Screening of Carbamates and Ureas in Fresh and Processed Tomato Samples using Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Liquid Chromatography

REFERENCES

• Barriada-Pereira , M. , González-Castro , M.J. , Muniategui-Lorenzo , S. , López-Mahía , P. , Prada-Rodriguéz , D. , and Fernández-Fernandéz , E. 2005 . Determination of organochlorine pesticides in horticultural samples by microwave assisted extraction followed by GC-ECD . Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 85 : 325 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barriada-Pereira , M. , González-Castro , M.J. , Muniategui-Lorenzo , S. , López-Mahía , P. , Prada-Rodriguéz , D. , and Fernández-Fernandéz , E. 2007 . Comparison of pressurized liquid extraction and microwave assisted extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables . Talanta , 71 : 1345 – 1351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulaid , M. , Aguilera , A. , Busonera , V. , Camacho , F. , Monterreal , A.V. , and Valverde , A. 2007 . Assessing supercritical fluid extraction for the analysis of fipronil, kresoxim-methyl, acrinathrin, and pyridaben residues in melon . J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B , 42 : 809 – 815 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Y.I. , Su , Y.S. , and Jen , J.F. 2002 . Determination of dichlorvos by on-line microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection . J. Chromatogr. A , 976 : 349 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Comission . 2002 . Council Directive 2002/63/CE .
   Google Scholar
• FAO Economic and Social Department, The Statistics Division, FAOSTAT Database, http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html?lang=en&item=388&year=2005 ( 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Fritz , J.S. and Macka , M. 2000 . Solid-phase trapping of solutes for further chromatographic or electrophoretic analysis . J. Chromatogr. A , 902 : 137 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gou , Y. , Eisert , R. , and Pawliszyn , J. 2000 . Automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction–high-performance liquid chromatography for carbamate pesticide analysis . J. Chromatogr. A , 873 : 137 – 147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert , P. , Morais , S. , Paíga , P. , Alves , A. , and Santos , L. 2006a . Analysis of PCBs in soils and sediments by microwave-assisted extraction, headspace-SPME and high resolution gas chromatography with ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry . Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 86 : 391 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert , P. , Morais , S. , Paíga , P. , Alves , A. , and Santos , L. 2006b . Development and validation of a novel method for the analysis of chlorinated pesticides in soils using microwave-assisted extraction-headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry . Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 384 : 810 – 816 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juraske , R. , Antón , A. , Castells , F. , and Huijbregts , M.A.J. 2007. Human intake fractions of pesticides via greenhouse tomato consumption: Comparing model estimates with measurements for Captan. Chemosphere , 67: 1102–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambropoulou , D.A. , Sakkas , V.A. , Hela , D.G. , and Albanis , T.A. 2002 . Application of solid-phase microextraction in the monitoring of priority pesticides in the Kalamas River (N.W. Greece) . J. Chromatogr. A , 963 : 107 – 116 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lesueur , C. , Knittl , P. , Gartner , M. , Mentler , A. , and Fuerhacker , M. 2008 . Analysis of 140 pesticides from conventional farming foodstuff samples after extraction with the modified QuECheRS method . Food Control , 19 : 906 – 914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Ávila , V. , Young , R. , Beckert , W.F. 1994 . Microwave-assisted extraction of organic compounds from standard reference soils and sediments . Anal. Chem., 66 : 1097 – 1106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal , V. , Mohan , Y. , and Hemalatha , S. 2007 . Microwave-assisted extraction – an innovative and promising extraction tool for medicinal plant research . Pharmacognosy Reviews , 1 : 7 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , J.N. and Miller , J.C. 2000 . Statistics for Analytical Chemistry. , 4th Ed. Harlow : Pearson Education Limited .
   Google Scholar
• Molins , C. , Hogendoorn , E.A. , Dijkman , E. , Heusinkveld , H.A.G. , and Bauman , R.A. 2000 . Determination of linuron and related compounds in soil by microwave-assisted solvent extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection . J. Chromatogr. A , 869 : 487 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais , S. , Tavares , O. , and Delerue-Matos , C. 2005 . Voltammetric determination of dialifos in soils with a mercury film ultramicroelectrode . Anal. Lett. , 38 : 1275 – 1288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navalón , A. , Prieto , A. , Araujo , L. , and Vílchez , J.L. 2002 . Determination of pyrimethanil and kresoxim-methyl in green groceries by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . J. Chromatogr. A , 975 : 355 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang , G.F. , Fan , C.L. , Liu , Y.M. , Cao , Y.Z. , Zhang , J.J. , Fu , B.L. , Li , X.M. , Li , Z.Y. , and Wu , Y.P. 2006 . Multi-residue method for the determination of 450 pesticide residues in honey, fruit juice and wine by double-cartridge solid-phase extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry . Food Add. Contam. , 23 : 777 – 810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portuguese Ministry of Agriculture. Maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh food products. Available at http://www.dgpc.min-agricultura.pt (January 2008) .
   Google Scholar
• Pylypiw , Jr. , H.M. , Arsenault , T.L. , Thetford , C.M. , and Mattina , M.J.I. 1997 . Suitability of microwave-assisted extraction for multiresidue pesticide analysis of produce . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 45 : 3522 – 3528 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagratini , G. , Mañes , J. , Giardiná , D. , Damiani , P. , and Picó , Y. 2007 . Analysis of carbamate and phenylurea pesticide residues in fruit juices by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry . J. Chromatogr. A , 1147 : 135 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuling , S. , Xiaodong , M. , and Chongjiu , L. 2007 . Multi-residue determination method of pesticides in leek by gel permeation chromatography and solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detector . Food Control. , 18 : 448 – 453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler , C. , Mañes , J. , Picó , Y. 2005. Routine application using single quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to pesticides analysis in citrus fruits. J. Chromatogr. A , 1088: 224–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler , C. and Picó , Y. 2007 . Recent trends in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine pesticides and metabolites in food . Trends Anal. Chem. , 26 : 103 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srogi , K. 2006 . A review: Application of microwave techniques for environmental analytical chemistry . Anal. Lett. , 39 : 1261 – 1288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , L. and Lee , H.K. 2003 . Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction of carbamate pesticides in soil by experimental design methodology . J. Chromatogr. A. 1014 : 165 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomlin , C.D.S. (Ed.). 1997 . The Pesticide Manual, 11th ed. Farnham, British Crop Protection Council.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. EPA . 2000 . EPA Method 3546. Microwave extraction. Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory .
   Google Scholar
• Vas , G. and Vékey , K. 2004 . Solid-phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis . J. Mass Spectrom. , 39 : 233 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vryzas , Z. and Papadopoulou-Mourkidou , E. 2002 . Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in soils by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) coupled to gas chromatographic analysis with either GC-NPD or GC-MS . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 5026 – 5033 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar