- Gould , Rupert . 1923 . The Marine Chronometer London last reprinted 1973
- Lee , Sidney , ed. 1899 . “ Cornelius Varley ” . In Dictionary of National Biography Vol. LVIII , 148 – 149 . London in [hereafter referred to as DNB] Includes notes on Samuel Varley.
- Varley , Samuel . 1798 . On the Irregularity in the Rate of Going of Time-Pieces occasioned by the Influence of Magnetism . Philosophical Magazine , 1 : 16 – 21 .
- Varley . 1798 . On the Irregularity in the Rate of Going of Time-Pieces occasioned by the Influence of Magnetism . Philosophical Magazine , 1 : 16 – 16 .
- Fisher , George . 1820 . On the Errors in Longitude as determined by Chronometer at Sea, arising from the action of the iron in the ships upon the Chronometer . Philosophical Transactions , 110 : 196 – 208 .
- Stephen , Leslie , ed. 1889 . “ George Fisher ” . In DNB Vol. XIX , 56 – 57 .
- Fisher . 1820 . On the Errors in Longitude as determined by Chronometer at Sea, arising from the action of the iron in the ships upon the Chronometer . Philosophical Transactions , 110 : 198 – 198 .
- Gould . 1923 . The Marine Chronometer 268 – 272 . London
- Mudge , W. 1821 . On the Difference between the Land and Sea Rates of Chronometers, deduced from the Register kept on board his Majesty's ship Leven, in two Voyages to the Cape de Verd Islands . Edinburgh Philosophical Journal , 5 : 378 – 380 . Lee, ‘William Mudge’, DNB, XXXIX (1894), 259–60. Mudge was the son of William Mudge who was one of General Roy's principal assistants in the triangulation surveys of England in the 1790s. The younger Mudge learned his surveying under William FitzWilliam Owen on the coasts of West Africa and Mudge later surveyed the coasts of Ireland.
- Barlow , Peter . 1848 . “ Magnetism ” . In Encyclopaedia Metropolitana Vol. III , 735 – 847 . London in (pp. 803-8)
- Stephen . 1885 . Peter Barlow . DNB , V : 222 – 224 . Peter Barlow, Essay on Magnetic Attraction (London, 1820, second expanded edition, 1823).
- Barlow , Peter . 1821 . On the effects produced in the rates of Chronometers by the proximity of masses of Iron . Philosophical Transactions , 111 : 361 – 389 .
- Barlow . 1821 . On the Difference between the Land and Sea Rates of Chronometers, deduced from the Register kept on board his Majesty's Ship Leven, in two Voyages to the Cape de Verd Islands . Edinburgh Philosophical Journal , 5 : 807 – 807 . (footnote 13), p. 381
- Barlow . 1821 . On the effects produced in the rates of Chronometers by the proximity of masses of Iron . Philosophical Transactions , 111 : 383 – 383 .
- Barlow . 1821 . On the effects produced in the rates of Chronometers by the proximity of masses of Iron . Philosophical Transactions , 111 : 186 – 186 . It cannot be said with certainty which of the Frodsham family this is. William James Frodsham (I) flourished c. 1760–1804 and William James Frodsham (II) (born c. 1768-died 1850) was then Parkinson's partner. William (II) had three sons, Charles, Henry and John, all of whom were associated with the Parkinson and Frodsham firm at one time or another. However, William (II) is the mostly likely since the sons do not appear to have been active c. 1820.
- Scoresby , William . 1820 . An Acount of the Arctic Regions, with a history and description of the Northern Whale Fishery Vol. 2 , Edinburgh T. and C. Stamp, William Scoresby, Arctic Scientist (Whitby, 1976). A. McConnell, ‘The Scientific Life of William Scoresby Jnr. with a Catalogue of his Instruments and Apparatus in the Whitby Museum’, Annals of Science, 43 (1986), 257–86. Lee, ‘William Scoresby’, DNB, li (1897), 6–8.
- Scoresby , William . 1823 . Observations on the Errors in the Sea-Rates of Chronometers, arising from the Magnetism of their Balances; with Suggestions for removing this source of Error . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , 9 : 353 – 364 .
- Scoresby . 1823 . Observations on the Errors in the Sea-Rates of Chronometers, arising from the Magnetism of their Balances; with Suggestions for removing this source of Error . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh , 9 : 355 – 355 .
- Barlow . 1821 . On the Difference between the Land and Sea Rates of Chronometers, deduced from the Register kept on board his Majestry's Ship Leven, in two Voyages to the Cape de Verd Islands . Edinburgh Philosophical Journal , 5 : 808 – 808 .
- Wauchope , R. 1830 . Plan for ascertaining the Rates of Chronometers by Signal . Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal , 8 : 160 – 162 . Wauchope, p. 160, says he approached the Lords of the Admiralty in 1818 and again in 1824 on the topic of signals. R. Wauchope, ‘Description of the Apparatus or Signal-Post for regulating Chronometers’, Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 8 (1830), 289–91.
- Wauchope . 1830 . Plan for ascertaining the Rates of Chronometers by Signal . Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal , 8 : 161 – 161 .
- South , James . 1822 . Observations on the Chronometrical Arrangements now carried on at the Royal Observatory under the authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, tending to show their Inadequacy to the purpose for which they were designed . Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and Arts , 23 : 211 – 218 . Rating had begun at the Royal Observatory in 1821 and by 1840 one third of the staff's time was spent on activities related to chronometer rating—much to Airy's (the Astronomer Royal) great disapproval.
- Howse , Derek . 1980 . Greenwich Time 79 – 80 . Oxford
- Bedini , Silvio . 1975 . Thinkers and Tinkers, Early American Men of Science 353 – 353 . New York or Gould (footnote 1), p. 222
- Jones , B.J. and Boyd , L.G. 1971 . Harvard College Observatory 40 – 110 . Cambridge, Mass.
- Bond , William C. 1833 . Observations on the Comparative Rates of Marine Chronometers . Memoirs of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , 1 : 84 – 90 . new series
- Note that a maker's signature on a chronometer does not guarantee that it was made by him. The chronometer ‘maker’ may more correctly be described as one who assembled the components made by suppliers and who carried out the very precise adjustments to make the instrument perform to the standards required of a ‘chronometer’. But even these functions were not necessarily carried out by the signed maker. Alun Davies has described the ‘factory’ of Arnold Dent Annals of Science 1978 35 509 525 in
- Gould . 1923 . The Marine Chronometer 175 – 176 . London Middle temperature error results from the fact that the compensation is defined for two extreme temperatures but will differ between these. It was recognized by Ferdinand Berthoud, but the concept was lost until c. 1833. Edward Dent later claimed to have discovered it, but Gould was not convinced.
- Arnold and Dent . 1833 . “ Magnetic Experiments on Chronometers ” . In Nautical Magazine Vol. 15 , 262 – 277 . London Gould (footnote 1), pp. 160, 168, 176, etc.
- Arnold and Dent . 1923 . The Marine Chronometer 263 – 263 . London
- 1983 . Historical Technology, Inc. 11 – 11 . Catalog 125 See item 40. Where the patent was held for the platinum and silver balance in 1833 is not known. Bennet Woodcroft does not list it among British patents in Alphabetical Index of Patentees of Inventions 1617–1852 (London, 1854; reprinted 1969).
- Bowditch , Nathaniel . 1860 . American Practical Navigator , 29th edition 369 – 369 . New York
- Howse . 1980 . Greenwich Time 227 – 228 . Oxford Howse lists 16 time-balls operational plus five expected to be operational in 1860–61.
Annals of Science
Volume 44, 1987 - Issue 3