198
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS

Determination of Metabolites from Scutellaria baicalensis by GC/MS and 1H NMR

, , &
Pages 1937-1950 | Received 27 Dec 2012, Accepted 28 Jan 2013, Published online: 25 Jul 2013

REFERENCES

  • Ali , K. , F. Maltese , E. Zyprian , M. Rex , Y. H. Choi , and R. Verpoorte . 2009 . NMR metabolic fingerprinting based identification of grapevine metabolites associated with downy mildew resistance . J. Agri. Food Chem. 57 : 9599 – 9606 .
  • Arbona , V. , D. J. Iglesias , M. Talon , and A. Gomez-Cadenas . 2009 . Plant phenotype demarcation using nontargeted LC-MS and GC-MS metabolite profiling . J. Agri. Food Chem. 57 : 7338 – 7347 .
  • Bhalla , R. , K. Narasimham , and S. Swarup . 2005 . Metabolomics and its role in understanding cellular responses in plants . Plant Cell Rep. 24 : 562 – 571 .
  • Bolling , C. , and O. Fiehn . 2005 . Metabolite profiling of Chlamydomonasreinhardtii under nutrient deprivation . Plant Physiol. 139 : 1995 – 2005 .
  • Bowsher C. , M. Steer , and A. Tobin . 2008. Plant Biochemistry . Abingdon , UK : Garland Science.
  • Chen , M. , L. Zhao , and W. Jia . 2005 . Metabonomic study on the biochemical profiles of a hydrocortisone-induced animal model . J. Proteome Res. 4 : 2391 – 2396 .
  • Cho , I. H. , Y. S. Kim , and H. K. Choi . 2007 . Metabolomic discrimination of different grades of pine-mushroom (Tricholomamatsutake Sing.) using 1H NMR spectrometry and multivariate data analysis . J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 43 : 900 – 904 .
  • Cho , S. K. , S. O. Yang , S. H. Kim , H. Kim , J. S. Ko , K. Z. Riu , H. Y. Lee , and H. K. Choi . 2009 . Classification and prediction of free-radical scavenging activities of dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck) fruit extracts using 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis . J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 49 : 56 – 7571 .
  • Choi , H. K. , K. H. Kim , Y. S. Kim , M. W. Lee , and W. K. Whang . 2006 . Metabolomic differentiation of deer antlers of various origins by 1H NMR spectrometry and principal components analysis . J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 41 : 1047 – 1050 .
  • Cui , Y. , Y. Z. Wang , X. Y. Ouyang , Y. B. Han , H. B. Zhu , and Q. M. Chen . 2009 . Fingerprint profile of active components for Andrographis paniculata Nees by HPLC-DAD . Sens. Instrumen. Food Qual. Safety 3 : 165 – 179 .
  • Dauwe , R. , K. Morreel , G. Goeminne , B. Gielen , A. Rohde , J. Van Beeumen , et al. 2007 . Molecular phenotyping of lignin-modified tobacco reveals associated changes in cell-wall metabolism, primary metabolism, stress metabolism and photorespiration . Plant J. 52 : 263 – 285 .
  • Davey , M. P. , F. I. Woodward , and W. P. Quick . 2009 . Intraspecfic variation in cold-temperature metabolic phenotypes of Arabidopsis lyrata ssp . Petraea. Metabolomics 5 : 138 – 149 .
  • Deborde , C. , M. Maucourt , P. Baldet , S. Bernillon , B. Biais , G. Talon , et al. 2009 . A. Proton NMR quantitative profiling for quality assessment of greenhouse-grown tomato fruit . Metabolomics 5 : 183 – 198 .
  • Ding , L. , X. B. Luo , F. Tang , J. B. Yuan , M. L. Guo , and S. Z. Yao . 2008 . Quality control of medicinal herbs Fructus gardeniae, common andrographis herb and their preparations for their active constituents by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray mass spectrometry . Talanta 74 : 1344 – 1349 .
  • Dong , Y. M. , Y. L. Leu , K. Y. Chien , and J. S. Yu . 2009 . Separation and determination of low abundant flavonoids in Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi by micellar electro kinetic capillary electrophoresis . Anal. Lett. 42 : 1444 – 1457 .
  • Dunn , W. B. , and D. I. Ellis . 2005 . Metabolomics: Current analytical platforms and methodologies . Trends Anal. Chem. 24 : 285 – 294 .
  • Eriksson , L. , E. Johansson , N. Kettaneh-Wold , J. Trgg , C. Wikstrom , and S. Wold . 2006 . Multi-and Megavariate Data Analysis: Principles and Applications . Umeå : Umetrics Academy .
