Comparative Metabolism of Mequindox in Liver Microsomes, Hepatocytes, and Intestinal Microflora of Chicken

REFERENCES

• Abou-Donia , M. B. , and A. A. Nomeir . 1986 . The role of pharmacokinetics and metabolism in species sensitivity to neurotoxic agents . Fundament. Appl. Toxicology. 6 : 190 – 207 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bateman , K. P. , J. Castro-Perez , M. Wrona , J. P. Shockcor , K. Yu , R. Oballa , and D. A. Nicoll-Griffith . 2007 . MSE with mass defect filtering for in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 21 : 1485 – 1496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edlund , P. O. , and P. Baranczewski . 2004 . Identification of BVT.2938 metabolites by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS after in vitro incubations with liver microsomes and hepatocytes . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 34 : 1079 – 1090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO, and WHO. 1995 . Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food . World Health Organ Tech. Rep. Ser. 851 : 19 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillotin , F. , P. Chiap , M. Frderich , J. Van Heugen , P. Francotte , P. Lebrun , B. Pirotte , and P. de Tullio . 2010 . Coupling of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/solid-phase extraction/NMR techniques for the structural identification of metabolites following in vitro biotransformation of SUR1-selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers . Drug Metabol. Dispos. 38 : 232 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie , M. , and M. Murayama . 2004 . Determination of carbadox metabolites, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and desoxycarbadox, in swine muscle and liver by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry . Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. 45 : 135 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , M. , L. Choo , and P. Ho . 2008 . Characterization of metabolites of meisoindigo in male and female rat kidney microsomes by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr. 22 : 3835 – 3845 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , M. , and P. C. Ho . 2009 . Identification of metabolites of meisoindigo in rat, pig and human liver microsomes by UFLC-MS/MS . Biochem. Pharmacol. 77 : 1418 – 1428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , X. , A. Ihsan , X. Wang , M. Dai , Y. Wang , S. Su , X. Xue , and Z. Yuan . 2009 . Long-term dose-dependent response of Mequindox on aldosterone, corticosterone and five steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs in the adrenal of male rats . Toxicol. Lett. 191 : 167 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , X. , X. Wang , A. Ihsan , Q. Liu , X. Xue , S. Su , C. Yang , W. Zhou , and Z. Yuan . 2010 . Interactions of NADPH oxidase, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and reactive oxygen species in mequindox-mediated aldosterone secretion in Wistar rats . Toxicol. Lett. 198 : 112 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia , L. , and X. Liu . 2007 . The Conduct of drug metabolism studies considered good practice (II): In vitro experiments . Curr. Drug Metabol. 8 : 822 – 829 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato , R. , and Y. Yamazoe . 1992 . Sex-specific cytochrome P450 as a cause of sex- and species-related differences in drug toxicity . Toxicol. Lett. 64–65 : 661 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keppler , K. , and H. Humpf . 2005 . Metabolism of anthocyanins and their phenolic degradation products by the intestinal microflora . Bioorg. Med. Chem. 13 : 5195 – 5205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Z. , L. Huang , D. Chen , M. Dai , Y. Tao , Y. Wang , and Z. Yuan . 2010 . Application of electrospray ionization hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the rapid characterization of quinocetone metabolites formed in vitro . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396 : 1259 – 1271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Z. , L. Huang , D. Chen , and Z. Yuan . 2010 . Metabolism of mequindox in liver microsomes of rats, chicken and pigs . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr. 24 : 909 – 918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Z. , L. Huang , M. Dai , D. Chen , Y. Wang , Y. Tao , and Z. Yuan . 2008 . Metabolism of olaquindox in rat liver microsomes: structural elucidation of metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr. 22 : 1009 – 1016 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao , X. , R. E. March , and C. D. Metcalfe . 2003 . A tandem mass spectrometric study of the N-oxides, quinoline N-oxide, carbadox, and olaquindox, carried out at high mass accuracy using electrospray ionization . Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 230 : 123 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olinga , P. , M. G. L. Elferink , A. L. Draaisma , M. T. Merema , J. V. P. Castell , G. Rez , and G. M. M. Groothuis . 2008. Coordinated induction of drug transporters and phase I and II metabolism in human liver slices. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 33: 380–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prakash , C. , C. L. Shaffer , and A. Nedderman . 2007 . Analytical strategies for identifying drug metabolites . Mass Spectrom. Rev. 26 : 340 – 369 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu , E. K. , Y. S. Choe , D. H. Kim , B. Ko , Y. Choi , K. Lee , and B. Kim . 2006 . In vitro metabolism studies of 18F-labeled 1-phenylpiperazine using mouse liver S9 fraction . Nucl. Med. Biol. 33 : 165 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheline , R. R. 1968 . Drug metabolism by intestinal microorganisms . J. Pharm. Sci. 57 : 2021 – 2037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , J. , C. Yang , C. Wu , P. Feng , Z. Wang , Y. Li , Y. Li , and S. Zhang . 2010 . Identification of the major metabolites of quinocetone in swine urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry . Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr. 24 : 375 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchihashi , R. , S. Sakamoto , M. Kodera , T. Nohara , and J. Kinjo . 2008 . Microbial metabolism of soy isoflavones by human intestinal bacterial strains . J. Nat. Med. 62 : 456 – 460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO and FAO. 1990 . Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food . World Health Organ Tech. Rep. Ser. 799 : 45 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , D. Y. , X. L. Zhang , Q. Xu , X. Y. Xue , F. F. Zhang , and X. M. Liang . 2009 . UPLC/Q-TOFMS/MS as a powerful technique for rapid identification of polymethoxylated flavones in Fructus aurantii . J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 50 : 2 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Li and Linxia Li contributed equally to this work.
   Google Scholar