- Kamishima , J. 1990 . Society of Convergence: An Alternative for the Homogeneity Theory . Japan Foundation Newsletter , 17 : 1 – 6 .
- See references and comments in Chapters 3 and 4 of Inkster Ian Japan as a Development Model? Bochum 1980
- June 1870 . Japan Weekly Mail June , 25 The Chrysanthemum (Yokohama) 2, No. 7, July 1882.
- Reprinted in Simmons A.T. Education and Progress in Japan Nature March 1905 69 264 265 3
- See the essay by Nakayama Shigeru The American Occupation and the Science Council of Japan Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences Mendelsohn Everett Cambridge 1984 and M. F. Low, ‘The Butterfly and the Frigate: Social Studies of Science in Japan’, Social Studies of Science, 19 (1989), 313–42.
- Inkster , Ian . Catching Up and Taking Over: Structural Change, The Technopolis Concept and Japanese R + D for Australia . Journal of Contemporary Asia , (to be published)
- Inkster , Ian . 1979 . Meiji Economic Development in Perspective: Revisionist Comments Upon the Industrial Revolution in Japan . The Developing Economies , 17 : 45 – 68 . Ian Inkster, ‘Prometheus Bound: Technology and Industrialization in Japan, China and India Prior to 1914—A Political Economy Approach’, Annals of Science, 45 (1988), 399–426.
- For a good bibliography of which see Low The American Occupation and the Science Council of Japan Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences Mendelsohn Everett Cambridge 1984
- The most important of which are Bartholomew's Japanese Culture and the Problem of Modern Science Science and Values Thackray A. Mendelsohn E. New York 1974 ‘The Japanese Scientific Community in Formation, 1870–1920’, Journal of Asian Affairs 5 (1980), 62–84; ‘Japanese Modernisation and the Imperial Universities 1876–1920’, Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (1978), 251–71; ‘Why Was There No Scientific Revolution in Tokugawa Japan?’, Japanese Studies in the History of Science, 15 (1976), 111–25; ‘Science, Bureaucracy and Freedom in Meiji and Taisho Japan’, in Conflict in Modern History, edited by T. Najita and J. C. Koschmann (Princeton, New Jersey, 1982), pp. 295–341; ‘The Feudalistic Legacy of Japanese Science’, Knowledge, 6 (1985), 350–76; ‘The Japanese Scientific Community in Formation 1870–1920’, in Science in Modern East Asia, edited by L. A. Shneider (Buffalo, New York, 1980), pp. 62–84. The author's original doctoral thesis was “The Acculturation of Science in Japan: Kitasato Shibasaburö and the Japanese Bacteriological Community 1885–1920” (unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Stanford University, 1972; Ann Arbor, University Microfilms, 1972).
- Transition to Meiji might have been better documented if Bartholomew had avoided treating the samurai and at later shizoku as one, homogeneous grouping: in English, see Hirschmeier J. The Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan Cambridge, Massachusetts 1964 E. H. Norman, Japan's Emergence as a Modern State (New York, 1940); K. Yamamura, A Study of Samurai Income and Entrepreneurship (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1974).
- Maruyama , M. 1974 . Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan Tokyo
- Sankin-kotai or enforced dual residence of the upper groups, certainly improved communications and assisted the spread of information amongst small urban groupings. However, such groupings tended to be physically as well as socially isolated from the growing merchant or commoner classes.
- Well outlined in Bartholomew Japanese Culture and the Problem of Modern Science Science and Values Thackray A. Mendelsohn E. New York 1976
- For an excellent introduction to the origins and context of this separation of ‘tools’ and ‘ideology’, see Lehmann Jean-Pierre The Roots of Modern Japan London 1982 especially Chapters 4–8.
- Bartholomew neglects the tremendous tensions within the shizoku stratum and the complex relationship of many of its members to the institution building plans of the regime: see the excellent Norman Feudal Background of Japanese Politics Institute of Pacific Relations Virginia 1945 reprinted in full in Origins of the Modern Japanese State, Selected Writing of E. H. Norman, edited by J. W. Dower (New York, 1975), pp. 317–464.
- For a general account of research in private enterprise, see Chapter 4 of Inkster Ian Science and Technology in History Macmillan London 1990 to be published.
- This representing some 10 per cent of the cost of a battleship, as the chemist Takamine Jökuchi would have noted, he having suggested a sum of 20 million yen in 1913 Bartholomew 212 212
- Chandler , A.D. 1978 . “ The United States: Evolution of Enterprise ” . In The Industrial Economies, Cambridge Economic History of Europe Edited by: Mathias , P. and Postan , M.M. Vol. VII , 70 – 133 . Cambridge No. 2 L. B. Haber, The Chemical Industry During the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 1958); David A. Noble, America by Design: Science, Technology and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism (New York, 1977).
- See Maruyama Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugawa Japan Tokyo 1974 Lehmann, (footnote 15); S. Nakayama, D. Swain and E. Yagi, Science and Society in Modern Japan, (Tokyo, 1974).
- Inkster . 1980 . Japan as a Development Model? Bochum A. P. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1962).
- See Chapters 5 and 6 of Inkster Science and Technology in History Macmillan London 1990
- Blacker , Carmen . 1969 . The Japanese Enlightenment, A Study of the Writings of Fukuzawa Yukichi 1 – 11 . Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Inkster , Ian . 1988 . “ The Other Side of Meiji: Conflict and Conflict Management ” . In The Japanese Trajectory: Modernisation and Beyond Edited by: McCormack , G. and Sugimoto , Y. 107 – 128 . Cambridge, , England
Annals of Science
Volume 47, 1990 - Issue 4
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