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Erasmus King: Eighteenth-century experimental philosopher

Pages 375-392 | Received 10 Mar 1990, Published online: 23 Aug 2006

  • 1760 . London Magazine , 107 : 107 – 107 .
  • 1785 . Gentleman's Magazine , 55 : 176 – 176 . John Nichols, Bibliotheca Topographica, 2 vols (London, 1786), II, 66.
  • 1770 . Letters from Count Algarotti to Lord Hervey and the Marquis Scipio Maffei, Containing the State of the … Russian Empire 3 – 4 . Glasgow translated from the Italian 9–10.
  • 1754 . Gentleman's Magazine , 24 : 215 – 219 . (pp. 218–9).
  • 1739 . Public Record Office , Vol. 23 , f. 236 – f. 236 . Russia : State Papers .
  • July 1739 . Additional MS 4056 , July , f. 107 – f. 107 . St Petersburg : William Vigor to Hans Sloane . 21
  • Society , Royal . Journal Book , 16 184 – 184 . 359 and 384 (introduced by Desaguliers and Mortimer). On 22 March 1739, Desaguliers communicated a letter sent from St Petersburg to Beaumont, royal oculist, on De L'Isle's thermometer readings of frozen mercury: ‘Letter Book Copy’, vol. 25, pp. 219–22.
  • Nichols . 1785 . Gentleman's Magazine , 55 : 176 – 176 . the Lambeth section of his work.
  • January 1750 . Daily Advertiser January , 2
  • Dictionary of National Biography , XIV 401 – 402 . Thomas Desaguliers became Chief Firemaster of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, Lt.-General, and the first artillery officer to be elected FRS (in 1763), for his scientific work on gunnery.
  • Society , Royal . Journal Book , 17 339 – 339 . His name does not appear elsewhere in vols. 16–18 (9 December 1736 to 30 November 1745).
  • Hales , Stephen . 1738–1740 . Statical Essays , third edition Vol. 2 , London I (revised as Statical Essays: Containing Vegetable Statics), pp. 118 and 209–12.
  • An Account of a Machine for measuring any Depth in the Sea, with great Expedition and certainty; shewn to the Royal Society by Desaguliers L.L.D. J.T. Contriv'd R.S.S. the Rev. Mr. Stephen Hales F.R.S. and Himself' Philosophical Transactions 1728 35 559 562
  • 1754 . Gentleman's Magazine , 24 : 218 – 219 .
  • Hales . 1738–1740 . Statical Essays , third edition Vol. 2 , London ii (Statical Essays: Containing Haemastatics), pp. 327–48 (‘A Description of a Sea-Gauge’) and n.p., post-p. 354, pre-‘Finis’ (King's account).
  • A Catalogue of the Experiments made by Mr. King in his Course of Natural Philosophy (n.d., 30 unnumbered pages, 12mo). British Library copy, stamped ‘Patent Office Library’. Another copy in the University of Illinois Library, Urbana. See also footnote 30. A sea-gauge modelled on Hales's and belonging to Stephen Demainbray, former pupil of Desaguliers, survives in the Demainbray collection being catalogued by Dr Alan Morton at the Science Museum. See also Morton's forthcoming paper ‘Lectures on Medical Philosophy in London, 1750–65: S. C. T. Demainbray (1710–82) and the “indifference” of his countrymen’, British Journal for the History of Science.
  • January 1745 . Daily Advertiser January , 12 7 April 1749, 18 January 1752, etc.
  • October 1736 . Daily Advertiser October , 1 Anonymous, but corroborated by contextual evidence. Researched from 1 January 1732 onwards.
  • January 1734 . Daily Advertiser January , 10 9 March 1736, and 3 and 6 September 1737.
  • 1734 . Westminister City Archives, Rate Books for Duke's Court South F 5683 F 5712 (1737), F 505 (1739).
  • R.V. and Wallis , P.J. 1986 . Bibliography of British Mathematics and its Applications. Pt. ii, 1701–1760 , 401 – 401 . Letchworth : Epsilon Press .
  • Rocque's map in the A–Z of Georgian London Hyde Ralph London 1988 Peter Jackson, George Scharf's London (London, 1987), pp. 26 and 28. Letter, dated 8 December 1987, from Valerie Vaughan, National Portrait Gallery.
  • 1745 . Westminster City Archives, Rate Books for Duke's Court South F 5785
  • January 1752 . Daily Advertiser January , 9 and 27 November
  • Nichols . 1786 . Bibliotheca Topograpgica Vol. ii , 66 – 66 . London 2 vols as indicated.
