0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Industrial Analysis

Analysis of Dimethylsiloxanes in Hydrocarbon Matrices like Marine Fuels Applying a Novel Enrichment Procedure and a Two-Column Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Measurement

, , & ORCID Icon
Received 28 Feb 2024, Accepted 13 Jun 2024, Published online: 01 Jul 2024

References

  • Berthod, A. 1991. Silica: Backbone material of liquid chromatographic column packings. Journal of Chromatography A 549:1–28. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91415-8.
  • Chainet, F., C. P. Lienemann, J. Ponthus, M. Courtiade, and O. F. X. Donard. 2012. Development of heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry for silicon speciation at trace levels in gasoline samples. Journal of Chromatography. A 1264:80–6. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.020.
  • Chainet, F., M. Courtiade, C. P. Lienemann, J. Ponthus, and O. F. X. Donard. 2011. Silicon speciation by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in gasolines. Journal of Chromatography. A 1218 (51):9269–78. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.047.
  • Dubreuil, A. C., F. Chainet, R. M. de Sousa Bartolomeu, F. M. Mota, J. Janvier, and C. P. Lienemann. 2017. Understanding the impact of silicon compounds on metallic catalysts through experiments and multi-technical analysis. Comptes Rendus. Chimie 20 (1):55–66. doi: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.05.020.
  • Ershov, M. A., V. D. Savelenko, A. E. Makhmudova, E. S. Rekhletskaya, U. A. Makhova, V. M. Kapustin, D. Y. Mukhina, and T. M. M. Abdellatief. 2022. Technological potential analysis and vacant technology forecasting in properties and composition of low-sulfur marine fuel oil (VLSFO and ULSFO) bunkered in key world ponts. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 (12):1828. doi: 10.3390/jmse10121828.
  • German Federal Environment Agency. 2023. Maritime shipping (German language: Seeschiffahrt). Accessed July 25, 2023. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/wasser/gewaesser/meere/nutzung-belastungen/schifffahrt#fakten-zur-seeschifffahrt-und-zu-ihren-auswirkungen-auf-die-umwelt.
  • Hübschmann, H. J. 2015. Handbook of GC-MS. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
  • International Maritime Organization. 2019. Guidelines for Consistent Implementation of the 0.50% Sulfur Limit under MARPOL Annex VI (Resolution MEPC.320(74)). https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/Resolution%20MEPC.320%2874%29.pdf.
  • International Organization for Standardization. 2017. ISO 8217. Petroleum products – Fuels (class F) – Specifications of marine fuels. https://www.iso.org/standard/64247.html.
  • Kolb, M., L. Wesemann, P. Eilts, L. Fuhrländer, and H. Wichmann. 2024. Process of SCR-catalyst deactivation by dimethylsiloxanes present in marine fuels. Emission Control Science and Technology, accepted for publication.
  • Merker, G. P., and R. Teichmann, eds. 2018. Basics of combustion engines (German language: Grundlagen Verbrennungsmotoren). Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-19212-9.
  • Statista. 2023. Forecast of the share of propulsion types in the energy consumption of the global shipping fleet in 2030 and 2050 (German language: Prognose zum Anteil der Antriebsarten am Energieverbrauch der globalen Schiffflotte in den Jahren 2030 und 2050). https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1190438/umfrage/prognose-zum-anteil-der-antriebsarten-der-globalen-schifffahrt.
  • Tranchida, P. Q., D. Sciarrone, P. Dugo, and L. Mondello. 2012. Heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography: A review of recent evolution, applications, and future prospects. Analytica Chimica Acta 716:66–75. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.015.
  • Varaprath, S., D. H. Stutts, and G. E. Kozerski. 2006. A primer on the analytical aspects of silicones at trace levels – challenges and artifacts – A review. Silicon Chemistry 3 (1–2):79–102. doi: 10.1007/s11201-006-9005-8.
  • Vogelgesang, J., and J. Hädrich. 1998. Limits of detection, identification and determination: A statistical approach for practitioners. Accreditation and Quality Assurance 3 (6):242–55. doi: 10.1007/s007690050234.