References
- Bach, L., R. D. Norregaard, V. Hansen, and K. Gustavson. 2016. Review on environmental risk assesment of mining chemicals used for mineral separation in the mineral resources industry and recommendations for greenland. Report No 203, Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, Aarhus University, Denmark, 1–32.
- Bulatovic, S. M. 2007. Handbook of flotation reagents chemistry, theory and practice: Flotation of sulfide ores. New York, NY: Elsevier Science.
- Cordeiro, T. G., P. Hidalgo, I. G. R. Gutz, and J. J. Pedrotti. 2010. Flow injection analysis of ethyl xanthate by gas diffusion and UV detection as CS2 for process monitoring of sulfide ore flotation. Talanta 82 (2):790–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.05.055.
- Fontenele, R. S., P. Hidalgo, I. G. R. Gutz, and J. J. Pedrotti. 2007. Flow injection analysis of ethyl xanthate by in-line dialysis and UV spectrophotometric detection. Talanta 72 (3):1017–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.12.027.
- Fu, P., L. Wang, Y. Ma, and Z. Hou. 2020. A comparative study on the degradation of ethyl xanthate collector by O3, UV254nm, UV185 + 254nm, O3/UV254nm and O3/UV185 + 254nm processes. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8 (1):103628. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103628.
- Giner Martínez-Sierra, J., O. Galilea San Blas, J. M. Marchante Gayón, and J. I. García Alonso. 2015. Sulfur analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A review. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 108:35–52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2015.03.016.
- Gosetti, F., E. Mazzucco, D. Zampieri, and M. C. Gennaro. 2010. Signal suppression/enhancement in high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. A 1217 (25):3929–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.060.
- Hao, F., K. J. Davey, W. J. Bruckard, and J. T. Woodcock. 2008. Online analysis for xanthate in laboratory flotation pulps with a UV monitor. International Journal of Mineral Processing 89 (1–4):71–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2008.07.004.
- Hao, F. P., E. Silvester, and G. D. Senior. 2000. Spectroscopic characterization of ethyl xanthate oxidation products and analysis by ion interaction chromatography. Analytical Chemistry 72 (20):4836–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ac991277o.
- Jensen, B. P., C. Smith, I. D. Wilson, and L. Weidolf. 2004. Sensitive sulphur-specific detection of omeprazole metabolites in rat urine by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: RCM 18 (2):181–3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1312.
- Jones, M. H., and J. T. Woodcock. 1986. Dixanthogen determination in flotation liquors by solvent extraction and ultraviolet spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 58 (3):588–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00294a022.
- Kemppinen, J., A. Aaltonen, T. Sihvonen, J. Leppinen, and H. Sirén. 2015. Xanthate degradation occurring in flotation process waters of a gold concentrator plant. Minerals Engineering 80:1–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.05.014.
- Klencsár, B., S. Li, L. Balcaen, and F. Vanhaecke. 2018. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for quantitative metabolite profiling of non-metal drugs. TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 104:118–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.020.
- Kroepfl, N., K. A. Francesconi, T. Schwerdtle, and D. Kuehnelt. 2019. Selenoneine and ergothioneine in human blood cells determined simultaneously by HPLC/ICP-QQQ-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34 (1):127–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1039/C8JA00276B.
- Li, N., Y. Chen, C. Zhang, W. Zhou, M. Y. Fu, W. L. Chen, and S. Wang. 2015. Highly sensitive determination of butyl xanthate in surface and drinking water by headspace gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Chromatographia 78 (19–20):1305–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-015-2940-9.
- Liu, R., W. Sun, K. Ouyang, L. Zhang, and Y. Hu. 2015. Decomposition of sodium butyl xanthate (SBX) in aqueous solution by means of OCF: Ozonator combined with flotator. Minerals Engineering 70:222–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2014.09.020.
- Luukkanen, S., P. Parvinen, M. Miettinen, P. Stén, S. Lähteenmäki, and A. Tuikka. 2003. Monitoring the composition of water of flotation slurries with an on-line analyser. Minerals Engineering 16 (11):1075–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2003.06.006.
- Miller, J. N., and J. C. Miller. 2010. Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry. 6th ed. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
- Montalti, M., D. Fornasiero, and J. Ralston. 1991. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic study of the kinetics of adsorption of ethyl xanthate on pyrite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 143 (2):440–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(91)90278-G.
- Muzinda, I., and N. Schreithofer. 2018. Water quality effects on flotation: impacts and control on residual xanthates. Minerals Engineering 125:34–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.03.032.
- Peltoniemi, M., R. Kallio, A. Tanhua, S. Luukkanen, and P. Perämäki. 2020. Mineralogical and surface chemical characterization of flotation feed and products after wet and dry grinding. Minerals Engineering 156:106500. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106500.
- Pomianowski, A., and J. Leja. 1963. Spectrophotometric study of xanthate and dixanthogen solutions. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 41 (9):2219–30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1139/v63-322.
- Shen, Y., D. R. Nagaraj, R. Farinato, P. Somasundaran, and S. Tong. 2019a. Decomposition of flotation reagents in solutions containing metal ions. Part I: Gaseous compounds from xanthate decomposition. Minerals Engineering 139:105893. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.105893.
- Shen, Y., D. R. Nagaraj, R. Farinato, P. Somasundaran, and S. Tong. 2019b. Decomposition of flotation reagents in solutions containing metal ions. Part II: Interactions between xanthate and metal ions in solutions. Minerals Engineering 139:105832. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.105832.
- Shen, Y., D. R. Nagaraj, R. Farinato, and P. Somasundaran. 2016. Study of xanthate decomposition in aqueous solutions. Minerals Engineering 93:10–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.04.004.
- Sihvonen, T., A. Aaltonen, J. Leppinen, S. Hiltunen, and H. Sirén. 2014. A novel capillary electrophoresis method with pressure assisted field amplified sample injection in determination of thiol collectors in flotation process waters. Journal of Chromatography. A 1325:234–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.036.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor. 2019. Permissible exposure limits–annotated OSHA Z-2 Table. https://www.osha.gov/annotated-pels/table-z-2#notes. Accessed January 1, 2022.
- Weissmahr, K. W., C. L. Houghton, and D. L. Sedlak. 1998. Analysis of the dithiocarbamate fungicides ziram, maneb, and zineb and the flotation agent ethylxanthogenate by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC. Analytical Chemistry 70 (22):4800–4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/ac980626w.
- Zhou, C., A. Bahr, and G. Schwedt. 1989. Studies on the HPLC determination of xanthates via copper(I) xanthates and dixanthogens. Fresenius’ Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie 334 (6):527–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00483571.
- Zhou, C., A. Bahr, and G. Schwedt. 1990. Separation and determination of xanthates in mixtures as dixanthogens by normal-phase HPLC on a diol-phase. Fresenius’ Journal of Analytical Chemistry 338 (8):908–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322031.