  • June 1742 . Daily Advertiser June , 18 and 25 July 1744.
  • Royal Society Archives, Folkes Collection, Part 2, no. 24, Hales to Martin Folkes, Teddington, 6 April 1743 in Royal Society Journal Book 17 266 266 Hales read his paper on 28 May 1741.
  • May 1740 . Daily Advertiser May , 6
  • King . Catalogue of the Experiments in Courrse of Natural Philosophy and Daily Advertiser, 29 March 1742. The catalogue, comprising twenty-eight lectures divided into four parts (mechanics, astronomy, hydrostatics and optics) probably dates from 1741–1742.
  • Fulton , J.F. 1966 . Selected Reading in the History of Physiology , second edition 57 – 57 . Springfield, Illinois quoted in Henry Guerlac's entry on Hales, in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vi (1972), 33–44 (p. 35).
  • Hales . 1738–1740 . Statical Essays , third edition Vol. 2 , 59 – 60 . London and 64–70.
  • British Library Add.MS 4432 , 195 – 196 . Birch Collection . ff, v., letter from Abr. Chovet, 22 June 1732. Chovet developed his models but left London for Antigua in 1737, later practising in Jamaica before settling in Philadelphia c. 1771.
  • William , Munk . 1878 . The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London , 2 : 132 – 133 .
  • Benjamin , Hoadly . 1740 . Three Lectures on the Organs of Respiration London Appendix (separate pagination), pp. 9–20 and Plate 1, Figure 2 at the end of the Appendix. Hales, in turn, quotes from Hoadly on the need to breathe vapourless ‘elastic’ air, in his Treatise on Ventilators (see footnote 41), pp. 37–8.
  • 1972 . Dictionary of Scientific Biography , VI : 35 – 48 . (p. 44).
  • January 1753 . Daily Advertiser January , 29 and 1 February 1752.
  • March 1758 . Daily Advertiser March , 13 and 29 Auctioned by Langford's at the Great Piazza, Covent Garden. Free catalogues provided but not traced.
  • John R. , Millburn . 1988 . Wheelwright of the Heavens, The Life and Work of James Ferguson, FRS 110 – 110 . London in collaboration with Henry C. King,
  • 1752 . Gentleman's Magazine , 22 : 179 – 183 . (p. 181).
  • Stephen , Hales . 1758 . A Treatise on Ventilators 138 – 138 . London
  • Keane , Fitz-Gerald . 1758 . An Attempt to improve the Manner of working the Ventilators by the Help of the Fire-Engine . Philosophical Transactions , 50 : 727 – 732 .
  • Eric , Robinson . 1962 . The Profession of Civil Engineer in the Eighteenth Century: a Portrait of Thomas Yeoman, F.R.S., 1704 (?)–1781 . Annals of Science , 18 : 195 – 215 . Section on ventilators: pp. 201–10.
  • Royal College of Physicians Archives, MS 111 Contemporary transcript of Hales's letters to Yeoman, Teddington, 21 January 1743–1744—Farringdon, near Alton, Hampshire, 21 June 1746.
  • Numerous letters for the period carry this address. In particular, see British Library Add.MS 4183, f. 121, Hales to William Wynne, April 1753; Hales to John Ellis, ‘from Mrs Batchelar in Duke's Court’, in Smith James Edward A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnaeus and other Naturalists London 1821 I 215 215 2 vols Westminster City Archives (footnotes 21 and 24), plus F 520–540 (1745–1759), cited in D. G. R. Allan and R. E. Schofield, Stephen Hales Scientist and Philosopher (London, 1980), p. 171.
  • February 1755 . Greater London Record Office, Foundling Hospital Records, A/FH/A/6/1/8/4–8 February , from Hales to Mr Whatley, no. 4, Duke's Court, 2
  • October 1756 . Greater London Record Office, Foundling Hospital Records, A/FH/A/6/1/8/4–8 October , Teddington no. 7 20
  • November 1756 . Greater London Record Office, Foundling Hospital Records, A/FH/A/6/1/8/4–8 November , no. 8, Duke's Court, near St Martin's Church, 1
  • Bailey , William . 1772 . The Advancement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce 289 – 291 . London Lord Shaftesbury was also a signatory of Yeoman's FRS certificate.
  • 1748 . Extract of a Letter from the Rev. Dr. Stephen Hales F.R.S. to The Rev. Mr. Westly Hall, concerning some Electrical Experiments . Philosophical Transactions , 45 : 409 – 411 . (p. 410).
  • 1747 . Gentleman's Magazine , 17 : 200 – 200 . (April).
