Development of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Six Benzodiazepines in Human Plasma After Solid-Phase Extraction

REFERENCES

• Ahrens , B. , H. J. Schwandt , and H. Schütz . 2000 . Screening, identification and quantitation of benzodiazepines in serum by solid phase extraction on a cyanopropyl phase using high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection . Arzneim.-Forsch. 50 : 1057 – 1062 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atta Politou , J. , M. Parissi-Poulou , A. Dona , and A. Koutselinis . 1999 . A modified simple and rapid reversed phase liquid chromatographic method for quantification of diazepam and nordiazepam in plasma . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 20 : 389 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrey , D. , E. Meyer , W. Lambert , S. Van Calenbergh , C. Van Peteghem , and A. P. De Leenheer . 2001 . Sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening of acetylated benzodiazepines . J. Chromatogr. A 910 : 105 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , M. A. , M. R. Hackman , R. E. Weinfeld , and T. Macasieb . 1977. Determination of clorazepate and its major metabolites in blood and urine by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 135: 123–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugey , A. , and C. Staub . 2004 . Rapid analysis of benzodiazepines in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography: Use of a monolithic column . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 35 : 555 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , W.-C. , T.-S. Yau , M.-K. Wong , L.-P. Chan , and Vk. K. Mok . 2006 . A high-throughput urinalysis of abused drugs based on a SPE-LC–MS/MS method coupled with an in-house developed post-analysis data treatment system . Forensic Sci. Int. 162 : 95 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chèze , M. , M. Villain , and G. Pépin . 2004 . Determination of bromazepam, clonazepam and metabolites after a single intake in urine and hair by LC–MS/MS. Application to forensic cases of drug facilitated crimes . Forensic Sci. Int. 145 : 123 – 130 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Gizawy , S. M. 2000 . Simultaneous determination of diazepam, oxazepam and temazepam in spiked urine by HPLC . Anal. Letters 33 : 629 – 638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Mahjoub , A. , and C. Staub . 2000 . Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines in whole blood or serum by HPLC/DAD with a semi-micro column . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 23 : 447 – 458 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frison , G. , L. Tedeschi , S. Maietti , and S. D. Ferrara . 2001 . Determination of midazolam in human plasma by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 15 : 2497 – 2501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , M. A. , C. A. Robinson , and R. M. Brissie . 1995 . High-performance liquid chromatography of alprazolam in postmortem blood using solid-phase extraction . J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 : 511 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , H. , C. Sun , X.-R. Wang , C. Pham-Huy , N. Chikhi-Chorfi , H. Galons , M. Thevenin , J.-R. Claude , and J.-M. Warnet . 2005 . Solid-phase extraction of methadone enantiomers and benzodiazepines in biological fluids by two polymeric cartridges for liquid chromatographic analysis . J. Chromatogr. B 814 : 385 – 391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , W. , N. Parissis , and T. Kiratzidis . 1998 . Determination of benzodiazepines in forensic samples by HPLC with photo-diode array detection . J. Forensic Sci. 43 : 1061 – 1067 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue , H. , Y. Maeno , M. Iwasa , R. Matoba , and M. Nagao . 2000 . Screening and determination of benzodiazepines in whole blood using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . Forensic Sci. Int. 113 : 367 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kintz , P. , M. Villain , M. Concheiro , and V. Cirimele . 2005 . Screening and confirmatory method for benzodiazepines and hypnotics in oral fluid by LC-MS/MS . Forensic Sci. Int. 150 : 213 – 220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroener , L. , F. Musshoff , and B. Madea . 2003 . Evaluation of immunochemical drug screenings of whole blood samples. A retrospective optimization of cutoff levels after confirmation-analysis on GC-MS and HPLC-DAD . J. Anal. Toxicol. 27 : 205 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louter , A. J. H. , E. Bosma , J. C. A. Schipperen , J. J. Vreuls , and U. A. T. Brinkman . 