10
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Apparent failure of ultrasonography to detect adult worms of Brugia malayi

, , , &
Pages 77-82 | Received 20 May 1999, Accepted 20 Oct 1999, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

REFERENCES

  • Ahmed, S. S. (1966). Location of developing and adult worms of Brugia sp. in naturally and experimentally infected animals. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 69, 291–293.
  • Amaral, F., Dreyer, G., Figueredo-Silva, J., Noroes, J., Cavalcanti, A., Samico, S. C., Santos, A. & Coutinho, A. (1994). Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human bancroftian filariasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 735–757.
  • Anon. (1993). Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 1–38.
  • Ash, L. R. & Riley, J. M. (1970). Development of subperiodic Brugia malayi in the jird, Meriones unguiculatus, with notes on infections in other rodents. Journal of Parasitology, 56, 969–973.
  • Case, T. C., Unger, E., Bernas, M. J., Witte, M. H., Witte C. L., McNeill, G., Crandall, C. & Crandall, R. (1992a). Lymphatic imaging in experimental filariasis using magnetic resonance. Investigative Radiology, 27, 293–297.
  • Case, T. C, Witte, M. H., Way, D. L., Witte, C. L., Crandall, C. A. & Crandall, R. B. (1992b). Videomicroscopy of intralymphatic-dwelling Brugia malayi. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86, 435–438.
  • Dreyer, G., Amaral, F., Noroes, J. & Medeiros, Z. (1994). Ultrasonographic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 558.
  • Dreyer, G., Amaral, F., Noroes, J., Medeiros, Z. & Addiss, D. (1995a). A new tool to assess the adulticidal efficacy in vivo of antifilarial drugs for bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89, 225–226.
  • Dreyer, G., Noroes, J., Amaral, F., Nen, A., Medeiros, Z., Coutinho, A & Addiss, D. (1995b). Direct assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 89, 441–443.
  • Dreyer, G., Brandao, A. C., Amaral, F., Medeiros, Z. & Addiss, D. (1996a). Detection by ultrasound of living adult Wucheraria bancrofti in the female breast. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 91, 95–96.
  • Dreyer, G., Noroes, J., Rocha, A. & Addiss, D. (1996b). Detection of living adult Wucheraria bancrofti in a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 29, 1005–1008.
  • Gelband, H. (1994). Diethylcarbamazine salt in the control of lymphatic filariasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 655–662.
  • Homeida, M. A., Mackenzie, C. D., Williams, H. F. & Ghalib, H. W. (1986). The detection of onchocercal nodule by ultrasound technique. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 80, 570–571.
  • Ismail, M. M., Jayakody, R. L., Weil, G. J., Nirmalan, N., Jayasinghe, K. S. A., Abeyewickrema, W., Rezvi Sheriff, M. H., Rajaratnam, H. N., Amarasekara, N., de Silva, D. C. L., Michalski, M. L. & Dissanaike, A. L. (1998). Efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 94–97.
  • McMahon, J. E. & Simonsen, P. E. (1996). Filariases. In Manson's Tropical Diseases, 20th Edn., ed. Cook, G. pp. 1321–1368. London: W. B. Saunders.
  • Michael, E., Bundy, D. A. P. & Grenfell, B. T. (1996). Re-assessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology, 112, 409–428.
  • Noroes, J., Addiss, D., Santos, A., Medeiros, Z., Coutinho, A. & Dreyer, G. (1996). Ultrasonographic evidence of abnormal lymphatic vessels in young men with adult Wuchereria bancrofti infection in the scrotal area. Journal of Urology, 156, 409–412.
  • Ottesen, E. A. (1998). Towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis. In Infectious Diseases and Public Health, eds Angelico, M. & Rocchi, G. pp 58–64. Tel Aviv: Balaban.
  • Ottesen, E. A. & Ramachandran, C. P. (1995). Lymphatic filariasis infection and disease: control strategies. Parasitology Today, 11, 129–131.
  • Shenoy, R. K., Kumaraswami, V., Rajan, K., Thankom, S. & Jalajakumari (1992). Ivermectin for the treatment of periodic Malayan filariasis: a study of efficacy and side effects following a single oral dose and retreatment at six months. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86, 271–278.
  • Shenoy, R. K., Kumaraswami, V., Rajan, K., Thankom, S. & Jalajakumari (1993). A comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of single and split doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in periodic brugian filariasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 87, 459–467.
  • Shenoy, R. K., Varghese, J., Kuttikal, V. V. & Kumaraswami, V. (1998a). The efficacy, tolerability and safety of diethylcarbamazine fortified salt in the treatment of the microfilaraemias of brugian filariasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 92, 285–293.
  • Shenoy, R. K., George, L. M., John, A., Suma, T. K. & Kumaraswami, V. (1998b). Treatment of microfilaraemia in asymptomatic brugian filariasis: the efficacy and safety of the combination of single doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 92, 579–585.
  • Shenoy, R. K., Dalia S., John, A., Suma, T. K. & Kumaraswami, V. (1999). Treatment of microfilaraemia in asymptomatic brugian filariasis with single doses of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine or albendazole in various combinations. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, 643–651.
  • Suresh, S., Kumaraswami, V., Suresh, I., Rajesh, K., Suguna, G., Vijayasekaran, V., Ruckmani, A. & Rajamanickam, M. G. (1997). Ultrasonographic diagnosis of subclinical filariasis. Journal of Ultrasound Medicine, 16, 45–49.
  • Weil, G., Lammie, P. J. & Weiss, N. (1997). The ICT filariasis test: a rapid format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Parasitology Today, 13, 401–404.
  • World Health Organization (1994). Lymphatic Filariasis: Infection and Disease: Control Strategies. Document TDR/CTD/FIL/PENANG/94.1. Geneva: WHO.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.