- The main contributions to the history of chemical technology in the early industrial times mainly date from the 1960s and 1970s: Clow Archibald Clow Nan The Chemical Revolution London 1952 Albert E. Musson and Eric Robinson, Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution (Manchester, 1969); John G. Smith, The Origins and Early Development of the Heavy Chemical Industry in France (Oxford, 1979); Charles C. Gillispie, ‘The natural history of industry’, Isis, 48 (1957), 398–407; William A. Campbell, The Chemical Industry (London, 1971); Henry Guerlac, ‘Some French antecedents of the chemical revolution’, Chymia, 5 (1959), 73–112; Robert P. Multhauf, Neptune's Gift: A History of Common Salt (London, 1978); idem, ‘Salt Ammoniac: a case history in industrialization’, Technology and Culture, 6 (1965), 569–86. For the case of dyeing, see Barbara W. Keyser, ‘Between science and craft: the case of Berthollet and dyeing’, Annals of Science, 47 (1990), 213–60.
- Bud , Robert F. and Roberts , Gerrylin K. 1984 . Science versus Practice: Chemistry in Victorian Britain 15 – 17 . Manchester Colin A. Russell, N. G. Coley, and Gerrylin K. Roberts, Chemists by Profession: The Origins and the Rise of the Royal Institute of Chemistry (Milton Keynes, 1977).
- For example, Perrin Charles E. Of theory shifts and industrial innovations: the relations of J. A. Chaptal and A. L. Lavoisier Annals of Science 1986 43 511 543 Homer E. Le Grand, ‘Chemistry in a provincial context: the Montpellier Société Royale des Sciences in the eighteenth century’, Ambix, 29 (1982), 88–105; Charles C. Gillispie, Science and Polity in France at the End of the Old Regime (Princeton, 1980); Robert Fox, ‘An uneasy courtship: rhetoric and reality in the relations between academic and industrial chemistry’, in IV National Meeting ‘Storia e Fondamenti della Chimica. Venezia, 7–9 Novembre 1991’ (Venice, 1991), 1–5; and Christoph Meinel, ‘Theory or practice? The eighteenth-century debate on the scientific status of chemistry’, Ambix, 30 (1983), 121–32.
- Parkes , Samuel . 1815 . Chemical Essays Principally Related to the Arts and Manufactures of the British Dominions London 5 vols Edward Bancroft, Experimental Researches Concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colours; and the Best Means of Producing Them, by Dyeing, Calico Printing (London, 1794); James Haigh, The Dyer's Assistant in the Art of Dyeing Wool and Woolen Goods (London, 1800); Charles O'Neill, Dictionary of Dyeing and Calico-Printing (London, 1862); Andrew Ure, The Philosophy of Manufactures (London, 1835); Edward A. Parnell, Applied Chemistry in Manufactures, Arts and Domestic Economy, 2 vols (London, 1844); William T. Brande, A Manual of Chemistry (London, 1819).
- McClellan , James E. 1985 . Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century New York René Taton (ed.), Enseignement et diffusion des sciences en France au XVIIIè siècle (Paris, 1964).
- Iatrochemistry, alchemy, metallurgy, glass and pottery making, heavy chemicals, dyeing, pharmacy, surgery, natural philosophy, experimental physics, etc., were the main ‘cultures’ upon which modern chemistry was built at the end of the eighteenth century. I borrow the idea of the ‘cultures of chemistry’ from Holmes Frederick L. Beyond the boundaries: concluding remarks on the workshop Lavoisier in European Context: Negotiating a New Language for Chemistry Bensaude-Vincent Bernadette Abbri Ferdinando Canton 1995 267 278
- A good example connected to dyeing and printing textiles at the Litterary and Philosophical Society of Manchester was Henry Thomas Considerations relative to the nature of wool, silk, cotton as objects of the art of dyeing… Memoirs of the Litterary and Philosophical Society of Manchester 1790 3 343 407
- Hudson , Derek and Luckhurst , Kenneth W. 1954 . The Royal Society of Arts 1754–1954 London
- Barnes , Barry and Shapin , Steven . 1977 . Science, nature and control: interpreting Mechanics' Institutes . Social Studies of Science , 7 : 31 – 74 .
