REFERENCES
- Abreu , C. M. , M. J. Cristóbal , M. F. Montemor , X. R. Nóvoa , G. Pena , and M. C. Pérez . 2002 . Galvanic coupling between carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel in alkaline media . Electrochim. Acta 47 : 2271 – 2279 .
- Alves , V. A. , and C. M. A. Brett . 2002 . Characterisation of passive films formed on mild steels in bicarbonate solution by EIS . Electrochim. Acta 47 : 2081 – 2091 .
- Babić , R. , and M. Metikoš-Huković . 1993 . Semiconducting properties of passive films on AISI 304 and 316 stainless steels . J. Electroanal. Chem. 358 : 143 – 160 .
- Bojinov , M. , G. Fabricius , T. Laitinen , K. Mäkelä , T. Saario , and G. Sundholm . 2000 . Coupling between ionic defect structure and electronic conduction in passive films on iron, chromium and iron–chromium alloys . Electrochim. Acta , 45 : 2029 – 2048 .
- Breslin , C. B. , D. D. Macdonald , E. Sikora , and J. Sikora . 1997 . Photo-inhibition of pitting corrosion on types 304 and 316 stainless steels in chloride-containing solutions . Electrochim. Acta 42 : 137 – 144 .
- Carmezim , M. J. , A. M. SimÕes , M. F. Montemor , and M. Da Cunha Belo . 2005 . Capacitance behaviour of passive films on ferritic and austenitic stainless steel . Corros. Sci. 47 : 581 – 591 .
- Castro , E. B. , and C. A. Gervasi . 2000 . Electrodeposited Ni–Co-oxide electrodes: characterization and kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction . Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 25 : 1163 – 1170 .
- Chao , Y. , L. F. Lin , and D. D. Macdonald . 1981 . A point defect model for anodic passive films . J. Electrochem. Soc. 128 : 1187 – 1194 .
- Cieslak , W. R. , and D. J. Duquette . 1983 . In Passivity of Metals and Semiconductors . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- Da Cunha Belo , M. , M. G. S. Fereira , and C. A. Melendres . 1991. Electrochemical and optical techniques for the study and monitoring of metallic corrosion . Dordrecht , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic publishers.
- Da Cunha Belo , M. , N. E. Hakiki , and M. G. S. Ferreira . 1999 . Semiconducting properties of passive films formed on nickel–base alloys type Alloy 600: influence of the alloying elements . Electrochim. Acta 44 : 2473 – 2481 .
- Davies , R. D. 1993 . Effects of vanadium on polarization of 18% Cr ferritic stainless steel . Corrosion 49 : 544 – 549 .
- Dong , C. F. , H. Luo , K. Xiao , Y. Ding , P. H. Li , and X. G. Li . 2013 . Electrochemical Behavior of 304 Stainless steel in marine atmosphere and its simulated solution . Anal. Lett. 46 : 142 – 155 .
- Fontana , M. G. , and N. D. Greene . 1967 . Corrosion Engineering . New York : McGraw-Hill .
- Fredlein , R. A. , and A. J. Bard . 1979 . Semiconductor electrodes: XXI. The characterization and behavior of n-Type Fe2O3 electrodes in acetonitrile solutions . J. Electrochem. Soc. 126 : 1892 – 1898 .
- Freire , L. , M. J. Carmezim , M. G. S. Ferreira , and M. F. Montemora . 2011 . The electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel AISI 304 in alkaline solutions with different pH in the presence of chlorides . Electrochim. Acta 56 : 5280 – 5289 .
- Ge , H. H. , G. D. Zhou , and W. Q. Wu . 2003 . Passivation model of 316 stainless steel in simulated cooling water and the effect of sulfide on the passive film . Appl. Surf. Sci. 211 : 321 – 334 .
- González , J. A. , E. Otero , and S. Feliu . 1993 . Initial steps of corrosion in the steel/Ca(OH)2 + Cl− system: The role of heterogeneities on the steel surface and oxygen supply . Cem. Concr. Res. 23 : 33 – 40 .
- Hakiki , N. E. 2011 . Comparative study of structural and semiconducting properties of passive films and thermally grown oxides on AISI 304 stainless steel . Corros. Sci. 53 : 2688 – 2699 .
- Hakiki , N. E. , and M. Da Cunha Belo . 1996 . Electronic structure of passive films formed on molybdenum-containing ferritic stainless steels . J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 : 3088 – 3094 .
- Hermas , A. A. , M. S. Morad , and K. Ogura . 1999 . A correlation between phosphorous impurity in stainless steel and a second anodic current maximum in H2SO4 . Corros. Sci. 41 : 2251 – 2266 .