  • Fiehn , O. , J. Kopka , P. Dormann , T. Altman , R. N. Trethewey , and L. Willmitzer . 2000 . Metabolite profiling for plant functional genomics . Nature Biotechnol. 18 : 1157 – 1161 .
  • Gao , J. Y. , A. Sanchez-Medine , B. A. Pendry , M. J. Hughes , G. P. Webb , and O. Corcoran . 2008 . Validation of a HPLC method for flavonoid biomarkers in skullcap (Scutellaria) and its use to illustrate wide variability in the quality of commercial tinctures . J. Pharm. Sci. 11 : 77 – 87 .
  • Gao , Z. H. , K. X. Huang , and H. B. Xu . 2001 . Protective effects of flavonoids in the roots of scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in hs-sy5y cells . Pharmacol. Res. 43 : 173 – 178 .
  • Gao , Z. H. , K. X. Huang , X. L. Yang , and H. B. Xu . 1999 . Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracted from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi . Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1472 : 643 – 650 .
  • Gullberg , J. , P. Jonsson , A. Nordstrom , M. Sjostrom , and T. Moritz . 2004. Design of experiments: an efficient strategy to identify factors influencing extraction and derivatization of Arabidopsis thaliana samples in metabolomic studies with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 331: 283–295.
  • Han , J. , M. Ye , M. Xu , X. Qiao , H. L. Chen , B. R. Wang , J. H. Zheng , and D. A. Guo . 2008 . Comparison of phenolic compounds of rhubarbs in the section deserticola with Rheum palmatum by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn . Planta Medica 74 : 873 – 879 .
  • He , X. D. , and J. H. Zou . 1998 . Chinese Materiamedica, , 1st ed. Beijing , China : Chemistry Press .
  • Huang , K. C. 1999 . The pharmacology of Chinese herbs . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
  • Huang , Q. Q. , R. L. Pan , J. H. Wei , Y. W. Wu , and L. D. Zhang . 2009 . Determination of baicalin and total flavonoids in Radix Scutellariae by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy . Spectrosc. Spectral Anal. 29 : 2425 – 2428 .
  • Ikemato , S. , K. Sugimura , N. Yoshida , R. Yasumoto , S. Wada , K. Yamamoto , and T. Kishimoto . 2000 . Antitumor effects of Scutellariae radix and its components baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin on bladder cancer cell lines . Urology 55 : 951 – 955 .
  • Jumtee , K. , T. Bamba , A. Okazawa , E. Fukusaki , and A. Kobayashi . 2008 . Integrated metabolite and gene expression profiling revealing phytochrome A regulation of polyamine biosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana . J. Exp. Bot. 59 : 1187 – 1112 .
  • Koek , M. M. , B. Muilwijk , M. J. van der Werf , and T. Hankemeter . 2006 . Microbial metabolomics with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . Anal. Chem. 78 : 1272 – 1821 .
  • Krishnan , P. , N. J. Kruger , and R. G. Ratcliffe . 2005 . Metabolite fingerprinting and profiling in plants using NMR . J. Exp. Bot. 56 : 255 – 265 .
  • Kuo , C. H. , C. W. Lee , S. C. Lin , I. L. Tsai , S. S. Lee , Y. J. Tseng , J. J. Kang , F. C. Peng , and L. W. Chu . 2010 . Rapid determination of aristolochic acids I and II in herbal products and biological samples by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry . Talanta 80 : 1672 – 1680 .
  • Li , B. Q. , T. Fu , W. H. Gong , N. Dunlop , H. F. Kung , Y. D. Yan , J. Kang , and J. M. Wang . 2000 . The flavonoid baicalin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to chemokines . Immunopharm. 49 : 295 – 306 .
  • Li , C. R. , L. M. Zhou , G. Lin , and Z. Zuo . 2009 . Contents of major bioactive flavones in proprietary traditional Chinese medicine products and reference herb of Radix Scutellariae . J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 50 : 298 – 306 .
  • Li , W. , Y. L. Deng , R. J. Dai , Y. H. Yu , M. K. Saeed , L. Li , W. W. Meng , and X. S. Zhang . 2007 . Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Cephalotaxussinensis from various sources by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry . J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 45 : 38 – 46 .
  • Li , Y. , B. Shrestha , and A. Vertes . 2008 . Atmospheric pressure infrared MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for plant metabolomics . Anal. Chem. 80 : 407 – 420 .
  • Li , Y. , T. Wu , J. H. Zhu , L. L. Wan , Q. Yu , X. X. Li , Z. H. Cheng , and C. Guo . 2010 . Combinative method using HPLC fingerprint and quantitative analyses for quality consistency evaluation of an herbal medicinal preparation produced by different manufacturers . J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal. 52 : 597 – 602 .
