1,890
Views
76
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Competitive balance versus competitive intensity before a match: is one of these two concepts more relevant in explaining attendance? The case of the French football Ligue 1 over the period 2008–2011

, , , &
Pages 4184-4192 | Published online: 16 Apr 2013

References

  • Andreff , W. 2009 . Équilibre compétitif et contrainte budgétaire dans une ligue de sport professionnel . Revue Economique , 60 : 591 – 633 .
  • Andreff , W. 2010 . Économie Internationale du Sport , Grenoble : Presses Universitaires De Grenoble .
  • Andreff , W. 2011 . “ Événementiel sportif, impact économique et régulation ” . In Néo-Marketing Du Sport: Regards Croisés Entre Europe Et Amérique Du Nord , Edited by: Desbordes , M. and Richelieu , A. 67 – 90 . Bruxelles : De Boeck .
  • Andreff , W. 2012 . Mondialisation Économique Du Sport , Bruxelles : DeBoeck .
  • Baimbridge , M. , Cameron , S. and Dawson , P. 1996 . Satellite television and the demand for football: a whole new ball game? . Scottish Journal of Political Economy , 43 : 317 – 33 .
  • Bird , P. J. 1982 . The demand for league football . Applied Economics , 14 : 637 – 49 .
  • Cairns , J. A. , Jennett , N. and Sloane , P. J. 1986 . The economics of professional team sport: a survey of theory and evidence . Journal of Economic Studies , 13 : 3 – 80 .
  • Falter , J.-M. and Pérignon , C. 2000 . Demand for football and intramatch winning probability: an essay on the glorious uncertainty of sports . Applied Economics , 32 : 1757 – 65 .
  • Falter , J.-M. , Pérignon , C. and Vercruysse , O. 2008 . The impact of overwhelming joy on consumer demand: the case of a soccer world cup victory . Journal of Sport Economics , 9 : 20 – 42 .
  • Fort , R. and Maxcy , J. 2003 . Comment: competitive balance in sports leagues: an introduction . Journal of Sports Economics , 4 : 154 – 60 .
  • García , J. and Rodríguez , P. 2002 . The determinants of football match attendance revisited: empirical evidence from the Spanish football league . Journal of Sports Economics , 3 : 18 – 38 .
  • Groot , L. 2008 . Economics, Uncertainty and European Football: Trends in Competitive Balance , Cheltenham, UK/Northampton , MA : Edward Elgar .
  • Humphreys , B. R. 2002 . Alternatives measures of competitive balance in sports leagues . Journal of Sports Economics , 3 : 133 – 48 .
  • Kesenne , S. 2000 . Revenue sharing and competitive balance in professional team sports . Journal of Sports Economics , 1 : 56 – 65 .
  • Kringstad , M. and Gerrard , B. 2004 . “ The concepts of competitive balance and uncertainty of outcome ” . In International Association of Sports Economists Conference Paper No. 0412 Limoges
  • Kringstad , M. and Gerrard , B. 2005 . “ Theory and evidence on competitive intensity in European soccer ” . In International Association of Sports Economists Conference Paper No. 0508 Limoges
  • Kringstad , M. and Gerrard , B. 2007 . “ Competitive balance in a modern league structure ” . In Communication abstract to the North American Society for Sport Management Conference, May 30–June 2 26 – 7 . Ft. Lauderdale , FL
  • Lee , T. 2010 . Competitive balance in the national football league after the 1993 collective bargaining agreement . Journal of Sports Economics , 11 : 77 – 88 .
  • Peel , D. and Thomas , D. 1992 . The demand for football: some evidence on outcome uncertainty . Empirical Economics , 17 : 323 – 31 .
  • Scelles , N. , Desbordes , M. and Durand , C. 2011 . Marketing in sport leagues: optimising the product design. Intra-championship competitive intensity in French football Ligue 1 and basketball Pro A . International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing , 9 : 13 – 28 .
  • Scelles , N. , Durand , C. Bah , S. T. 2011 . Intra-match competitive intensity in French football Ligue 1 and rugby Top 14 . International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing , 9 : 154 – 69 .
  • Szymanski , S. 2001 . Income inequality, competitive balance and the attractiveness of team sports: some evidence and a natural experiment from English soccer . The Economic Journal , 111 : F69 – F84 .
  • Szymanski , S. 2003 . The economic design of sporting contests . Journal of Economic Literature , 41 : 1137 – 87 .
  • White , H. 1980 . A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity . Econometrica , 48 : 817 – 38 .
  • Zimbalist , A. S. 2002 . Competitive balance in sports leagues: an introduction . Journal of Sports Economics , 3 : 111 – 21 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.