- Hermas , A. A. , and K. Ogura . 1996 . Effects of alloying additions on the spontaneous passivation of stainless steels containing copper at different temperatures . Electrochim. Acta 41 : 1601 – 1609 .
- Horowitz , G. 1983 . Capacitance-voltage measurements and flat-band potential determination on Zr-doped α-Fe2O3 single-crystal electrodes . J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfa. Electrochem. 159 : 421 – 436 .
- Hu , Y. B. , C. F. Dong , M. Sun , K. Xiao , P. Zhong , and X. G. Li . 2011 . Effects of solution pH and Cl– on electrochemical behaviour of an Aermet100 ultra-high strength steel in acidic environments . Corros. Sci. 53 : 4159 – 4165 .
- Jiang , R. J. , C. F. Chen , and S. Q. Zheng . 2010 . The non-linear fitting method to analyze the measured M–S plots of bipolar passive films . Electrochim. Acta 55 : 2498 – 2504 .
- Jiang , R. J. , C. F. Chen , S. Q. Zheng , and L. S. Cui . 2011 . The non-linear fitting method to study the semiconductor properties of passive films of INCONEL alloy G3 . J. Electroanal. Chem. 658 : 52 – 56 .
- Jin , S. , and A. Atrens . 1990 . Passive films on stainless steels in aqueous media . Appl. Phys. A 50 : 287 – 300 .
- Krakowiak , S. , K. Darowicki , and P. Slepski . 2005 . Impedance investigation of passive 304 stainless steel in the pit pre-initiation state . Electrochim. Acta 50 : 2699 – 2704 .
- Leckie , H. P. , and H. H. Uhlig . 1966 . Environmental factors affecting the critical potential for pitting in 18–8 stainless steel . J. Electrochem. Soc. 113 : 1262 – 1267 .
- Liu , J. , and D. D. Macdonald . 2001. The passivity of iron in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. II. The defect and electronic structures of the barrier layer. J. Electrochem. Soc. 148: 425–430.
- Luo , H. , X. G. Li , C. F. Dong , K. Xiao , and X. Q. Cheng . 2013 . Influence of UV light on passive behaviour of the 304 stainless steel in acid solution . J. Phys. Chem. Solids 74 : 691 – 697 .
- Macdonald , D. D. , and M. Urquidi-Macdonald . 1990 . Theory of steady-state passive films . J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 : 2395 – 2402 .
- Montemor , M. F. , M. G. S. Ferreira , N. E. Hakiki , and M. Da Cunha Belo . 2000 . Chemical composition and electronic structure of the oxide films formed on 316 L stainless steel and nickel based alloys in high temperature aqueous environments . Corros. Sci. 42 : 1635 – 1650 .
- Moretti , G. , G. Quartarone , A. Tassan , and A. Zingales . 1993 . Pitting corrosion behavior of superferritic stainless steel in waters containing chloride . Mater. Corros. 44 : 24 – 30 .
- Morrison S. R. 1980 . Electrochemistry at Semiconductors and Oxidized Metal Electrodes . New York : Plenum Press .
- O'Laoire , C. , B. Timmins , L. Kremer , J. D. Holmes , and M. A. Morris . 2006 . Analysis of the acid passivation of stainless steel . Anal. Lett. 39 : 2255 – 2271 .
- Shreir , L. L. , R. A. Jarman , and G. T. Burstein . 1994 . Corrosion . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- Sudesh , T. L. , L. Wijesinghe , and D. J. Blackwood . 2008 . Photocurrent and capacitance investigations into the nature of the passive films on austenitic stainless steels , Corros. Sci. 50 : 23 – 34 .
- Sunseri , C. , S. Piazza , and F. D. Quarto . 1990 . Photocurrent spectroscopic investigations of passive films on chromium . J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 : 2411 – 2417 .
- Yang , M. Z. , J. L. Luo , and B. M. Patchet . 1999 . Correlation of hydrogen-facilitated pitting of AISI 304 stainless steel to semiconductivity of passive films . Thin Solid Films 354 : 142 – 147 .
- Zeng , Y. M. , J. L. Luo , and P. R. Norton . 2004 . A study of semiconducting properties of hydrogen containing passive films . Thin Solid Films 460 : 116 – 124 .
- Zhang , P. Q. , J. X. Wu , W. Q. Zhang , X. Y. Lu , and K. Wang . 1993 . A pitting mechanism for passive 304 stainless steel in sulphuric acid media containing chloride ions . Corros. Sci. 34 : 1343 – 1349 , 1351–1354 .
- Zhang , Y. C. , D. D. Macdonald , M. Urquidi-Macdonald , G. R. Engelhardt , and R. B. Dooley . 2006 . Passivity breakdown on AISI Type 403 stainless steel in chloride-containing borate buffer solution . Corros. Sci. 48 : 3812 – 3823 .
- Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/lanl.