. , Harris , S.C. 1981 . Determination of promethazine and other phenothiazine compounds by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection . Anal. Chem. , 53 : 960 – 962 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef , M.K. and Attia , I.A. 1975 . Determination of certain phenothiazine derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations . Indian Journal of Pharmacy , 37 : 121 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Zakhari , N.A. , Rizk , M. , Walash , M.I. , and Ibrahim , F. 1985 . Fluorimetric determination of certain phenothiazine derivatives using eosin . Anal. Lett. , 18 : 1405 – 1417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimova , N. , Nemec , I. , and Zima , J. 1986 . Determination of chlorpromazine and thioridazine by differential pulse voltammetry in acetonitrile medium . Talanta , 33 : 467 – 470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar