Galileo's French correspondents

References

• Westman , Robert . 1980 . The Astronomer's Role in the Sixteenth Century: A Preliminary Study . History of Science , 18 : 105 – 147 . B. S. Rideley, ‘Dalibray, Le Pailleur and the “New Astronomy” in French Seventeenth-century Poetry’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 17 (1956), 3–27. Westman's list of confirmed Copernicans includes no Frenchmen; the only French astronomer he mentions is Ramus.
   Google Scholar
• Pingré , A.G. 1901 . Annales celestes du dix-septième siècle Paris Drake, ‘Galileo in English Literature of the Seventeenth Century’, in Galileo Man of Science, edited by E. McMullin (New York, 1967), p. 413. Drake's only statistic is that French works favourable to Galileo constitute less than 30 per cent of a total of 56.
   Google Scholar
• See Baumgartner Change and Continuity in the French Episcopate: The Bishops and the Wars of Religion Durham, North Carolina 1986 for some statistics on the Italian presence in the French hierarchy.
   Google Scholar
• For a fuller discussion of these points see Baumgartner Skepticism and French Interest in Copernicans includes no Frenchmen the only French astronomer he mentions is Ramus. resume from 1619 to 1629, it was nowhere nearly as bitter, and was confined largely to the south of France.
   Google Scholar
• Except perhaps for Jean Pena (see Aiton E.J. Celestial Spheres and Circles History of Science 1981 19 75 114 no French astronomer of the sixteenth century can be regarded as a competent observer of the heavens. Doris Hellman's bibliography of works on the great comet of 1577 cites a very small number of French works on the subject. (The Comet of 1577 (New York, 1944), Appendix.) See also the comments of Pierre Humbert, ‘Les astronomes français de 1610 à 1667’, Mémoires de la Société d'études scientifiques de Draguignan, 68 (1942), 709.
   Google Scholar
• Stillman Drake suggests that Badovère actually wrote to Paolo Sarpi at Venice who showed Galileo the letter. His argument is based on three facts: Sarpi wrote to Badovère asking about the telescope; there is no extant correspondence between Galileo and Badovère while numerous letters between Badovère and Sarpi exist; and Galileo did not explicitly state that Badovère sent the letter to him. See Drake Galileo Studies Ann Arbor, Michigan 1970 142 144 It is true that Galileo saved a great deal of his voluminous correspondence, and that it contains nothing from Badovère. But see below, footnote 8.
   Google Scholar
• Translation from Drake Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo Garden City, New York 1957 28 29
   Google Scholar
• Le Opere de Galileo Galilei et al. Florence 1890–1968 II 534 535 20 vols III, 18. Badovère's deposition is signed at Padua, and one must assume that Galileo asked him for it, undercutting Drake's argument that Galileo never dealt with Badovère. See also Elia Diodati's letter of 1620 referring to a letter of Badovère to Galileo (XIII, 48). For Badovère's life, see Dictionnaire de biographie française, IV, 1164; and Favaro, Amici e corrispondenti de Galileo Galilei (Venice, 1906), 591–99.
   Google Scholar
• L'Estoile . 1881 . Mémoires-Journaux Vol. X , 200 – 200 . Paris 12 vols
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XI 132 – 132 . 137, 141; XIII, 56–7.
   Google Scholar
• Yates , Frances . 1947 . The French Academies of the Sixteenth Century London
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XI 118 – 118 . 141–55, 208, 211, 373, 377–8.
   Google Scholar
• On Sizzi, see especially Drake Galileo Studies Ann Arbor, Michigan 1970 177 199
   Google Scholar
• On Aleaume, see Dictionnaire de Biographie Française London 1375 I On Peiresc, see Pierre Gassendi, The Mirrour of True Nobility and Gentility, being the Life of the Renowned Nicolas Claude Fabricus Lord of Peiresk 1657
   Google Scholar
• The letter is in Opere XI 491 493
   Google Scholar
• Galileo . 1967 . Dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems 346 – 357 . Berkeley translated by Stillman Drake Drake (footnote 4), 181–4
   Google Scholar
• Drake . Galileo Studies 188 – 190 . For biographical information on Tarde, see A. Dujarric-Descombes, ‘Recherches sur les historiens du Périgord au XVIIe siècle: Jean Tarde’ Bulletin de la société historique et archéologique du Périgord, 9 (1882), 371–412; François Moureau, editor, A la rencontre de Galilée: Deux Voyages en Italie (Geneva, 1984), pp. 9–12; and Edward Rosen's entry in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, XII, 256–7.
   Google Scholar
• Tarde . 1622 . Les Astres de Borbon et apologie pour le soleil Paris A Latin version had been published in 1620. For a fuller discussion of Tarde's theory of sunspots, see Baumgartner ‘Sunspots or Sun's Planets: Jean Tarde and the Sunspot Controversy of the Early Seventeenth Century’, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 18 (1987), 44–53.
   Google Scholar
• In Drake Galileo Studies Ann Arbor, Michigan 1970 232 232 Drake, Galileo at Work (Chicago, 1978), pp. 237–8, 468: ‘In 1614 he had twice conversed with Galileo at Florence, but ignored him entirely a decade later when he published on sunspots.’
   Google Scholar
• Dialogue . 1967 . Dialogue concerning the Two Chief World Systems 53 – 55 . Berkeley translated by Stillman Drake
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XII 48 – 48 . On the dispute over the significance of the lack of cometary parallax, see W. Shea, Galileo's Intellectual Revolution (New York, 1972), pp. 71–106.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIII 48 – 48 . 53. See also Jean-Michel Gardair, ‘Elia Diodati e al Diffusione Europea del “Dialogo”’, in Novità Celesti e crisi del Sapere, edited by P. Galluzzi (Florence, 1983), pp. 390–8.
   Google Scholar
• Drake . 1970 . Galileo Studies 280 – 280 . Ann Arbor, Michigan Opere, xiii, 282.
   Google Scholar
• Gassendi . 1969 . Opere Omnia Vol. VI , 4 – 6 . Stuttgart reprint
   Google Scholar
• Gassendi . 1969 . Opere Omnia Vol. VI , 10 – 11 . Stuttgart reprint But see Armand Beaulieu, ‘Les réactions des savants français au début du XVIIe siècle devant l'héliocentrisme de Galilée’, in Galluzzi (footnote 22), p. 372, for a reference to Tycho Brahe in an obscure book by Mersenne of 1623.
   Google Scholar
• On Peiresc, see Gassendi Life of Peiresk 1537 1581 and Favaro (footnote 6)
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIV 37 – 37 . 49. 134. On Naudé, see James Rice, Gabriel Naudé 1600–1653 (Baltimore, 1930).
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIV 134 – 134 . 289
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIV 332 – 332 . xvi, 399
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIV 332 – 332 . Galileo's letter to Diodati is not extant.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIV 422 – 422 .
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XIV 359 – 359 . 339–41, 393, 422. Westman, ‘The Reception of Galileo's “Dialogue” A Partial World Census of Extant Copies’, in Galluzzi (footnote 22), pp. 329–70. Westman has found eleven copies of the 1632 edition that were owned by Frenchmen of the era and ten copies of the Latin edition.
   Google Scholar
• Gassendi . Opere , VI 45 – 46 . Opere, xiv, pp. 333, 340. Gassendi's treatise is entitled Mercurius in sole visus et Venus invisa Parisiis anno 1631 (Paris, 1632). See also Harry Woolf, The Transits of Venus (Princeton, New Jersey, 1959), pp. 9–12.
   Google Scholar
• Contre le mouvement annuel de la terre Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, Fonds Français, ms 16965, fol. 272–73.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XV 24 – 26 . Gassendi, Institutio Astronomica, in Opera Omnia, iv, 47a–57b.
   Google Scholar
• Rice . 1969 . Opere Omnia Vol. VI , 12 – 18 . Stuttgart reprint
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XV 88 – 88 . The German mathematician Luke Holstein also in Rome blamed an unnamed commissioner of the Holy Office. Ibid., 164. For the most recent discussion on the condemnation of Galileo, see Pietro Redondi, Galileo eretico (Turin, 1983); and the critique of Redondi's work by Vincenzio Ferrone and Massimo Firpo in Journal of Modern History, 58 (1986), 484–524.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XV 62 – 62 . See also Drake (footnote 17), p. 343.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 26 – 27 . 114–9, 153
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XV 254 – 254 . xvi, 144–5, 164. On Noailles see Favaro (Note 6), 102–9; and Drake (footnote 17), p. 375.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVIII 33 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 500 – 512 . xx, 610; Favaro, Amici et Corrispondenti, p. 120.
   Google Scholar
• See the dedication to the Dialogue concerning two New Sciences New York 1953 translated by Henry Crew and Alfonso de Salvio Italian edition in Opere, viii, 43–5. See also Drake (footnote 17), p. 375.
   Google Scholar
• Mersenne . 1639 . Les nouvelles pensées de Galilée Paris Les mechaniques de Galilée (Paris, 1634).
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVIII 187 – 187 . 226, 426–7
   Google Scholar
• Mersenne . 1933–1970 . Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne Vol. IV , 404 – 404 . Paris 12 vols See also Pierre Boutroux, ‘Le père Mersenne et Galilée’, Scientia, xxxi, 279–90, 347–60; and William Hine, ‘Mersenne and Copernicanism’, Isis, 74 (1973), 16–32.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 202 – 202 . 206–7, 215–6, 245–7. On Carcavy, see the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, iii, 63–64; Westman, (footnote 30), p. 342, and plate 11. Fermat's dedication to Carcavy indicates that Galileo was already dead.
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 96 – 96 . 201–2, 289, 316, 346
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 356 – 356 . 514
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVII 33 – 33 . 88–93. According to Drake (footnote 4), pp. 257–60, Galileo only intended to describe the path of a body falling from a tower to the surface of the earth. Unfortunately the diagram he drew to illustrate the point gave the impression that he was concerned with the path of a body falling to the centre of the earth. See also Shea (footnote 19), pp. 133–5.
   Google Scholar
• Bigourdan , G. 1916 . La conférence des longitudes de 1634 . Comptes rendus des séances de l'académie des sciences , 163 : 229 – 233 . J. Pares, Jean-Baptiste Morin 1583–1656 et la querelle des longitudes de 1634 à 1647 (Paris, 1977). Morin had also written twice to Galileo, Opera, xvi, 158–60, 251–3; and in a work published in 1635 he claimed Galileo as a supporter of his cause. Pares, p. 187.
   Google Scholar
• On Beaugrand, see Dictionary of Scientific Biography I 541 541
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 335 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVI 234 – 235 . letter to Peiresc, 16 March 1635
   Google Scholar
• Opere , XVII 70 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• See Pelseneer J. Gilbert, Bacon, Galilée, Képler, Harvey et Descartes: leurs relations Isis 1931 22 183 208 G. Giuli, ‘Galilée e Descartes’, Scientia, 49 (1908), 207–20; and A. Nardi, ‘Descartes ‘presque’ galiléen 18 février 1643’, Revue d'histoire des sciences, 39 (1986), 3–16.
   Google Scholar
• Pelseneer, 184–7 O'ere XVI 124 124
   Google Scholar
• Opere , 387 – 391 . 403–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gassendi . 1969 . Opere Omnia Vol. VI , 94 – 95 . Stuttgart reprint See also the comments in Howard Jones, Pierre Gassendi 1592–1655 An Intellectual Biography (Nieuwkoop, 1981), pp. 24–5.
   Google Scholar
• Gassendi . Opera , III 478 – 563 . See also Jones, pp. 61–5; and O. R. Bloch, La Philosophie de Gassendi (The Hague, 1971), pp. 189–94.
   Google Scholar
• Gassendi . 1944 . Lettres familières à François Luillier Edited by: Rochet , Bernard . 6 – 6 . Paris
   Google Scholar
• See Laird John Hobbes New York 1934 8 15 Harcourt Brown, Scientific Organizations in Seventeenth Century France (reprint New York, 1967), chapter 3; and M. Feingold, The Mathematicians' Apprenticeship: Science, Universities and Society, 1560–1640 (Cambridge, 1984), especially pp. 73–4, 79, 133. For a slightly later period, see A. R. Hall and M. B. Hall, editors, The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg (Madison, Wisconsin, 1966), III, xxv. There is some suggestion that Galileo destroyed the correspondence from two English Protestants at the time of his confrontation with the Holy Office. M. Feingold, ‘Galileo in England: The First Phase’, in Galluzzi (footnote 22), p. 412.
   Google Scholar