- But ‘chemical manufacturers agreed: the practice of chemistry was better learned on the job than in the classroom’ Brock William H. The Fontana History of Chemistry London 1992 380 380
- As a general discussion on other technologies, see, for example, the introduction of Morus Iwan Rhys Telegraphy and the technology of display: the electricians and Samuel Morse History of Technology 1991 13 20 40 and Myles W. Jackson, ‘Artisan knowledge and experimental natural philosophers: the British response to Joseph Fraunhofer and the Bavarian usurpation of their optical empire’, Studies on History and Philosophy of Science, 25 (1994), 549–75.
- ‘So many of the ingredients for scientifically-induced economic growth are present in this case study—the industrialist's friendship with scientists, the mutual discussion of scientific and industrial problems, the unquestioned belief in experiment and the apparent familiarity with theory, the contribution of itinerant scientific lectures, the central contribution of scientific societies, the purchase of scientific publication, the correspondence with scientists abroad, the publication of scientific papers, the production of scientific instruments….’ McKendrick Neil The role of science in the Industrial Revolution: a study of Josiah Wedgwood as a scientist and industrial chemist Changing Perspectives in the History of Science: Essays in Honour of Joseph Needham Teich Mikulas Young Robert London 1973 274 319
- McKendrick . 1973 . “ The role of science in the Industrial Revolution: a study of Josiah Wedgwood as a scientist and industrial chemist ” . In Changing Perspectives in the History of Science: Essays in Honour of Joseph Needham Edited by: Teich , Mikulas and Young , Robert . 279 – 279 . London
- Brock , William H. and Gee , Brian . 1991 . The case of John Griffin. From artisan-chemist and author-instructor to business-leader . Ambix , 38 : 29 – 62 .
- The main technical changes in the textile industry in the central decades of the eighteenth century were mechanical innovations, new preparatory techniques and finishing processes O'Brien Patrick Griffiths Trevor Hunt Philip Technological change during the first industrial revolution: the paradigm case of textiles, 1688–1851 Technological Change: Methods and Themes in the History of Technology Fox Robert Amsterdam 1996 155 176
- Bud and Roberts . 1984 . Science versus Practice: Chemistry in Victorian Britain 15 – 17 . Manchester
- Parnell , Edward A. 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 1 – 1 . London
- See Knight David Ideas in Chemistry London 1992 96 11 and his comments on Samuel Smiles' Industrial Biography in chapter 8: ‘A useful science’.
- Ure , Andrew . 1861 . The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain Vol. 2 , London Stanley D. Chapman and Serge Chassagne, European Textile Printers in the Eighteenth Century: A Study of Peel and Oberkampf (London, 1981), 8 (table 1).
- Edmund Potter in a lecture on calico-printing to the Society of Arts in 1856. Cited by Turnbull George A History of the Calico-Printing Industry in Great Britain Altrincham 1951 81 81
- Chapman and Chassagne . 1861 . The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain London 2 vols Peter Floud, ‘The British Calico Printing Industry, 1676–1840’, CIBA Review, 1 (1961), 2–7.
- Dodd , George . 1844 . The Textile Manufactures of Great Britain 11 – 11 . London John Graham, The Chemistry of Calico Printing from 1790 to 1835 and History of Print works in the Manchester District from 1760 to 1846, MS MF 347a, Manchester, Manchester Central Library.
- Woodcroft , Bennet . 1863 . Brief Biographies of Inventors of Machines for the Manufacture of Textile Fabrics London Richard Hills, Power in the Industrial Revolution (Manchester, 1970); Donald S. L. Cardwell, ‘Science, technology and industry’, in The Ferment of Knowledge: Studies in the Historiography of Eighteenth-Century Science, edited by Roy Porter and George S. Rousseau (Cambridge, 1980), 449–83 (459–63).
