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Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Volume 88, 1994 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. IV. Prevalence, incidence and relation of infection to disease in an endemic area

A. AliInstitute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P. O.B. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
&
R. W. AshfordLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, LiverpoolL3 SQA, U.K.
Pages 289-293 | Received 10 Nov 1993, Accepted 07 Feb 1994, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

REFERENCES

  • Ali, A. & Ashford, R. W. (1992a). Visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. I. Cross-sectional leishmanin skin test in an endemic locality. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 87, 157–161.
  • Ali, A. & Ashford, R. W. (1992b). Visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. II. Annual leishmanin transformation in a population. Is positive leishmanin reaction a life-long phenomenon? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 87, 163–167.
  • Ali, A. & Ashford, R. W. (1994). Visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. III. The magnitude of annual incidence of infection as measured by serology. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 88, 43–47.
  • Ayele, T. & Ali, A. (1984). The distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 33, 548–552.
  • Ayele, T., Teffera, M., Muluneh, M., Ali, A. & Hailu, A. (1988). The clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 26, 69–76.
  • Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M. (1991). Infectious Diseases of Humans. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Anderson, T. F. (1943). Kala-azar in East African forces. East African Medical Journal, 21, 172–175.
  • Cole, A. C. E., Cosgrove, P. C. & Robinson, G. (1942). A preliminary report of an outbreak of kala-azar in a battalion of East African Rifles. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 35, 25–34.
  • Fuller, G. K., Lemma, A., Hailu, T. & Gemeda, N. (1979). Kala-azar in Ethiopia: survey of south-west Ethiopia. The leishmanin skin test and epidemiological studies. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 73, 417–430.
  • Hailu, A. & Kloos, H. (1990). Leishmaniasis. In The Ecology of Health and Disease in Ethiopia, eds. Kloos, H. & Zein, A. Z. pp. 375–388. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Kloos, H., Abate, T., Hailu, A. & Ayele, T. (1990). Social and ecological aspects of resettlement and villagization among the Konso of southwestern Ethiopia. Disasters, 14, 309–321.
  • Lindtjorn, B. (1980). Kala-azar in Sidamo, south Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 18, 99–100.
  • Lindtjorn, B. (1987). Visceral leishmaniasis in the Dawa Valley, south Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 25, 211–212.
  • Lindtjorn, B. & Olafson, J. (1983). Kala-azar in the Segen and Woitu Valleys, south-west Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 21, 35–42.

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