  • Liang , Y. S. , Y. H. Choi , H. K. Kim , H. J. M. Linthorst , and R. Verpoorte . 2006 . Metabolomic analysis of methyl jasmonate treated Brassica rapa leaves by 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy . Phytochem. 67 : 2503 – 2511 .
  • Lisec , J. , N. Schauer , J. Kopka , L. Willmitzer , and A. R. Fernie . 2006 . Gas chromatography mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling in plants . Nat. Protocol. 1 : 387 – 396 .
  • Ma , C. F. , H. H. Wang , X. Lu , G. W. Xu , and B. Liu . 2008 . Metabolic fingerprinting investigation of Artemisia annua L. in different stages of development by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . J. Chromatogr. A 1186 : 412 – 419 .
  • Ma , S. C. , J. Ma , J. Du , P. P. H. But , X. L. Deng , Y. W. Zhang , V. E. C. Ooi , H. X. Xu , S. H. S. Lee , and S. F. Lee . 2002 . Antiviral chinese medicinal herbs against respiratory syncytial virus . J. Ethnopharmacol. 79 : 205 – 211 .
  • Mahady , G. B. , H. H. S. Fong , and N. R. Farnsworth . 2001. Botanical Dietary Supplements: Quality, Safety and Efficacy . Lisse , The Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers.
  • Nikiforova , V. J. , J. Kopka , V. Tolstikov , O. Fiehn , L. Hopkins , M. J. Hawkesford , H. Hesse , and R. Hoefgen . 2005 . Systems rebalancing of metabolism in response to sulfur deprivation, as revealed by metabolome analysis of Arabidopsis plants . Plant Physiol. 138 : 304 – 318 .
  • Okazaki , K. , N. Oka , T. Shinano , M. Osaki , and M. Takebe . 2008 . Differences in the metabolite profiles of spinach (Spinaciaoleracea L.) leaf in different concentrations of nitrate in the culture solution . Plant Cell Physiol. 49 : 170 – 177 .
  • Oksman-Caldentey , K. M. , and D. Inze . 2004 . Plant cell factories in the post-genomic era: New ways to produce designer secondary metabolites . Trends Plant Sci. 9 : 433 – 440 .
  • Ong , E. S. , C. F. Chor , L. Zou , and C. N. Ong . 2009 . A multi-analytical approach for metabolomic profiling of zebrafish (Daniorerio) livers . Mol. Bio. Syst. 5 : 288 – 298 .
  • Paul , M. D. 2001 . Medicinal Natural Products a Biosynthetic Approach, , 2nd ed. Chichester , England : Wiley .
  • The Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC . 2000 . Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, English ed. People's Republic of China.
  • Ren , Y. F. , T. Wang , Y. F. Peng , B. Xia , and L. J. Qu . 2009 . Distinguishing transgenic from non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants by 1H NMR-based metabolic fingerprinting . J. Genet. Genomics 36 : 621 – 628 .
  • Schliemann , W. , C. Ammer , and D. Strack . 2008 . Metabolite profiling of mycorrhizal roots of Medicagotruncatula . Phytochem. 69 : 112 – 146 .
  • The Society of Japanese Pharmacopoeia . 2001 . The Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 14th ed., JP XIII. Japan.
  • Son , H. S. , G. S. Hwang , H. J. Ahn , W. M. Park , C. H. Lee , and Y. S. Hong . 2009 . Characterization of wines from grape varieties through multivariate statistical analysis of 1H NMR spectroscopic data . Food Res. Interna. 42 : 1483 – 1491 .
  • Sumner , L. W. , P. Mendes , and R. A. Dixon . 2003 . Plant metabolomics: large-scale phytochemistry in the functional genomics era . Phytochem. 62 : 817 – 836 .
  • Sun , W. J. , and J. F. Sheng . 1998 . A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants, , 1st ed. Beijing , China : Medical-Pharmacological Science and Technology Publishing House .
  • Takachiwin , L. , O. Masako , and E. Fukusaki . 2008 . Quality evaluation and prediction of Citrullus Ianatus by 1H NMR-based metabolomics and multivariate analysis . J. Agri. Food Chem. 56 : 5827 – 5835 .
  • Weckwerth , W. , M. E. Loureiro , K. Wenzel , and O. Fiehn . 2004 . Differential metabolic networks unravel the effects of silent plant phenotypes . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101 : 7809 – 7814 .
  • World Health Organization . 2002 . Tradition Medicines Strategy 2002–2005. Geneva: World Health Organization, p.1.
  • Zhu , Y. P. 1998 . Chinese Materiamedica: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Applications . Amsterdam , The Netherlands : Harwood Academic .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.