  • 1746 . Daily Advertiser , June 11 and 25
  • 1970 . Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Bose , II : 324 – 325 . Musschenbroek, ix (1974), pp. 594–7 (p. 596).
  • 1746 . Daily Advertiser , July 31 20 and 21 August, 3 November and 2 December etc.
  • 1746 . Daily Advertiser , August 5 and 16
  • 1746 . Daily Advertiser , October 4 and 13 27 December 3 and 7 January 1747.
  • January 1750 . Daily Advertiser January , 2
  • 1754 . Daily Advertiser , March 28 and repeated 4 and 6 April
  • April 1754 . Daily Advertiser April , 11
  • April 1754 . Daily Advertiser April , 18
  • May 1754 . Daily Advertiser May , 10 followed immediately by Hogarth's proposals for publishing engravings of his ‘Election Entertainment’. Repeated 11 May and another advertisement on 25 May.
  • March 1758 . Daily Advertiser March , 13 and 29
  • 1747 . Daily Advertiser , July 29
  • 1748 . Daily Advertiser , April 7
  • 1749 . Daily Advertiser , November 9 and 3 January 1751.
  • 1737 . Daily Advertiser , September 3 17 October 1745, and 5 March 1755.
  • 1738 . Daily Advertiser , January 2 King is not named but the evidence confirms that it was him. See also 31 August 1750, where ‘Mr. King received Mr. Simpson's letter’ of apology, possibly also relating to them.
  • Letter of 24 November 1987 from Mr P. K. Escreet, Keeper of Special Collections, Glasgow University Library. See also Wallis R. John Bevis, MD, FRS (1695–1771), Astronomer Loyal Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 1982 36 211 225 The fifty-two plates for the work were completed by April 1748 when the third print in the series, inscribed to the Royal Society, went on sale: Daily Advertiser, 13 April 1748.
  • 1749 . Daily Advertiser , February 11 also for 1 and 16 November 1742. In general, King's advertisements provide no clue as to the size of his audiences or the type of clientele.
  • 1748 . Daily Advertiser , November 19 and 14 March 1752. An earlier advertisement, of 12 January 1748, also refers to new apparatus for observing planets and comets.
  • March 1758 . Daily Advertiser March , 13 and 29
  • Letters from Mr J. R. Millburn, 3 November 1987 and 29 December 1989. See, for comparison, figures 10.3 (for Lecture 10) and 10.2 (for Lecture 11) in Henry C. King, in collaboration with Millburn J.R. Geared to the Stars The Evolution of Planetariums, Orreries and Astronomical Clocks Bristol 1978 171 172 King's Catalogue (footnote 16).
  • May 1753 . Daily Advertiser May , 1, 3 and 8
  • June 1747 . Daily Advertiser June , 4
  • December 1743 . Daily Advertiser December , 10 6 January and 7 February 1744.
  • October 1747 . Daily Advertiser October , 6 and 2 November
  • January 1750 . Daily Advertiser January , 5 A superimposed stamp has partially obscured the bracketed words.
  • Daily Advertiser (footnotes 9 and 62).
  • November 1748 . Daily Advertiser November , 5
  • April 1748 . Daily Advertiser April , 18
  • Jon Eklund's contribution on Lewis William Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1973 VIII 297 299 in (p. 297).
  • Catalogue (Lecture 8) and Daily Advertiser 1746 October 25
  • 1746 . Gentleman's Magazine , 16 : 520 – 521 . ‘Some Remarks on the Liquid Shell’, attributed to Hales in the index.
  • 1754 . The Affidavits and Proceedings of Walter Baker … , : 39 – 42 . and 95–6; John H. Appleby, ‘Humphrey Jackson, FRS, 1717–1801: a Pioneering Chemist’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 40 (1986), 147–68 (149–50). John Bevis also deposed, in November 1752; his affidavit supporting Robert James: Wellcome MS. 3013/2/1.
  • 1744 . Daily Advertiser , July 25
  • 1736 . Daily Advertiser , March 9 and 11 April 1740.
  • 1755 . Daily Advertiser , September 27 etc.
  • Royal Society of Arts, MS, Society Minutes , 1 65 – 65 . 69, 99 and 103. He inscribed his name in the Society of Arts Signature Book (no. 103).
  • March 1758 . Daily Advertiser March , 13 and 29
  • 1777 . Westminister City Archives, Rate Books for Duke's Court South, F 570 Letter from Mr. Colin Johnston, Bath City Archivist, 18 July 1988. Public Record Office, Prob. 11/1160, no. 558.

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