- et al. Technological change during the first industrial revolution: the paradigm case of textiles, 1688–1851 Technological Change: Methods and Themes in the History of Technology Fox Robert Amsterdam 1996 155 176 Richard L. Hills, ‘Hargreaves, Arkwright and Crompton. Why three inventors?’, Textile History, 10 (1979), 114–26.
- Muspratt , James Sheridan . 1853–61 . Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical and Analytical as Applied and Relating to the Arts and Manufactures Vol. I , 568 – 568 . London 2 vols
- Turnbull . 1951 . A History of the Calico-Printing Industry in Great Britain 423 – 426 . Altrincham (Appendix II: List of English calico printers. March 1840).
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 1 – 1 . London Dictionary of National Biography, 22 vols, edited by George Smith (Oxford, 1967–68), 13, 265–67 (1st edn 1917); extracts from the Diary of John Mercer, Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, ‘MSS North’, n. 25; Autobiography of John Mercer, Lancashire Record Office, UDC1/7–8, 1.
- Travis , Anthony S. 1994 . From Manchester to Massachusetts via Mulhouse: the transatlantic voyage of Aniline Black . Technology and Culture , 35 : 70 – 99 .
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 12 – 12 . London
- Parkinson , James . 1803 . The Chemical Pocket Book or Memoranda Chemica; Arranged in a Compendium of Chemistry , 3rd edn London cited by Parnell (note 17), 21.
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 1 – 1 . London A general thesis of the book.
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 24 – 24 . London
- Crace-Calvert , Frederick . 1860 . On the influence of science on the art of calico printing . Chemical News , 1 : 150 – 151 .
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 40 – 40 . London
- Thomson , Thomas . 1835 . On calico printing . Records of General Science , 1 : 1 – 19 . 161–73, 321–30, cited by Knight (note 18), 109–10.
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 163 – 163 . London
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 75 – 75 . London
- Smith , George , ed. 1967–68 . Dictionary of National Biography Vol. XIII , 266 – 266 . Oxford 22 vols
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science Oxford MSS North, n. 25. Typescript by E. Houghton, ‘Pioneers in calico printing’.
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 270 – 270 . London
- For a general introduction to the culture of Victorian Britain (1837–1901), see Altick Richard D. Victorian People and Ideas London 1974 Susan Cannon, Science in Culture: The Early Victorian Period (New York, 1978); and Jack Morrell and Arnold Thackray, Gentlemen of Science: Early Years of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Oxford, 1981).
- Morrell , Jack B. 1971 . Individualism and the structure of British Science in 1830 . Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences , 3 : 183 – 204 .
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science Oxford
- Kargon , Robert . 1977 . Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise 89 – 89 . Manchester Anthony Robson, The History of William Blythe Limited (unpublished typescript), 4.
- Kargon . 1977 . Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise 93 – 94 . Manchester
- Kargon . 1977 . Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise 90 – 90 . Manchester
- Morrell . 1971 . Individualism and the structure of British Science in 1830 . Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences , 3 : 183 – 204 .
- Inkster , Ian and Morrell , Jack , eds. 1983 . Metropolis and Province: Science in British Culture, 1780–1850 London
- Inkster , Ian and Morrell , Jack , eds. 1983 . Metropolis and Province: Science in British Culture, 1780–1850 25 – 25 . London
- Mercer-Playfair Correspondence. Manchester Central Library MF 887, letter 21, 18-I-1843.
- Playfair , Lyon . 1849 . On the Nitroprussides, a new class of salts . Philosophical Transactions , 139 : 477 – 518 . (477)
- ‘Late eighteenth century Englishmen believed themselves to be living in an “inventive age” a “scientific age” or a “century … remarkable for an accumulation of ingenuity”. They were proud of their country's technical achievements and a few recognized their potentiality for economic growth” MaCleod Christine Inventing the Industrial Revolution: The English Patent System 1660–1800 Cambridge 1988 222 222 Harry I. Dutton, The Patent System and Inventive Activity during the Industrial Revolution 1750–1852 (Manchester, 1984).
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 228 – 230 . London Mercer's achievements and patents.
- 1844 . The Chemical Gazette , 4 : 415 – 416 .
- 1846 . The Chemical Gazette , 4 : 127 – 128 .
- Dutton . 1984 . The Patent System and Inventive Activity during the Industrial Revolution 1750–1852 163 – 163 . Manchester
- Kargon . 1977 . Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise 88 – 89 . Manchester ‘Obituaries of eminent manufacturers: memoir of the late James Thomson Esq. F.R.S., of Clitheroe’, Journal of Design, 4 (1850–51), 65–72.
- Thomson , James . 1809 . On the analysis of Sulphate of Barytes . Nicholson's Journal , 23 : 170 – 176 . (174)
- For example, Thomson James A Letter to the Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, on Copyright in Original Designs and Patterns for Printing London 1840 and James Thomson, A Letter to the Vice-President of the Board of Trade on Protection to Original Designs and Patterns Printed Upon Woven Fabrics (Clitheroe, 1840).
- Kusamitsu , Toshio . 1981 . British industrialization and design before the Great Exhibition . Textile History , 12 : 77 – 95 . (82)
- Kusamitsu . 1981 . British industrialization and design before the Great Exhibition . Textile History , 12 : 91 – 91 . table 1
- Turnbull . 1951 . A History of the Calico-Printing Industry in Great Britain 79 – 79 . Altrincham
- Travis , Anthony S. 1994 . From Manchester to Massachusetts via Mulhouse: the transatlantic voyage of Aniline Black . Technology and Culture , 35 : 70 – 99 .
- Manchester Central Library M 75/Historical Collection/14
- Manchester Central Library M. 75/Historical Collection/11: John Lightfoot's junior travel in 1854. John Lightfoot, The Chemical History and Progress of Aniline Black (Burnley, 1871).
- Fox , Robert . 1984 . Science, industry, and the social order in Mulhouse, 1798–1871 . British Journal for the History of Science , 17 : 127 – 168 .
- Manchester Central Library M 75/Historical Collection/1.
- Crace-Calvert , Frederick . 1876 . Dyeing and Calico Printing London Obituary, xii.
- 1852 . Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was divided London
- 1852 . Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was divided xxvi – xxxi . London
- Lancashire Record Office . John Mercer's papers UDC1/8/10
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 204 – 204 . London
- Knight . 1992 . Ideas in Chemistry 107 – 108 . London
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science Oxford
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 174 – 174 . London
- Inkster and Morrell . 1971 . Individualism and the structure of British Science in 1830 . Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences , 3
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 231 – 235 . London
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 231 – 235 . London
- Cited by Parnell The Life and Labours of John Mercer London 1886 235 235
- Crace-Calvert . 1852 . Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was divided London Anthony S. Travis, From Turkey Red to Tyrian Purple: Textile Colours for the Industrial Revolution (Jerusalem, 1993); idem, The Rainbow Makers: The Origins of Synthetic Dyestuffs Industry in Western Europe (Lehigh, 1992).
- Parkes . 1815 . Chemical Essays Principally Related to the Arts and Manufactures of the British Dominions Vol. IV , 1 – 180 . London 5 vols
- Turner , Gerard L'E. 1967 . “ The microscope as a technical frontier in sciences ” . In Historical Aspects of Microscopy Edited by: Bradbury , Savile and Turner , Gerard L'E. 175 – 199 . Cambridge
- Dodd . 1844 . The Textile Manufactures of Great Britain 54 – 54 . London
- Crace-Calvert . 1852 . Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes into which the Exhibition was divided London
- Graham . The Chemistry of Calico Printing from 1790 to 1835 and History of Print works in the Manchester District from 1760 to 1846 , 463 – 470 . Manchester : Manchester Central Library . MS MF 347a
- Inkster and Morrell . 1971 . Individualism and the structure of British Science in 1830 . Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences , 3 : 21 – 25 .
