Threshold effects in the patent-growth relationship: a PSTR approach for 60 developed and developing countries

References

• Adams, S. 2009. “Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment, and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Journal of Policy Modeling 31 (6): 939–949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghion, P., U. Akcigit, A. Bergeaud, R. Blundell, and D. Hémous. 2015. “Innovation and Top Income Inequality.” NBER Working Paper, n° 21247.
   Google Scholar
• Alexiou, C., J. Nellis, and N. Papageorgiadis. 2016. “The Effect of Patent Enforcement Strength and FDI on Economic Growth.” Multinational Business Review 24 (4): 334–353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aristizabal-Ramirez, M., and R.-A. F. Canavire-Bacarreza. 2015. “Revisiting the Effects of Innovation and Growth: A Threshold Analysis.” Applied Economics Letters 22 (18): 1474–1479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrow, K. J. 1962. “Economic Implications of Learning by Doing.” The Review of Economic Studies 29 (3): 155–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awais, M., A. Pervez, A. Yaqub, R. Sarwar, F. Alam, and S. Siraj. 2010. “Current Status of Biotechnology in Health.” American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science 7: 210–220.
   Google Scholar
• Azariadis, C., and A. Drazen. 1990. “Threshold Externalities in Economic Development.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 105: 501–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekhet, H. A., and N. W. Abdul Latif. 2018. “The Impact of Technological Innovation and Governance Institution Quality on Malaysia’s Sustainable Growth: Evidence from a Dynamic Relationship.” Technology in Society 54: 27–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielig, A. 2015. “Intellectual Property and Economic Development in Germany: Empirical Evidence for 1999–2009.” European Journal of Law and Economics 39 (3): 607–622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilbao-Osorio, B., and A. Rodríguez-Pose. 2004. “From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU.” Growth and Change 35: 434–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco, L. R., J. Gu, and J. E. Prieger. 2015. “The Impact of Research and Development on Economic Growth and Productivity in the U.S. States.” Southern Economic Journal 82 (3): 914–934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buesa, M., J. Heijs, and T. Baumert. 2010. “The Determinants of Regional Innovation in Europe: A Combined Factorial and Regression Knowledge Production Function Approach.” Research Policy 39: 722–745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellacci, F. 2008. “Technological Paradigms, Regimes and Trajectories: Manufacturing and Service Industries in a New Taxonomy of Sectoral Patterns of Innovation.” Ressource Policy 37: 978–994.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, Y. J., and J. Baek. 2017. “Does FDI Really Matter to Economic Growth in India?” Economies 5 (20): 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Curren, C., and J. Lecker. 2011. “Patent Indicators for Monitoring Convergence Examples from NFF and ICT.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 78: 256–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dosi, G., M. Grazzi, and D. Moschella. 2015. “Technology and Costs in International Competitiveness: From Countries and Sectors to Firms.” Research Policy 44: 1795–1814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerberg, J., B. Martin, and E. S. Andersen, eds. 2013. Innovation Studies: Evolution and Future Challenges. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fiaschi, D., and A. M. Lavezzi. 2007. “Appropriate Technology in a Solovian Nonlinear Growth Model.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 23 (1): 115–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficawoyi, D. A. 2019. “Technology, Education, and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Telecommunications Policy 43 (3): 353–360.
   Google Scholar
• Galor, O., and D. Weil. 2000. “Population, Technology and Growth: From Malthus Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and Beyond.” American Economic Review 90: 806–828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfeld, S. M., and R. E. Quandt. 1972. Nonlinear Methods in Econometrics. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, A., T. Teräsvirta, and V. D. Dick. 2005. “Panel Smooth Transmission Regression Models.” Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, Stockholm School of Economics.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, D. M., and W. C. Gruben. 1996. “The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Economic Growth.” Journal of Development Economics 48 (2): 323–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger, C., and T. Teräsvirta. 1993. Modelling Non-linear Economic Relationships. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hacklin, F. 2008. Management of Convergence in Innovation: Strategies and Capabilities for Value Creation beyond Blurring Industry Boundaries: Contributions to Management Science. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Haftu, G. G. 2019. “Information Communications Technology and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Panel Data Approach.” Telecommunications Policy 43 (2019): 88–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, B. E. 1996. “Inference When a Nuisance Parameter Is Not Identified under the Null Hypothesis.” Econometrica 64: 413–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, B. E. 1999. “Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing, and Inference.” Journal of Econometrics 93 (2): 345–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan, I., and C. L. Tucci. 2010. “The Innovation–Economic Growth Nexus: Global Evidence.” Research Policy 39 (10): 1264–1276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horii, R., and T. Iwaisako. 2006. “Economic Growth with Imperfect Protection of Intellectual Property Rights.” Journal of Economics 90 (1): 45–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglesi-Lotz, R., A. Hakimi, and A. Pouris. 2018. “Patents Vs Publications and R&D: Three Sides of the Same Coin? Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) for OECD and BRICS Countries.” Applied Economics 50 (45): 4912–4923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglesi-Lotz, R., R. Van Eyden, and C. Du Toit. 2014. “The Evolution and Contribution of Technological Progress to the South African Economy: Growth Accounting and Kalman Filter Application.” Applied Econometrics and International Development 14 (1): 175–191.
