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John Flamsteed's letter concerning the natural causes of earthquakes

Frances Willmoth Emmanuel College, Cambridge, CB2 3AP, U.K.
Pages 23-70 | Received 25 Jul 1986, Published online: 23 Aug 2006

  • Taylor , E.G.R. 1954 . The Mathematical Practitioners of Tudor & Stuart England 112 – 112 . Cambridge
  • Baily , Francis . 1835 . An Account of the Revd. John Flamsteed xxx – xxx . London reprinted 1966 W. H. McCrea, The Royal Greenwich Observatory (London, 1975), p. 7.
  • Forbes , Eric G. 1975 . Greenwich Observatory, I, Origins and Early History (1675–1835) ix – ix . London
  • In letter of 26 October 1700 to Dr T. Smith, Curator of the Cottonian Library Baily An Account of the Revd. John Flamsteed London 1835 746 746 compare letter of 21 October 1704 to A. Sharp complaining that Royal Society members ‘understand little but vegetables’, p. 218.
  • Baily . 746 – 746 . (see footnote 4).
  • Baily . 173 – 173 .
  • Flamsteed's concern for astronomical history is shown in The Preface to his Historia Coelestis Britannica Chapman A. London 1982 see also footnote 136. His interest in magnetism in the 1690s is indicated by letters in The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, edited by H. W. Turnbull, 7 vols (Cambridge, 1959–77), IV (1967) 37, 45; earlier magnetic research is suggested by Taylor (footnote 1), p. 243, though I have not found evidence for this. For the speed of light and for refractions, see Section 4 (footnotes 222–23, 170–85).
  • Kennedy , J.E. and Sarjeant , W.A.S. 1982 . “Earthquakes in the Air”: the Seismological Theory of John Flamsteed (1693) . Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada , 76 : 213 – 223 .
  • Dr T. Smith to Flamsteed, 31 October 1700: Baily 747 747
  • A reaction seen, e.g., in Shower John Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes London 1693 128 128 Port Royal was ‘purely English’.
  • Doolittle , Thomas . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Sept. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea London title page.
  • RGO 1/42 fol. 71v; for earlier Smyrna earthquake see also The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Waller R. London 1705 312 312 new edition 1971
  • Bray , W. , ed. 1906 . The Diary of John Evelyn Esq., F.R.S. Vol. III , 107 – 107 . London 4 vols
  • Turnbull . 1960 . The Preface to his Historia Coelestis Britannica Edited by: Chapman , A. Vol. II , 315n – 315n . London J. and J. A. Venn, Alumni Cantabrigiensis, 10 vols (Cambridge, 1922–54), I vol. II, 147, 222.
  • Horn , D.B. , ed. 1932 . British Diplomatic Representatives, 1689–1789 119 – 119 . London Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1693 (certificate of 4 November 1693).
  • Venn . 1922–54 . Alumni Cantabrigiensis Vol. 10 , 222 – 222 . Cambridge J. Nichols, The History and Antiquities of Leicestershire, 4 vols in 8 (London, 1795–1815), III part 2, 846; Dictionary of National Biography.
  • Venn . 1922–54 . Alumni Cantabrigiensis Vol. I , 379 – 379 . Cambridge 10 vols vol. III Horn, editor (footnote 25) pp. 50, 119; Calendars of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1691–92 (entries for 26 December 1691, and 19 May, 22 September and 25 October 1692), and 1693 (as footnote 25).
  • RGO 1/42 fols 186–91 is a list of Flamsteed's library dated 1684; no work by Keckermann is listed there, but collections of his lectures on mathematical and natural-philosophical subjects were produced in a number of editions and probably easily obtainable Dictionary of Scientific Biography
  • Turnbull . 1961 . The Preface to his Historia Coelestis Britannica Edited by: Chapman , A. Vol. III , 264 – 265 . London editor in the manuscript, CUL Add. 3979.11, the covering letter was transcribed last, at fol. 4r.
  • Gunther , R.W.T. , ed. 1928 . Further Correspondence of John Ray 295 – 295 . London
  • Hunter , M. 1982 . The Royal Society and its Fellows, 1660–1700 217 – 217 . Chalfont St. Giles (Fellow 327)
  • Gunther , R.T. 1923–45 . Early Science in Oxford Vol. 14 , 236 – 236 . Oxford x (1935)
  • Some lectures printed by Waller The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Waller R. London 1705 279 345 e.g. 416–50.
  • Baily, p. 132 Gunther R.T. Early Science in Oxford Oxford 1923–45 14 207 207 Gunther
  • Taylor , J.G. 1975 . Eighteenth-century Earthquake Theories: A Case-history Investigation into the Character of the Study of the Earth in the Enlightenment Oklahoma unpublished Ph.D. thesis
  • Beaumont , John . 1693 . Considerations On a Book Entituled The Theory of the Earth. Published some Years since by the Learned Dr Burnet 28 – 28 . London The book is dedicated ‘To his Honour'd Friend, Dr Robert Hooke F.R.S.’.
  • Anon., Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica, June the 7th 1692. Written by a Reverend Divine there to his Friend in London. With some Improvement thereof by another Hand London 1693
  • Shower . 1693 . Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes 128 – 128 . London The author is described in an address to the reader of the second edition. 1750; for his sources see first edition pp. viii, 7–9, 130, 154.
  • Doolittle . 1666 . A Serious Enquiry for a Suitable Return, for Continued Life, in and after a Time of Great Mortality, by a Wasting Plague (Anno 1665) London and footnote 13.
  • H[allywell] , C. 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 2 – 2 . London 14.
  • ‘R. B.’ [Nathaniel Crouch] A General History of Earthquakes…from the Creation to this time…And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily… London 1694
  • In Philosophical Collections no. 6 Philosophical Transactions, nos 151, 20 September 1683, and 157, 20 March 1683/4.
  • Philosophical Transactions, no. 157 512 – 512 .
  • July–August 1693 . Philosophical Transactions July–August , nos 202, for 207, of 1694, and 209, for March–April 1694.
  • Waller , R. , ed. 1705 . Posthumous Works 374 – 374 . London
  • Boyle , R. 1685 . An Essay of the Great Effects of Even Languid and Unheeded Motion Whereunto is Annexed an Experimental Discourse of some little observed Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air and its Effects 53 – 53 . London 58, 2 (all in the Experimental Discourse); Waller, editor (footnote 16), p. 432.
  • Doolittle . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Septe. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea 84 – 84 . London
  • Blome , R. 1682 . Cosmography and Geography, In Two Parts: The First … From that Eminent and much Esteemed Geographer, Varenius … Second … from Monsieur Sanson … 52 – 52 . London translator third impression, 1693), 32–33. The earliest Latin edition appeared in 1650; many others followed.
  • Heylin , P. 1652 . Cosmographie in Four Books, containing the chorographie and historie of the whole World and all the principal Kingdoms, Provinces, Seas, and Isles thereof 73 – 73 . London fifth edition, 1669
  • Boyle . 1685 . An Essay of the Great Effects of Even Languid and Unheeded Motion Whereunto is Annexed an Experimental Discourse of some little observed Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air and its Effects 129 – 129 . London supplement J. Ray, Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration (London, 1693), p. 21.
  • Kircher , A. 1664 . Mundus Subterraneus Amsterdam Calabrian earthquake at fol. 3.
  • Doolittle . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Sept. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea 53 – 53 . London Ray (footnote 70), p. 216, citing the Journal des Sçavans of 1 June 1682.
  • Aristotle . 1952 . Meteorologica 165 – 165 . London translated by H. D. P. Lee 205–11, 225, 231.
  • Crouch . 1694 . A General History of Earthquakes … from the Creation to this time … And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily… 4 – 4 . London
  • Doolittle . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Sept. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea 57 – 57 . London
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 19 – 19 . London
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 209 – 209 . London
  • Burnet , T. 1684 . The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of all the General Changes Which it hath already undergone, or is to undergo Till the Consummation of all Things 120 – 120 . London
  • Crouch . 1694 . A General History of Earthquakes … from the Creation to this time … And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily … 153 – 153 . London 163.
  • Steno's use of such concepts is especially striking because it accompanied an unusually sophisticated understanding of the formation of geological strata. See his Canis Carchariae Dissectum Caput 1667 part translated by A. Garboe as The Earliest Geological Treatise (New York, 1958), pp. 21–23, 29. His works attracted attention in England in the 1670s.
  • Doolittle . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Sept. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea 50 – 50 . London 21
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 3 – 3 . London Steno (footnote 81), pp. 22–23, 26–27; the same idea recurs in The Family Memoirs of the Rev. William Stukeley, M. D., and the Antiquarian and other Correspondence of William Stukeley, Roger and Samuel Gale, etc., edited by W. C. Lukins (Surtees Society, 73, 76 and 80, 1882–87) I, 400, in a Stukeley letter of 1750: ‘that God Almighty has made the pipcs of springs and fountains like our veins and arterys, and that they are filled with water, not with fire’.
  • Boyle . 1685 . An Essay of the Great Effects of Even Languid and Unheeded Motion Whereunto is Annexed an Experimental Discourse of some little observed Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air and its Effects 135 – 135 . London supplement Waller, editor (footnote 16), p. 347.
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 20 – 20 . London
  • Baily . 1954 . The Mathematical Practitioners of Tudor & Stuart England 9 – 10 . Cambridge (Flamsteed's autobiography, from RGO 1/32A).
  • Hall , A.R. and Hall , M.B. , eds. 1965–77 . The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg Vol. VII , 265 – 265 . Madison, London 11 vols (1970)
  • Hartop , M. 1693 . Philosophical Transactions, no. 202 , : 828 – 828 . letter Burnet (footnote 79), pp. 117, 119; RGO 1/69C fol. 95v; CUL Add. 3979.11 fol. 3v.
  • Job 9.5; Isaiah 24. 17–20; Numbers 16. 31–32; quoted by Shower Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes London 1693 45 45 and Crouch (footnote 60) from p. 7
  • Matthew 27. 51, 28. 2; Acts 4. 31, 16. 26; Revelations 8. 5, 11. 19, 16. 18; quoted by Shower and Crouch (as) Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes London 1693 these and similar quotations were also much used by Doolittle and others
  • Crouch . 1694 . A General History of Earthquakes … from the Creation to this time … And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily … 7 – 7 . London and address to the reader
  • Crouch . 1694 . A General History of Earthquakes … from the Creation to this time … And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily … 167 – 167 . London Shower (footnote 57), p. 58.
  • Crouch . 1694 . A General History of Earthquakes … from the Creation to this time … And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily … London address to the reader
  • Doolittle . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Sept. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea London introduction (‘An Humble Warning …’)
  • Shower . 1693 . Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes 127 – 127 . London
  • Shower . 1693 . Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes 128 – 128 . London
  • Shower . 1693 . Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes 174 – 174 . London Preface and
  • Crouch . 1694 . A General History of Earthquakes … from the Creation to this time … And particularly those lately in Naples, Smyrna, Jamaica and Sicily … 25 – 25 . London 140
  • As The Diary of John Evelyn Esq., F.R.S. Bray W. London 1906 III 54 54 4 vols
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 31 – 31 . London
  • Shower . 1693 . Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particularl, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes viii – viii . London Preface
  • Doolittle . 1693 . Earthquakes Explained and Practically Improved: Occasioned by the late Earthquake on Sept. 8 1692. in London, many other parts in England, and beyond Sea London introduction (‘An Humble Warning …’)
  • Burnet . 1684 . The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of all the General Changes Which it hath already undergone, or is to undergo Till the Consummation of all Things 120 – 120 . London Preface
  • Burnet . 1684 . The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of all the General Changes Which it hath already undergone, or is to undergo Till the Consummation of all Things 314 – 314 . London
  • Burnet . 1684 . The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of all the General Changes Which it hath already undergone, or is to undergo Till the Consummation of all Things 315 – 315 . London
  • Sloane . xiii – xiii . as cited in text
  • 1726 . New Memoirs of Literature , III February : 98 – 98 .
  • Aspects of the controversy are described in Rossi Paolo The Dark Abyss of Time: the history of the earth and the history of nations from Hooke to Vico Chicago, London 1984 translated by L. G. Cochrane
  • In Isaac Newton's Papers and Letters on Natural Philosophy Cohen I. Bernard Cambridge 1958 387 387 (p. 35 in original work)
  • Cohen , I. Bernard , ed. 1958 . Isaac Newton's Papers and Letters on Natural Philosophy 388 – 388 . Cambridge (p. 36 in original work)
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 14 – 14 . London 2, 17
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I, The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 216 – 216 . London 197, 201; Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution and Changes of the World. Wherein The Primitive Chaos and Creation, the General Deluge, … the Universal Conflagration and Future State, are largely Discussed and Examined (London, 1692), p. 153.
  • Miscellaneous Discourses 64 – 67 . 98–99
  • Miscellaneous Discourses 44 – 44 . 135–41
  • Miscellaneous Discourses 219 – 219 . (contents summary); (as footnote 70)
  • Hallywell . 1666 . A Serious Enquiry for a Suitable Return, for Continued Life, in and after a Time of Great Mortality, by a Wasting Plague (Anno 1665) 17 – 17 . London
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I, The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 206 – 206 . London
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I, The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 209 – 209 . London 207
  • Shower . 1693 . Practical Reflections on the Late Earthquakes in Jamaica, England, Sicily, Malta &c. Anno 1692 With a Particular, Historical Account of those, and divers other Earthquakes 7 – 9 . London
  • Baily . 1835 . An Account of the Revd. John Flamsteed 9 – 9 . London (from RGO 1/32A, written to show that (p. 7): ‘I was not so wholly taken up either with my father's business or my mathematics, but that I both admitted and found time for other weighty considerations’).
  • Baily . 1835 . An Account of the Revd. John Flamsteed 37 – 37 . London (from RGO 1/32B, another autobiographical piece).
  • As The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Waller R. London 1705 xiii xiii 418, 427–28, from 278 and from 350. See also D. R. Oldroyd, ‘Robert Hooke's Methodology of Science as exemplified in his “Discourse of Earthquakes”’, British Journal for the History of Science, 6 (1972), 109–30; A. J. Turner, ‘Hooke's Theory of the Earth's Axial Displacement: Some Contemporary Opinion’, idem, 7 (1974), 166–70; and R. Rappaport, ‘Hooke on Earthquakes: Lectures, Strategy and Audience’, idem, 19 (1986), 129–46.
  • As Further Correspondence of John Ray Gunther R.W.T. London 1928 295 295
  • See Schaffer S. Halley's Atheism and the End of the world Notes and Records of the Royal Society 1977 32 17 40 in
  • Schaffer , S. 1977 . Halley's Atheism and the End of the World . Notes and Records of the Royal Society , 32 : 22 – 22 .
  • As The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Waller R. London 1705 xxiv xxiv as footnote 66, pp. 50–51.
  • As Boyle R. An Essay of the Great Effects of Even Languid and Unheeded Motion Whereunto is Annexed an Experimental Discourse of some little observed Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air and its Effects London 1685 23 23 50, 85.
  • CUL Add. 3979.11 fol. 3v Flamsteed Letter concerning Earthquakes London 1750 19 19
  • March 1683/4 . Philosophical Transactions no. 157 March , 512 – 512 . (20
  • RGO 1/69C fol. 95r; RGO 1/36 fol. 65r; CUL Add. 3979. 11 fol. 4r (copy); Trin. Coll. MS R.4.42 letter 16, on enclosed loose sheet; Flamsteed Letter concerning Earthquakes 15 15
  • As Kennedy J.E. Sarjeant W.A.S. “Earthquakes in the Air”: the Seismological Theory of John Flamsteed (1693) Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 1982 76 219 219
  • Hooke , R. 1665 . Micrographia 219 – 219 . London reprint New York, 1961 Preface, pp. 217–33.
  • March 1665/6 . Philosophical Transactions March , no. 10 (12
  • As Hooke R. Micrographia London 1665 224 224 Baily, p. 35 (from RGO 1/32B).
  • Baily . 35 – 35 . (from RGO 1/32B).
  • Birch , T. 1756–57 . The History of the Royal Society of London Vol. 4 , 511 – 512 . London III
  • Birch , T. 1756–57 . The History of the Royal Society of London Vol. 4 , 462 – 462 . London
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 28 – 28 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 11 October 1694); also in Baily (footnote 2), p. 134.
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 57 – 57 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 10 December 1694).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 61 – 61 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 20 December 1694).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 63 – 63 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 31 December 1694), 28 (11 October 1694).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 67 – 67 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 15 January 1694/5).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 86 – 86 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 16 February 1694/5); the series of letters on this subject covers September 1694–March 1694/5.
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 71 – 71 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 18 January 1694/5).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 71 – 71 . Cambridge 7 vols
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 68 – 68 . Cambridge 7 vols (noted reply to letter of 15 January 1694/5).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 86 – 87 . Cambridge 7 vols (letter 16 February 1694/5).
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 89 – 89 . Cambridge 7 vols
  • Turnbull . 1959–77 . The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Edited by: Turnbull , H.W. Vol. IV , 54 – 54 . Cambridge 7 vols (draft letter 6 December 1694).
  • On height of atmosphere Turnbull The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Turnbull H.W. Cambridge 1959–77 IV 51 51 7 vols (letter 27 November 1694).
  • Letter from W. Derham about Mrs Flamsteed's microscope, 9 September 1708, RGO 1/36 fol. 146; for Boyle see Partington J.R. A History of Chemistry 1961–70 4 523 524 II (1961)
  • Birch . 1756–57 . The History of the Royal Society of London Vol. III , 333 – 333 . London 4 vols RS MSS 243 (Fl) passim.
  • See, e.g., McKie D. Fire and the Flamma Vitalis: Boyle, Hooke and Mayow Science, Medicine and History Underwood E. Ashworth London 1953 2 469 488 I
  • Waller , R. , ed. 1705 . Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke 46 – 46 . London
  • As Hooke R. Micrographia London 1665 13 13
  • Boyle , R. 1692 . The General History of the Air… 3 – 4 . London
  • Quoted in Boas M. Robert Boyle and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry Cambridge 1958 187 187 Boyle's air theories are discussed from p. 184.
  • Boyle . 1685 . An Essay of the Great Effects of Even Languid and Unheeded Motion Whereunto is Annexed an Experimental Discourse of some little observed Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air and its Effects 132 – 132 . London supplement
  • Lister . March 1683/4 . Philosophical Transactions no. 157 March , 514 – 514 . 20
  • No. 151 317 – 317 . also with earthquake reports in no. 209 (1694).
  • Dictionary of Scientific Biography
  • Though see also Turnbull The Correspondence of Isaac Newton Turnbull H.W. Cambridge 1959–77 II 404 404 7 vols CUL Add. 3979.11 fol. 2v.
  • Newsheet (1692) quoted in The Life and Times of Anthony Wood Clark A. Oxford 1891–1900 III 401 401 5 vols travellers in Italy included Boyle, see R. E. W. Maddison, The Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle (London, 1969), p. 51, and Evelyn (footnote 19), III, 469.
  • RGO 1/36 fol. 65v; Hooke quoted by Carozzi A.B. Robert Hooke, Rudolf Erich Raspe, and the Concept of Earthquakes Isis 1970 61 85 91 (p. 86), source not traced, but cf. Posthumous Works (footnote 16), p. 169; Lister (footnote 148), pp. 512–14.
  • In the Philosophical Transactions of 1716, quoted by Wolf A. A History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century , second edition London 1938 303 304 1952
  • 1931 . Edition of 1730 reprinted 379 – 379 . New York 1952
  • As Boyle R. An Essay of the Great Effects of Even Languid and Unheeded Motion Whereunto is Annexed an Experimental Discourse of some little observed Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air and its Effects London 1685 36 36 cf. pp. 22–23; for Boyle's work on nitre see R. G. Frank, Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists (Berkeley, London, 1980), chapter 5.
  • No. 151 316 – 317 .
  • As The Diary of John Evelyn Esq., F.R.S. Bray W. London 1906 III 467 472 4 vols
  • Bray , W. , ed. 1906 . The Diary of John Evelyn Esq., F.R.S. Vol. III , 467 – 467 . London 4 vols
  • Bray , W. , ed. 1906 . The Diary of John Evelyn Esq., F.R.S. Vol. III , 468 – 468 . London 4 vols 470, 471.
  • Taylor , K. 1975 . Eighteenth-century Earthquake Theories: A Case-history Investigation into the Character of the Study of the Earth in the Enlightenment Oklahoma unpublished Ph.D. thesis has briefly surveyed this background; see also H. Guerlac, ‘The Poets' Nitre’, Isis, 45 (1954), 243–55.
  • 1646 . London , third edition 1658), book 2, 68–69.
  • As The Diary of John Evelyn Esq., F.R.S. Bray W. London 1906 III 467 467 4 vols
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 216 – 216 . London 201; Miscellaneous Discourses (footnote 120), p. 143.
  • Ray . 1713 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration , revised edition 10 – 10 . London Dictionary of National Biography.
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 195 – 195 . London
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 22 – 22 . London
  • Ray . 1693 . Three Physico-Theological Discourses, Concerning I. The Primitive Chaos, and Creation of the World. II. The General Deluge … III. The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagration 194 – 197 . London
  • As The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke Waller R. London 1705 170 170
  • Waller , R. , ed. 1705 . The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke 425 – 425 . London
  • As Edition of 1730 reprinted New York 1931 380 380
  • Cudworth , W. 1889 . Life and Correspondence of Abraham Sharp 124 – 125 . London cf. pp. 71–73, 117–23.
  • RGO 1/42 fol. 72r; cf. Boyle's ‘igneous atoms’: fire theories discussed by Boas The History of the Royal Society of London London 1756–57 III 193 204 4 vols especially 197.
  • Its history described by Frank Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists Berkeley, London 1980 chapter 4 and passim.
  • Frank . 1980 . Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists 105 – 105 . Berkeley, London chapter 6.
  • Frank . 1980 . Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists 190 – 190 . Berkeley, London 221.
  • Quoted in Bennett J.A. A Note on Theories of Respiration and Muscular Action in England c. 1660 Medical History 1976 20 59 69 (p. 65); Frank (footnote 228) pp. 248–49.
  • Frank . 1980 . Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists Berkeley, London chapter 10
  • Frank . 1980 . Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists 258 – 260 . Berkeley, London the Tractatus Quinque translated as Medico-Physical Works (Oxford, 1674; translation Edinburgh, 1907), summarized fully in contents list, pp. vii–xx.
  • Frank . 1980 . Harvey and the Oxford Physiologists Berkeley, London contents list for chapters 5, 7, 15 and 13.
  • Hallywell . 1693 . A Philosophical Discourse of Earthquakes: Occasioned by the Late Earthquake, September the 8th 1692 3 – 3 . London
  • Taylor . 1975 . Eighteenth-century Earthquake Theories: A Case-history Investigation into the Character of the Study of the Earth in the Enlightenment 81 – 81 . Oklahoma unpublished Ph.D. thesis also Kennedy (footnote 9), pp. 217–18, 220.
  • Rousseau , G.S. 1968 . The London Earthquakes of 1750 . Cahiers d'histoire mondiale , XI ( 3 ) : 436 – 451 . describes the 1750 debate, though perpetuating the common fallacy that this marked the start of ‘scientific’ earthquake studies (p. 442). His reference to ‘Sir’ John Flamsteed's earthquakes treatise as first published in 1693 is also misleading (p. 443). Taylor (footnote 53) rehearses the arguments in detail. For earth history, see Stukeley (footnote 83) II, 353–54.
  • 1750 . Philosophical Transactions, no. 497 644 – 644 . Appendix 745
  • 1750 . Philosophical Transactions, no. 497 643 – 643 . Stukeley (footnote 83), II, p. 379.
  • As Philosophical Transactions, no. 497 1750 669 681 for Hales and Stukeley see S. Schaffer, ‘Natural Philosophy and Public Spectacle’, British Journal for the History of Science, 21 (1983), 1–43, especially 16–19.
  • Rousseau . 1968 . The London Earthquakes of 1750 . Cahiers d'histoire mondiale , XI ( 3 ) : 443 – 443 . Taylor (footnote 53), pp. 70–90.
  • Stukeley's note Philosophical Transactions, no. 497 1750 is the only contemporary reference to Flamsteed's Letter that I have found.
  • Dictionary of National Biography
  • Dictionary of National Biography correspondence now at British Library.
  • Dictionary of National Biography
  • Stukeley . 1882–87 . The Family Memoirs of the Rev. William Stukeley, M. D., and the Antiquarian and other Correspondence of William Stukeley, Roger and Samuel Gale, etc. Edited by: Lukins , W.C. Vol. II , 370 – 370 . (Surtees Society, 73, 76 and 80

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