Analysis of Sports Supplements for Proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and Macronutrients by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES)

References

• Araújo, G. C. L., M. H. Gonzalez, A. G. Ferreira, A. R. A. Nogueira, and J. A. Nóbrega. 2002. Effect of acid concentration on closed-vessel microwave-assisted digestion of plant materials. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 57 (12):2121–32. doi:10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00164-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augusto, A. S., J. P. Castro, M. A. Sperança, and E. R. Pereira-Filho. 2019. Combination of multi-energy calibration (MEC) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for dietary supplements analysis and determination of Ca, Mg and K. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 30:804–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avula, B., Y. H. Wang, N. S. Duzgoren-Aydin, and I. A. Khan. 2013. Inorganic elemental compositions of commercial multivitamin/mineral dietary supplements: Application of collision/reaction cell inductively coupled-mass spectroscopy. Microchemical Journal 108:81–6.
   Google Scholar
• Avula, B., Y. H. Wang, T. J. Smillie, N. S. Duzgoren-Aydin, and I. A. Khan. 2010. Quantitative determination of multiple elements in botanicals and dietary supplements using ICP-MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58 (16):8887–94. doi:10.1021/jf101598g.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, U. A., I. F. dos Santos, A. M. P. dos Santos, and S. L. C. Ferreira. 2016. Determination of lead in iron supplements by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytical Letters 49 (6):799–807. doi:10.1080/00032719.2015.1079206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizzi, C. A., E. L. M. Flores, J. A. Nobrega, J. S. S. Oliveira, L. Schmidt, and S. R. Mortari. 2014. Evaluation of a digestion procedure based on the use of diluted HNO3 solutions and H2O2 for the multielement determination of whole milk powder and bovine liver by ICP-based techniques. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 29 (2):332–8. doi:10.1039/C3JA50330E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, I. 2014. Macronutrients, minerals, vitamins and energy. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 15 (7):344–9. doi:10.1016/j.mpaic.2014.04.003.
   Google Scholar
• Ceglie, C., C. D. Calvano, and C. G. Zambonin. 2015. MALDI-TOF MS for quality control of high protein content sport supplements. Food Chemistry 176:396–402. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derringer, G., and R. Suich. 1980. Simultaneous optimization of several response variables. Journal of Quality Technology 12 (4):214–9. doi:10.1080/00224065.1980.11980968.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgammal, S. M., M. A. Khorshed, and E. H. Ismail. 2019. Determination of heavy metal content in whey protein samples from markets in Giza, Egypt, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A probabilistic risk assessment study. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 84:103300. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, S. L. C., M. M. Silva-Junior, C. S. A. Felix, D. L. F. da Silva, A. S. Santos, J. H. Santos-Neto, C. T. de Souza, R. A. Cruz-Junior, and A. S. Souza. 2019. Multivariate optimization techniques in food analysis - A review. Food Chemistry 273:3–8. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Rico, L., J. Leyva-Perez, and M. E. Jara-Marini. 2007. Content and daily intake of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, and mercury from dietary supplements in Mexico. Food and Chemical Toxicology 45:1599–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindlay, G., L. Gras, J. Mora, and M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt. 2016. Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 115:8–15. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2015.10.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindlay, G., J. Mora, M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt, and F. Vanhaecke. 2013. A systematic study on the influence of carbon on the behavior of hard-to-ionize elements in inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 86:42–9. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2013.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, U. C., and S. C. Gupta. 2014. Sources and deficiency diseases of mineral nutrients in human health and nutrition: A review. Pedosphere 24 (1):13–38. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(13)60077-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haraguchi, F. K., W. C. Abreu, and H. Paula. 2006. Whey protein: Composition, nutritional properties, applications in sports and benefits for human health. Revista de Nutrição 19 (4):479–88. doi:10.1590/S1415-52732006000400007.
   Google Scholar
• Kauffman, J. F., B. J. Westenberger, J. D. Robertson, J. Guthrie, A. Jacobs, and S. K. Cummins. 2007. Lead in pharmaceutical products and dietary supplements. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP 48 (2):128–34. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.03.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krawczyk, M. 2014. Determination of macro and trace elements in multivitamin dietary supplements by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with slurry sampling. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 88:377–84. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krejčová, A., I. Ludvíková, T. Černohorský, and M. Pouzar. 2012. Elemental analysis of nutritional preparations by inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry. Food Chemistry 132 (1):588–96. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug, F. J., and F. R. P. Rocha. 2016. Métodos de preparo de amostras, Fundamentos sobre o preparo de amostras orgânicas e inorgânicas para análise elementar, Editora, EditSBQ.
   Google Scholar
• Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227 (5259):680–5. doi:10.1038/227680a0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrero, J., R. J. Rebagliati, E. Leiva, A. Londonio, and P. Smichowski. 2013. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric determination of fifteen elements in dietary supplements: Are the concentrations declared in the labels accurate? Microchemical Journal 108:81–6. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.12.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattos, J. C. P., A. M. Nunes, A. F. Martins, V. L. Dressler, and E. M. M. Flores. 2005. Influence of citric acid as chemical modifier for lead determination in dietary calcium supplement samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta B 60:687–962.
   Google Scholar
• Mir-Marqués, A., M. L. Cervera, and M. Guardia. 2016. Mineral analysis of human diets by spectrometry methods. Trac Trends in Analytical Chemistry 82:457–67. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2016.07.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moret, S., A. Prevarin, and F. Tubaro. 2011. Levels of creatine, organic contaminants and heavy metals in creatine dietary supplements. Food Chemistry 126 (3):1232–8. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nölte, J. 2003. ICP emission spectrometry: A practical guide. New York: Wiley-VCH.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, R. M., M. G. Crizel, D. R. Novo, C. M. M. dos Santos, and M. Mesko. 2013. Multitechnique determination of metals and non-metals in sports supplements after microwave-assisted digestion using diluted acid. Microchemical Journal 108:81–6.
   Google Scholar
• Pinheiro, F. C., D. V. Babos, A. I. Barros, E. R. Pereira-Filho, and J. A. Nóbrega. 2019. Microwave-assisted digestion using dilute nitric acid solution and investigation of calibration strategies for determination of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in dietary supplements using ICP-MS. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 174:471–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, K. A. 2017. Nutritional aspects of the female athlete. Clinics in Sports Medicine 36 (4):627–53. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2017.05.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiavo, D., L. C. Trevizan, E. R. Pereira-Filho, and J. A. Nóbrega. 2009. Evaluation of the use of multiple lines for determination of metals in water by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with axial viewing. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 64 (6):544–8. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2009.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smichowski, P., and A. Londonio. 2018. The role of analytical techniques in the determination of metals and metalloids in dietary supplements: A review. Microchemical Journal 136:113–20. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2016.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen, V., D. Schatzlein, and D. Mercuro. 2003. Limits of detection in spectroscopy. Spectroscopy 18:112–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Voet, G. B., A. Sarafanov, T. I. Todorov, J. A. Centeno, W. B. Jonas, J. A. Ives, and F. G. Mullick. 2008. Clinical and analytical toxicology of dietary supplements: A case study and a review of the literature. Biological Trace Element Research 125 (1):1–12. doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8157-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar