- Schiller , Joseph . 1968 . Physiology's struggle for independence . History of science , 7 : 64 – 87 .
- Geison , G. 1967 . “ Towards a substance of life: concepts of protoplasm, 1835–1870 ” . In Master's thesis , 79 – 80 . Yale University . As F. L. Holmes has observed, before the 1860s ‘The implications of cell theory for physiology … had been primarily deductions from microscopic observations and had not been closely related to or dependent upon the type of experimentation which had occupied most physiologists’ (‘The milieu intérieur and the cell theory’, Bull. hist. med., 37 (1963), 315–335 (p. 316)).
- This interpretation is developed in Gross M. Function and structure in nineteenth century French physiology Ph.D. thesis Princeton University 1975 and in ‘The lessened locus of feelings: a transformation in French physiology in the early nineteenth century’, J. hist. biol., 12 (1979), 231–271.
- Canguilhem , Georges . 1968 . “ La constitution de la physiologic comme science ” . In Etudes d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences 227 – 228 . Paris
- A clear account of this relationship appears in Lewontin R. Adaptation Scientific American September 1978 239 213 229
Annals of Science
Volume 38, 1981 - Issue 3