   Google Scholar
• Iwaisako, T., and K. Futagami. 2013. “Patent Protection, Capital Accumulation, and Economic Growth.” Economic Theory 52: 631–668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, E. S. and T. Teräsvirta. 1996. Testing Parameter Constancy and Super Exogeneity in Econometric Equations. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58 (4): 735–763.
   Google Scholar
• Lach, S. 1995. “Patents and Productivity Growth at the Industry Level: A First Look.” Economics Letters 49 (1): 101–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBel, P. 2008. “The Role of Creative Innovation in Economic Growth: Some International Comparisons. Journal of Asian Economics 19: 334–347.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K., and J. Lee. 2019. “National Innovation Systems, Economic Complexity, and Economic Growth: Country Panel Analysis Using the US Patent Data.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 1–32. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00191-019-00612-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., and J. Zhang. 2007. “Do High Birth Rates Hamper Economic Growth?” Review of Economics and Statistics 30: 67–80.
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield, E. 1980. “Basic Research and Productivity Increase in Manufacturing.” American Economic Review 70 (863–73): 10.
   Google Scholar
• Maradana, R. P., R. P. Pradhan, S. Dash, K. Gaurav, M. Jayakumar, and D. Chatterjee. 2017. “Does Innovation Promote Economic Growth? Evidence from European Countries.” Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 6 (1): 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Niwa, S. 2016. “Patent Claims and Economic Growth.” Economic Modelling 54: 377–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peel, D. A., and A. E. H. Speight. 1998a. “The Nonlinear Time Series Properties of Unemployment Rates: Some Further Evidence.” Applied Economics 30: 287–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peel, D. A., and A. E. H. Speight. 1998b. “Threshold Nonlinearities in Output: Some International Evidence.” Applied Economics 30 (3): 323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peel, D. A., and A. E. H. Speight. 2000. “Threshold Nonlinearities in Unemployment Rates: Further Evidence for the UK and G3 Economies.” Applied Economics 32: 705–715.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quandt, R. E. 1958. “The Estimation of the Parameters of a Linear Regression System Obeying Two Separate Regimes.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 53: 873–880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghupathi, V., and W. Raghupathi. 2017. “Innovation at Country-level: Association between Economic Development and Patents.” Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 6 (1): 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Ridzuan, A. R., N. A. Ismail, and A. F. Che Hamat. 2017. “Does Foreign Direct Investment Successfully Lead to Sustainable Development in Singapore?” Economies 5 (3): 1–20. 29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer, P. M. 1990. “Endogenous Technological Change.” The Journal of Political Economy 98(5): S71–S102. Part 2: The Problem of Development: A Conference of the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Systems.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito, Y. 2017. “Effects of Patent Protection on Economic Growth and Welfare in a two-R&D-sector Economy.” Economic Modelling 62: 124–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer, F. 1982. “Inter-industry Technology Flows and Productivity Growth.” Review of Economics and Statistics 64: 627–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumpeter, J. A. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development, Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press (originally published in German in 1911; reprinted by Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Sepehrdoust, H. 2018. “Impact of Information and Communication Technology and Financial Development on Economic Growth of OPEC Developing Economies.” Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 40 (3): 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, T. 2012. “Testing Nonlinearities in Economic Growth in the OECD Countries: An Evidence from SETAR and STAR Models.” Applied Economics 44 (30): 3887–3908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, D. 2008. “Patents, Innovations and Economic Growth in Japan and South Korea: Evidence from Individual Country and Panel Data.” Applied Econometrics and International Development 8 (1): 181–188.
   Google Scholar
• Sokolov-Mladenović, S., S. Cvetanović, and I. Mladenović. 2016. “R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: EU28 Evidence for the Period 2002–2012.” Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 29 (1): 1005–1020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solow, R. M. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 70 (1): 65–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, J. 2012. The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Divided Society Endangers Our Future. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Su, H.-N., and I.-M. Moanib. 2017. “Does Innovation Respond to Climate Change? Empirical Evidence from Patents and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 122: 49–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweet, C., and D. Eterovic. 2019. “Do Patent Rights Matter? 40 Years of Innovation, Complexity and Productivity.” World Development 115: 78–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, S., E. Selvanathan, and S. Selvanathan. 2008. “Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment and Economic Growth in China: A Time Series Analysis.” The World Economy 31 (10): 1292–1309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teräsvirta, T. 1994. “Specification Estimation and Evaluation of Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 89: 208–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terasvirta, T., and H. M. Anderson. 1992. “Characterizing Nonlinearities in Business Cycles Using Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 7: S119–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, H. 1983. Threshold Models in Non-linear Time Series Analysis, Lecture Notes in Statistics. Vol. 21. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, H., and K. S. Lim. 1980. “Threshold Autoregression, Limit Cycles and Cyclical Data.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 42: 245–292.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, D., P. H. Franses, and R. Paap. 2002. “A Nonlinear Long-memory Model with an Application to US Unemployment.” Journal of Econometrics 110: 135–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeek, M. 2012. A Guide to Modern Econometrics. 4th ed. Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Zeira, J. 2011. “Innovations, Patent Races and Endogenous Growth.” Journal of Economic Growth 16 (2): 135–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar