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Is the ‘Darwin-Marx correspondence’ authentic?

Pages 1-12 | Received 09 Dec 1974, Published online: 23 Aug 2006

  • Reminiscences of Marx and Engels 348 – 349 . Moscow (n.d.
  • Aveling , Edward . 1897 . Charles Darwin and Karl Marx: a comparison . The new century review , March and April : 232 – 243 . The letter was reprinted in K. Timiryazeff, ‘Darwin and Marx’, Karl Marx: man, thinker, and revolutionist (ed. D. Ryazanoff: 1927, New York). Timiryazeff rested the authenticity of the letter on ‘the testimony of Marx's son-in-law, Aveling’ (p. 174). Curiously no mention of it was made in V. L. Komarov, ‘Marx and Engels on biology’, in N. I. Bukharin. et al., Marxism and modern thought (trans. Ralph Fox: 1935, New York), 190–234.
  • Lucas , Erhard . 1964 . Marx' und Engels' Auseinandersetzung mit Darwin: zur Differenz zwischen Marx und Engels . International review of social history , 9 : 468 – 469 . Ralph Colp, Jr., ‘The contacts between Karl Marx and Charles Darwin’, Journal of the history of ideas, 35 (1974), 329–338 (pp. 334, 335).
  • Nethercot , Arthur H. 1960 . The first five lives of Annie Besant 175 – 175 . Chicago The file of The national reformer in the New York Public Library does not go beyond 1879; it contains five of the six issues in which Aveling's series of articles, ‘Darwin and his views’, were published. I have therefore not been able to confirm the twenty-nine instalments to which Mr. Nethercot refers.
  • Tribe , Compare David . 1971 . President Charles Bradlaugh, M.P. 124 – 124 . London 126, 127; Max Beer, Fifty years of international socialism (2nd impression: 1937, London), 74.
  • Tribe , David . 1971 . President Charles Bradlaugh, M.P. 187 – 187 . London
  • E.D. 1879 . Darwin and his views . The national reformer , 33 March : 132 – 132 . 2
  • E.D. Darwin and his views The national reformer February 1879 70 70 2 The student's Darwin, 6. Edward B. Aveling, Darwin made easy (1889, London), 8.
  • The national reformer 70 – 70 . Darwin made easy, 9.
  • The national reformer January 1879 50 51 26 The student's Darwin, 236.
  • Aveling , Edward . 1897 . Charles Darwin and Karl Marx: a comparison . The new century review , March and April : 322 – 322 .
  • Aveling , Edward B. 1881 . Irreligion of Science 5 – 5 . London 7
  • Aveling , Edward B. 1881 . The wickedness of God 1 – 1 . London
  • Aveling , Edward B. 1881 . God dies: nature remains 1 – 1 . London 4
  • Aveling , Edward . 1881 . The student's Darwin , ii – ii . London : Freethought Publishing Company . Fellow of University College, Lond.
  • Compare . 1879 . The national reformer , 33 ( 13 ) March no. 16 (20 April 1879).
  • Aveling . The student's Darwin iii – iii .
  • Aveling . The Student's Darwin x – x .
  • Aveling . The Student's Darwin viii – viii .
  • Aveling . The Student's Darwin 9 – 9 . According to H. L. McKinney, the experience of Alfred Russel Wallace with South Sea aborigines was similarly a cardinal factor in moving him toward the discovery of the theory of natural selection. Compare Wallace and natural selection (1972, New Haven), 84–85, 94–96.
  • Aveling . The Student's Darwin 338 – 338 .
  • Darwin , Francis , ed. 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 1 , 286 – 286 . London
  • Darwin , Francis , ed. 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 1 , 286 – 286 . London
  • Aveling , Edward . 1897 . Charles Darwin and Karl Marx: a Comparison . The new century review , March and April : 323 – 323 .
  • Darwin , Francis . 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 1 , 285 – 285 . London
  • Bonner , Hypatia Bradlaugh . 1902 . Charles Bradlaugh Vol. 2 , 23 – 24 . London
  • Arnstein , Walter L. 1965 . The Bradlaugh case: A study in late Victorian opinion and politics 22 – 22 . Oxford
  • Bonner , Hypatia . 1902 . Charles Bradlaugh Vol. 2 , 128 – 128 . London
  • Darwin , Francis . 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 1 , 286 – 286 . London
  • Colp , Ralph Jr. 1974 . The contacts between Karl Marx and Charles Darwin . Journal of the history of ideas , 35 : 335 – 335 .
  • Lucas , Erhard . 1974 . The contacts between Karl Marx and Charles Darwin . Journal of the history of ideas , 35 : 468 – 469 . Cited in Colp (footnote 3), 336.
  • Darwin , Francis . 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 1 , 97 – 97 . London
  • Darwin , Francis . 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. iv , v – v . London
  • Gruber , Howard E. 1961 . Marx and Das Kapital . Isis , 52 : 582 – 582 .
  • Colp , Ralph Jr. 1974 . The contacts between Karl Marx and Charles Darwin . Journal of the history of ideas , 35 : 334 – 334 . Howard E. Gruber, ibid., 582. S. A. Barnett wrote earlier: ‘the autographed copy of Marx's Capital remains uncut at Downe House’. S.A. Barnett (ed.), A century of Darwin (1908, London), xv.
  • Ervine , St. John . 1956 . Bernard Shaw: his life, work and friends 408 – 409 . London Bernard Shaw, Sixteen self sketches (1949, London), 103–104.
  • Hyndman , Henry Mayers . 1912 . Further reminiscences 145 – 146 . London
  • Hyndman , Henry Mayers . 1912 . Further reminiscences 142 – 142 . London
  • Bernstein Eduard My years of exile: reminiscences of a socialist London 1921 162 162 (trans. Bernard Miall: Professor Colp incidentally makes the statement that Aveling was ‘the one man who had met both Marx and Darwin’ (footnote 3, 337). This was probably not the case. Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, later the most eminent zoologist in Britain, advised Marx on his medical problems, and had his trust and friendship. He attended Marx's funeral. He also corresponded with Darwin on scientific issues, and had his high esteem. Compare Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Correspondence: 1846–1895 (trans. Dona Torr: 1934, London), 388–389, 414; Reminiscences of Marx and Engels (n.d., Moscow), 353.
  • Darwin , Francis . 1896 . The life and letters of Charles Darwin Vol. 1 , 98 – 98 . London

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