- Accum , Frederick . 1817 . Chemical Amusement Comprising a Series of Curious and Instructive Experiments in Chemistry which are Easily Performed London
- Extracts from the Diary of Mercer John Museum of the History of Science Oxford
- O'Neill . 1862 . Dictionary of Dyeing and Calico-Printing 76 – 76 . London
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 52 – 54 . London
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science 15 – 28 . Oxford n. 11
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science 58 – 58 . Oxford n. 23
- Mercer , John and Barnes , John . 1844 . Patent granted to John Barnes … and John Mercer … for certain improvements in the manufacture of articles used in printing and dyeing cotton, silk, woolen and other fabrics . Chemical Gazette , 2 : 415 – 416 .
- In 1803, the chemist Humphrey Davy had already worked on the astringent properties of catechu; Knight Ideas in Chemistry London 1992 100 101
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 59 – 59 . London
- Graham . The Chemistry of Calico Printing from 1790 to 1835 and History of Print works in the Manchester District from 1760 to 1846 , 467 – 470 . Manchester : Manchester Central Library . MS MF 347a
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science Oxford n. 14
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 273 – 337 . London
- 1903 . Mercerization: A Practical and Historical Manual Vol. I , 90 – 94 . London 2 vols
- John Mercer's Archive . Museum of the History of Science Oxford
- O'Neill . 1862 . Dictionary of Dyeing and Calico-Printing 152 – 153 . London
- Bowman , Frederick H. 1881 . The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application 53 – 53 . Manchester
- Mercer , John . 1851 . Mercer's patent: improvements in the preparation of cotton and other fabrics and fibrous materials . Journal of Design and Manufactures , 5 : 100 – 103 .
- 1852 . Reports by the Juries … London
- Mercer , John . 1852 . On the method of contracting the fibres of calico, and of obtaining on the calico thus prepared colours of much brilliancy' (Communicated by Dr. Lyon Playfair, F.R.S.) . Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Ipswich , : 51 – 51 . Mercer (note 103), 98–103.
- Mercer , John . 1851 . On the new method of containing the fibres of calico and of obtaining on the calico thus prepared colours of much brilliancy . The Chemical Gazette , 9 : 339 – 340 .
- 1903 . Mercerization: A Practical and Historical Manual Vol. I , 94 – 94 . London 2 vols John H. Gladstone, ‘On the compounds of cotton with the alkalis’, The Chemical Gazette, 10 (1852), 118–19.
- Thomson , James . 1834 . On the Mummy cloth of Egypt: with observations on some manufactures of the ancients . Philosophical Magazine , 5 : 355 – 365 .
- Bowman . 1881 . The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application 29 – 29 . Manchester
- Crum , Walter . 1842–43 . On the manner in which cotton unites with colouring matter . Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow , 6 : 98 – 104 .
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 194 – 194 . London
- Crum held a controversy with the French chemist Jean-François Persoz on the chemical versus physical explanation of the union between colours and chemicals with the fibres. Persoz Jean-François Traité théorique et pratique de l'impression des tissus Paris 1846 4 126 156 II
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 195 – 195 . London
- Bowman . 1881 . The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application 196 – 196 . Manchester
- Ure . 1835 . The Philosophy of Manufactures 96 – 97 . London
- King , P.E. 1919 . The present state of development of the theory of dyeing, with special reference to colloidal and electrical hypotheses and phenomena leading thereto . Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists , 35 : 171 – 177 . 190–5; Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and Agusti Nieto-Galan, ‘The theories of dyeing in Europe (1750–1900): a view on a long-standing controversy through the works of Jean-François Persoz’, paper presented to the workshop ‘Natural Dyestuffs in Europe, 1750–1880’, Oriel College, Oxford, January 1996 (in press).
- Bowman . 1881 . The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application 53 – 53 . Manchester
- O'Neill . 1862 . Dictionary of Dyeing and Calico-Printing 89 – 89 . London
- Bowman . 1881 . The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application 53 – 53 . Manchester
- Reid , Thomas W. 1899 . Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair London (repr. 1976).
- John Mercer's Archives . Museum of the History of Science Oxford MSS North, n. 27, Lyon Playfair's notes on Mercer.
- Mercer , John . 1843 . On some peculiar instances of (so-called) catalytic action . Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Manchester 1842 , : 32 – 33 .
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 105 – 114 . London
- Mercer-Playfair Correspondence, Manchester Central Library MF 887, letter 6, 23-VI-1842.
- Mercer , John . 1845–48 . On the Action of a mixture of red prussiate of potash and caustic alkali upon colouring matters . Memoirs and Proceedings of the Chemical Society of London , 3 : 320 – 321 .
- ‘In justice to Mercer,…I cannot refrain from stating that the former chemist pointed out to me the oxidizing powers of the prussiates’ Playfair Lyon On the transformations produced by catalytic bodies Memoirs and Proceedings of the Chemical Society of London 1848 3 348 370 (356–7).
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 100 – 104 . London
- Mercer-Playfair Correspondence, Manchester Central Library MF 887
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 115 – 124 . London
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 46 – 47 . London
- Cited by Parnell The Life and Labours of John Mercer London 1886 133 133 Brock (note 10), 128–72.
- Playfair . 1849 . On the Nitroprussides, a new class of salts . Philosophical Transactions , 139 : 477 – 518 .
- Smith , Robert Agnus . 1884 . The Life and Works of Thomas Graham Glasgow
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 176 – 177 . London
- Mercer-Playfair Correspondence, Manchester Central Library MF 887, letter 9, 19-I-1843.
- Mercer-Playfair Correspondence, Manchester Central Library letters 10, n.d., and 15, 8-II-1842.
- Cited by Parnell The Life and Labours of John Mercer London 1886 126 126
- Mercer , John . 1859 . [Note] On the relation of the atomic weights of the families of the elements . Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Leeds, September 1858 , : 57 – 59 .
- Ihde , Aaron J. 1966 . The Development of Modern Chemistry New York 1st edn, 1964).
- Mercer . 1859 . [Note] On the relation of the atomic weights of the families of the elements . Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Leeds, September 1858 , : 57 – 57 .
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 213 – 213 . London
- Mercer-Playfair Correspondence, Manchester Central Library MF 887, letter 3, 16-VI-1846.
- A box containing “John Mercer's Experiments in Chromatic Photography” , Preston : Lancashire Record Office . UDC1/7–8, 19.
- Broughton , Richard . 1920 . John Mercer's experiments in photography . The Observer , November 20 Lancashire Record Office, John Mercer's papers, UDC1 8/19.
- Simcock , Anthony V. 1991 . Essay review: ‘195 years of photochemical imaging 1794–1989’ . Annals of Science , 48 : 69 – 86 . idem, Photography 150 Years: Images from the First Generation (Oxford, 1989); Herbert Gernsheim, The Origins of Photography (London, 1982); idem, A Concise History of Photography (New York, 1986); Frederick T. Hardwich, A Manual of Photographic Chemistry including the Practice of the Colloid Process (London, 1855).
- Broughton . 1920 . John Mercer's experiments in photography . The Observer , November 20 Lancashire Record Office, John Mercer's papers, UDC1 8/19.
- Kauffman , George B. 1981 . Inorganic Coordination Compounds London
- Crosland , Maurice P. 1994 . In the Shadow of Lavoisier: The Annales de Chimie and the Establishment of a New Science Oxford Alan E. Shapiro, Fits, Passions and Paroxysms (Cambridge, 1993).
- 1861 . Patents for Inventions. Abridgments of Specifications relating to Photography ix – xx . London Josef Maria Eder, History of Photography (New York, 1978), 542–3; John Hershel, ‘On the chemical action of the rays of the solar spectrum on preparations of silver and other substances, both metallic and non-metallic on some photographic processes’, Philosophical Transactions, 130 (1840), 1–59; Robert Hunt, ‘Chromo-cyanotype, a new photographic process’, Philosophical Magazine, 14 (1844), 435–9; Larry J. Schaaf, ‘Anna Atkins’ cyanotypes: an experiment in photographic publishing’, History of Photography, 6 (1982), 151–72.
- Stieglitz , Mary . 1977 . Historic photographs on cloth . History of Photography , 1 : 105 – 110 . Larry J. Schaaf, Out of the Shadows: Hershel, Talbot and the Invention of Photography (London, 1992).
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 220 – 230 . London
- Mercer compared his method with another developed by the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. Parnell The Life and Labours of John Mercer London 1886 220 230
- Mercer compared his method with another developed by the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. Parnell The Life and Labours of John Mercer London 1886 226 226
- O'Neill . 1862 . Dictionary of Dyeing and Calico-Printing 136 – 136 . London
- Mercer , John . 1859 . On chromatic photographs . Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Leeds, September , 1858 : 57 – 57 .
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 228 – 230 . London
- Parnell . 1886 . The Life and Labours of John Mercer 228 – 230 . London
- For example Hummel James J. The Dyeing of Textile Fabrics London 1885 and Bowman (note 102).
- Bowman . 1881 . The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application 53 – 53 . Manchester
- O'Neill . 1862 . Dictionary of Dyeing and Calico-Printing 89 – 89 . London
- Cited by Bowman The Structure of the Cotton Fibre in its Relation to Technical Application Manchester 1881 10 10
- Lancashire Record Office, John Mercer's papers, UDC1/8/21
- 1903 . Mercerization: A Practical and Historical Manual Vol. I , 3 – 10 . London 2 vols
- 1950 . Jubilee of the British Cotton and Wool Dyers' Association Limited 1900–1950 5 – 6 . Bradford
- Kranzberg , Melvin . 1991 . “ Introduction ” . In Biblioteca Tinctoria: Annotated Catalogue of the Sidney M. Edelstein Collection in the History of Bleaching, Dyeing, Finishing and Spot Removing Edited by: Ron , Moshe . Jerusalem in
- Cited by et al. Chemists by Profession: The Origins and the Rise of the Royal Institute of Chemistry Milton Keynes 1977 32 32 Edward Baines, History of Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain (London, 1835; repr. 1966).
- Reid . 1899 . Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair 72 – 72 . London
- Reid . 1899 . Memoirs and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair 72 – 72 . London
- For example Lancashire streets. And the men who have made them famous Northern Daily Telegraph October 1933 28 Manchester Central Library, M75/Historical Collection/82.
- Tordoff , Maurice . 1984 . The Servant of Colour: A History of the Society of Dyers and Colourists: 1884–1984 Bradford
- McCulloch , N.G. and Hibert , G.S. 1944 . Science in an old industry . Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists , 60 : 258 – 263 . (260)
- MaCleod . 1988 . Inventing the Industrial Revolution: The English Patent System 1660–1800 222 – 222 . Cambridge
- Dodd . 1844 . The Textile Manufactures of Great Britain 85 – 85 . London
- Extracts from the Diary of John Mercer John Mercer's Archive Museum of the History of Science Oxford
- Donnelly , James . 1994 . Consultants, managers, testing slaves: changing roles for chemists in the British alkali industry, 1850–1920 . Technology and Culture , 35 : 100 – 128 . Knight (note 18), 110–11; Brock (note 10), 310.
- Kargon . 1977 . Science in Victorian Manchester: Enterprise and Expertise Manchester
- Shapin , Steven and Thackray , Arnold . 1974 . Prosopography as a research tool in history of science: the British scientific community 1770–1900 . History of Science , 12 : 1 – 28 . Steven Shapin, ‘The Pottery Philosophical Society, 1819–1835: an examination of the cultural uses of provincial science’, Science Studies, 2 (1972), 311–36.
Annals of Science
Volume 54, 1997 - Issue 1