1997 . Automated on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection: Determination of benzodiazepines in human plasma . J. Chromatogr. B 689 : 35 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marín , S. J. , R. Coles , M. Merrell , and G. A. McMillin . 2008 . Quantitation of benzodiazepines in urine, serum, plasma, and meconium by LC–MS–MS . J. Anal. Toxicol. 32 : 491 – 498 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikami , E. , T. Goto , T. Ohno , and H. Kanamori . 2005 . Simultaneous analysis of seven benzodiazepines in dietary supplements as adulterants using high performance liquid chromatography and its application to an identification system for diazepam . J. Health Sci. 51 : 278 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Miyaguchi , H. , K. Kuwayama , K. Tsujikawa , T. Kanamori , Y. T. Iwata , H. Inoue , and T. Kishi . 2006 . A method for screening for various sedative-hypnotics in serum by liquid chromatography/single quadrupole mass spectrometry . Forensic Sci. Int. 157 : 57 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchohi , S. N. , B. R. Ogutu , C. R. J. C. Newton , and G. O. Kokwaro . 2001. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diazepam in plasma of children with severe malaria. J. Chromatogr. B 761: 255–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , F. J. , and H. H. Maurer . 2002 . Bioanalytical method validation and its implications for forensic and clinical toxicology-a review . Accred. Qual. Assur. 7 : 441 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirnay , S. , S. Bouchonnet , F. Hervé , D. Libong , N. Milan , P. d'Athis , F. Baud , and I. Ricordel . 2004 . Development and validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of buprenorphine, flunitrazepam and their metabolites in rat plasma: Application to the pharmacokinetic study . J. Chromatogr. B 807 : 335 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistos , C. , and J. T. Stewart . 2003 . Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines in whole blood or serum by HPLC/DAD with a semimicro column . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 33 : 1135 – 1142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintela , O. , A. Cruz , A. De Castro , M. Concheiro , and M. López-Rivadulla . 2005 . Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for the determination of nine selected benzodiazepines in human plasma and oral fluid . J. Chromatogr. B 825 : 63 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samanidou , V. F. , A. P. Pechlivanidou , and I. N. Papadoyannis . 2007 . Development of a validated HPLC method for the determination of four 1,4-benzodiazepines in human biological fluids . J. Sep. Sci. 30 : 679 – 687 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segura , M. , J. Barbosa , M. Torrens , M. Farré , C. Castillo , and J. Segura . 2001 . Analytical methodology for the detection of benzodiazepine consumption in opioid-dependent subjects . J. Anal. Toxicol. 25 : 130 – 136 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah , V. P. , K. K. Midha , J. W. A. Findlay , H. M. Hill , J. D. Hulse , I. J. McGilveray , and et al. . 2000 . Bioanalytical method validation-a revisit with a decade of progress . Pharm. Res. 17 : 1551 – 1557 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smink , B. E. , J. E. Brandsma , A. Dijkhuizen , K. J. Lusthof , J. J. De Gier , A. C. G. Egberts , and D. R. A. Uges . 2004 . Quantitative analysis of 33 benzodiazepines, metabolites and benzodiazepine-like substances in whole blood by liquid chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry . J. Chromatogr. B 811 : 13 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder , H. , K. S. Schwenzer , R. Pearlman , A. J. Mcnally , M. Tsilimidos , and S. J. Salamone . 2001 . Serum and urine concentrations of flunitrazepam and metabolites, after a single oral dose, by immunoassay and GC-MS . J. Anal. Toxicol. 25 : 699 – 704 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka , E. , M. Terada , S. Misawa , and C. Wakasugi . 1996 . Simultaneous determination of twelve benzodiazepines in human serum using a new reversed-phase chromatographic column on a 2-µm porous microspherical silica gel . J. Chromatogr. B 682 : 173 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uddin , M. N. , V. F. Samanidou , and I. N. Papadoyannis . 2008 . Validation of SPE-HPLC determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines and metabolites in blood, plasma, urine, and saliva . J. Sep. Sci. 31 : 3704 – 3717 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bocxlaer , J. F. , K. M. Clauwaert , W. Lambert , D. L. Deforce , E. G. Van den Eeckhout , and A. P. De Leenheer . 2000 . Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in forensic toxicology . Mass Spectrom. Rev. 19 : 165 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar