Dating of Historical Manuscripts Using Spectrometric Methods: A Mini-Review

REFERENCES

• Aitken , M. J. 1990 . Science Based Dating in Archaeology . London and New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Bitossi , G. , R. Giorgi , M. Mauro , B. Salvadori , and L. Dei . 2005 . Spectroscopic techniques in cultural heritage conservation: A survey . Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 40 : 187 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliss , A. S. 1984 . Cyclotron analysis and a fake gospel lectionary of 1328 . Scriptorium. Int. Rev. Manuscript Stud. 38 : 322 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , K. L. , and R. J. H. Clark . 2002 . Analysis of pigmentary materials on the Vinland Map and Tartar Relation by Raman microprobe spectroscopy . Anal. Chem. 74 : 3658 – 3661 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgio , L. , and R. J. H. Clark . 2000 . Comparative pigment analysis of six modern Egyptian papyri and an authentic one of the 13th century BC by Raman microscopy and other techniques . J. Raman Spectrosc. 31 : 395 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgio , L. , R. J. H. Clark , and R. R. Hark . 2009 . Spectroscopic investigation of modern pigments on purportedly medieval miniatures by the “Spanish Forger.” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40 : 2031 – 2036 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carriveau , G. W. , and M. Shelley . 1982 . A study of Rembrandt drawings using x-ray fluorescence . Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. 193 : 297 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill , T. A. , R. N. Schwab , B. H. Kusko , R. A. Eldred , G. Moller , D. Dutschke , D. L. Wick , and A. S. Pooley . 1987 . The Vinland Map, revisited: New compositional evidence on its inks and parchment . Anal. Chem. 59 : 829 – 833 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro , K. , M. Pérez-Alonso , M. D. Rodríguez-Laso , L. A. Fernández , and J. M. Madariaga . 2005 . On-line FT-Raman and dispersive Raman spectra database of artists' materials (e-VISART database) . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 382 : 248 – 258 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro , K. , M. Pérez-Alonso , M. D. Rodriguez-Laso , and J. M. Madariaga . 2004 . Raman fibre optic approach to artwork dating . Spectrochim. Acta A 60 : 2919 – 2924 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro , K. , P. Vandenabeele , M. D. Rodríguez-Laso , L. Moens , and J. M. Madariaga . 2004 . Micro-Raman analysis of coloured lithographs . Anal Bioanal. Chem. 379 : 674 – 683 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , R. J. H. 1995 . Raman microscopy: Application to the identification of pigments on mediaeval manuscripts . Chem. Soc. Rev. 24 : 187 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , R. J. H. 1999 . Raman microscopy: Sensitive probe of pigments on manuscripts, paintings and other artefacts . J. Mol. Struct. 480–481 : 15 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , R. J. H. 2007 . The scientific investigation of artwork and archaeological artefacts: Raman microscopy as a structural, analytical and forensic tool . Appl. Phys. A 89 : 833 – 840 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniilia , S. , and K. S. Andrikopoulos . 2007 . Issues relating to the common origin of two Byzantine miniatures: in situ examination with Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy . J. Raman Spectrosc. 38 : 332 – 343 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Carmine , P., L. Giuntini , W. Hooper , F. Lucarelli , and P. A. Mando . 1996 . Further results from PIXE analysis of inks in Galileo's notes on motion . Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 113 : 354 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donahue , D. J. , J. S. Olin , and G. Harbottle . 2002 . Determination of the radiocarbon age of parchment of the Vinland Map . Radiocarbon 44 : 45 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duran , A. , J. L. Perez-Rodriguez , T. Espejo , M. L. Franquelo , J. Castaing , and P. Walter . 2009 . Characterization of illuminated manuscripts by laboratory-made portable XRD and micro-XRD systems . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 395 : 1997 – 2004 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , H. G. M. 2000. Art works studied using IR and Raman spectroscopy. In Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry . vol. 1. ed. J. C. Lindon . London : Academic Press, pp. 2–17.
   Google Scholar
• Fedi , M. 2009 . Accelerator mass spectrometry for 14C dating . In Organic Mass Spectrometry in Art and Archaeology , eds. Maria Perla Colombini and Francesca Modugno . Chichester : Wiley , pp. 459 – 482 .
   Google Scholar
• Fedi , M. E. , L. Carraresi , N. Grassi , A. Migliori , F. Taccetti , F. Terrasi , and P. A. Mando . 2010 . The Artemidorus Papyrus: Solving an ancient puzzle with radiocarbon and ion beam analysis measurements . Radiocarbon 52 : 356 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feller , R. L. 1986 . Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics . vol. 1. New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Giuntini , L. , F. Lucarelli , P. A. Mando , W. Hooper , and P. H. Barker . 1995 . Galileo's writings: chronology by PIXE . Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 95 : 389 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , R. 2004 . Vinland: An inky controversy lives . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 : 407A – 412A .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grim , D. M. , and J. Allison . 2004 . Laser desorption mass spectrometry as a tool for the analysis of colorants. The identification of pigments used in illuminated manuscripts . Archaeometry 46 : 283 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn , O. , W. Malzer , B. Kanngiesser , and B. Beckhoff . 2004 . Characterization of iron-gall inks in historical manuscripts and music compositions using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry . X-Ray Spectrom. 33 : 234 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbottle , G. 2008 . The Vinland Map: A critical review of archaeometric research on its authenticity . Archaeometry 50 : 177 – 189 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssens , K. , G. Vittiglio , I. Deraedt , A. Aerts , B. Vekemans , L. Vincze , et al. . 2000 . Use of microscopic XRF for non-destructive analysis in art and archaeometry . X-Ray Spectrom. 29 : 73 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jull , A. J. T. , D. J. Donahue , M. Broshi , and E. Tov . 1995 . Radiocarbon dating of scrolls and linen fragments from the Judean desert . Radiocarbon 37 : 11 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser , R. , and D. Kolb . 1990 . Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and authenticity of performance: Indications in Bach's music manuscripts . Interdis. Sci. Rev. 15 : 133 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klockenkämper , R. , A. von Bohlen , and L. Moens . 2000 . Analysis of pigments and inks on oil paintings and historical manuscripts using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry . X-Ray Spectrom. 29 : 119 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krekel , Ch. 1999 . The chemistry of historical iron gall inks; understanding the chemistry of writing inks used to prepare historical documents . Int. J. Forensic Document Examiners 5 : 54 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Kusko , B. H. , and R. N. Schwab . 1987 . Historical analyses by PIXE . Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 22 : 401 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , A. S. , V. Otieno-Alego , and D. C. Creagh . 2008 . Identification of iron-gall inks with near-infrared Raman microspectroscopy . J. Raman Spectrosc. 39 : 1079 – 1084 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucarelli , F. , and P. A. Mando . 1996 . Recent applications to the study of ancient inks with the Florence external-PIXE facility . Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 109–110 : 644 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrone , W. C. 1976 . Authenticity of medieval document tested by small particle analysis . Anal. Chem. 48 : 676A – 679A .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrone , W. C. 1988 . The Vinland Map . Anal. Chem. 60 : 1009 – 1018 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeil , R. J. 1984 . Scanning Auger microscopy for dating of manuscript inks . In Archaeological Chemistry III , ed. Joseph B. Lambert . Washington : American Chemical Society , pp. 255 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Melessanaki , K. , V. Papadakis , C. Balas , and D. Anglos . 2001 . Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and hyper-spectral imaging analysis of pigments on an illuminated manuscript . Spectrochim. Acta B 56 : 2337 – 2346 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills , J. S. , and R. White . 1999. The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects . 2nd ed. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nickel , J. 2009 . Real or Fake. Studies in Authentication . Kentucky : The University Press of Kentucky .
   Google Scholar
• Oda , H. , and K. Ikeda . 2010 . Radiocarbon dating of kohitsugire calligraphies attributed to Fujiwara Shunzei: Akihiro-gire, Oie-gire, and Ryosa-gire . Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 268 : 1041 – 1044 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen , K. L. , J. van der Plicht J , G. Doudna , F. Nielsen , P. Hojrup , E. H. Stenby , and C. T. Petersen . 2009 . The effects of possible contamination on the radiocarbon dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls II: Empirical methods to remove castor oil and suggestions for redating . Radiocarbon 51 : 1005 – 1022 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reigland , B. 1999 . Ink corrosion: Aqueous and non-aqueous treatments of paper objects – state of the art . Restorator 20 : 167 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renger , K. , and A. Burmester . ( 1985/1986 ). The Munich Rembrandt forgeries reconsidered: A new technical approach to the investigation of drawings . Master Drawings 23/24 : 526 – 537 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , A. 1993 . Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics . vol. 2. New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Senvaitiene , J. , A. Beganskiene , and A. Kareiva . 2005 . Spectroscopic evaluation and characterization of different historical writing inks . Vibr. Spectrosc. 37 : 61 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoto , G. , A. Torrisi , and A. Contino . 2000 . Probing archaeological and artistic solid materials by spatially resolved analytical techniques . Chem. Soc. Rev. 29 : 429 – 439 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trafela , T. , M. Strlič , J. Kolar , D. A. Lichtblau , M. Anders , D. Pucko Mencigar , and B. Pihlar . 2007 . Nondestructive analysis and dating of historical paper based on IR spectroscopy and chemometric data evaluation . Anal. Chem. 79 : 6319 – 6323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hooydonk , G. , M. De Reu , L. Moens , J. Van Aelst , and L. Milisc . 1998 . A TXRF and micro-Raman spectrometric reconstruction of palettes for distinguishing between scriptoria of related medieval manuscripts . Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 639 – 644 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West Fitzhugh , E. 1997 . Artists' Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics . vol. 3. Washington : National Gallery of Art .
   Google Scholar
• Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Jaroslav Zýka (1922–2010).
   Google Scholar