References
- Adsera, A. 2005. “Vanishing Children: From High Unemployment to Low Fertility in Developed Countries.” American Economic Review 95 (2): 189–193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1257/000282805774669763.
- Adsera, A. 2011. “Where are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe.” European Journal of Population 21 (1): 1–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-010-9222-x.
- Adsera, A., and A. Menendez. 2011. “Fertility Changes in Latin America in Periods of Economic Uncertainty.” Population Studies 65 (1): 37–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2010.530291.
- Baker, S. R., N. Bloom, and S. J. Davis. 2016. “Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 131 (4): 1593–1636. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024.
- Becker, G. S. 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Billingsey, S. 2010. “The Post-communist Fertility Puzzle.” Population Research and Policy Review 29 (2): 193–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-009-9136-7.
- Bongaarts, J. 2002. “The End of the Fertility Transition in the Developed World.” Population and Development Review 28 (3): 419–443. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00419.x.
- Bongaarts, J., and T. Sobotka. 2012. “A Demographic Explanation for the Recent Rise in European Fertility.” Population and Development Review 38 (1): 83–120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00473.x.
- Brainerd, E. 2009. “The Demographic Transformation of Post-socialist Countries: Causes, Consequences, and Questions.” In Economies in Transition: The Long-Run View, edited by G. Roland, 57–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
- Choi, I. 2001. “Unit Root Tests for Panel Data.” Journal of International Money and Finance 20 (2): 249–272. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5606(00)00048-6.
- Comolli, C. L. 2017. “The Fertility Response to the Great Recession in Europe and the United States.” Demographic Research 36: 1549–1600. doi:https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.51.
- Comolli, C. L., and F. Bernardi. 2015. “The Causal Effect of the Great Recession on Childlessness of White American Women.” IZA Journal of Labor Economics 4 (21): 1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40172-015-0037-1.
- Cornia, G. A., and R. Paniccià. 1996. “The Transition’s Population Crisis: An Econometric Investigation of Nuptiality, Fertility and Mortality in Severely Distressed Economies.” MOCT-MOST Economic Policy in Transitional Economies 6 (1): 95–129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02430940.
- D’Addio, A. C., and M. d’Ercole. 2005. “Policies, Institutions and Fertility Rates: A Panel Data Analysis for OECD Countries.” OECD Economic Studies 41 (2): 8–45.
- Engelhardt, H. (2011). “On the Changing Correlation between Fertility and Female Employment over Space and Time: A Pooled Time-series Analysis on the Impact of Social Indicators.” Discussion paper: 9, Bamberg: Universität Bamberg, Professur für Demografie: 26.
- Engelhardt, H., and A. F. Prskawetz. 2005. “A Pooled Time-series Analysis on the Relation between Fertility and Female Employment.” European Demographic Research Papers 0501, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
- Fountas, S., M. Karanasos, and J. Kim. 2006. “Inflation Uncertainty, Output Growth Uncertainty and Macroeconomic Performance.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 68 (3): 319–343. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2006.00164.x.
- Frejka, T. 2008. “Overview Chapter 5: Determinants of Family Formation and Childbearing during the Societal Transition in Central and Eastern Europe.” Demographic Research 19 (7): 139–170. doi:https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.7.
- Goldstein, J. R., M. Kreyenfeld, A. Jasilioniene, and D. K. Örsal. 2013. “Fertility Reactions to the ‘Great Recession’ in Europe: Recent Evidence from Order Specific Data.” Demographic Research 29 (4): 85–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.4.
- Goldstein, J. R., T. Sobotka, and A. Jasilioniene. 2009. “The End of Lowest-low Fertility?.” Population and Development Review 35 (4): 663–699. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00304.x.
- Hellerstein, J. K., and M. S. Morrill. 2010. “Booms, Busts, and Divorce.” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 11 (1). doi:https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.2914.
- Hofmann, B., and K. Hohmeyer. 2013. “Perceived Economic Uncertainty and Fertility.” Journal of Marriage and Family 75 (2): 503–521. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12011
- Hondroyiannis, G. 2013. “Fertility Determinants and Economic Uncertainty: An Assessment Using European Panel Data.” Journal of Family and Economic Issues 31 (1): 33–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-009-9178-3.
- Im, K. S., M. H. Pesaran, and Y. Shin. 2003. “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels.” Journal of Econometrics 115 (1): 53–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7.
- Jemna, D. V., and M. David. 2018. “Post-transitional Regional Fertility in Romania.” Demographic Research 38: 1733–1776. doi:https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.57.
- Kao, C. 1999. “Spurious Regression and Residual Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data.” Journal of Econometrics 90 (1): 1–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2.
- Kohler, H. P., F. C. Billari, and J. A. Ortega. 2002. “The Emergence of Lowest-low Fertility in Europe during the 1990s.” Population and Development Review 28 (4): 641–680. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00641.x.
- Kose, A. M., E. S. Prasad, and M. E. Terrones. 2005. “Growth and Volatility in an Era of Globalization.” IMF Staff Papers 52: 31–63.
- Kreyenfeld, M. 2012. “The Connection between Women’s Gainful Employment and Their Fertility.” Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 64 (3): 612–615.
- Kreyenfeld, M., G. Andersson, and A. Pailhé. 2012. “Economic Uncertainty and Family Dynamics in Europe.” Demographic Research 27 (28): 835–852. doi:https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.28.
- Lesthaeghe, R. 2001. “Postponement and Recuperation: Recent Fertility Trends and Forecasts in Six Western European Countries.” Paper presented at the IUSSP Seminar on “International Perspectives on Low Fertility: Trends, Theories and Policies”, Tokyo, Japan, March 21–23.
- Lesthaeghe, R. 2010. “The Unfolding Story of the Second Demographic Transition.” Population and Development Review 36 (2): 211–251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x.
- Lesthaeghe, R., and J. Surkyn. 2002. “New Forms of Household Formation in Central and Eastern Europe: Are They Related to the Newly Emerging Value Orientations?” Economic Survey of Europe 1: 197–216.
- Levin, A., C. F. Lin, and C. Chu. 2000. “Unit Root Test in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties.” Journal of Econometrics 108 (1): 1–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7.
- Luci-Greulich, A., and O. Thévenon. 2014. “Does Economic Advancement ‘Cause’ a Re-increase in Fertility? An Empirical Analysis for OECD Countries (1960-2007).” European Journal of Population 30 (2): 187–221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-013-9309-2.
- Macura, M. 2000. “Fertility Decline in the Transition Economies, 1989-1998: Economic and Social Factors Revisited.” In Economic Survey of Europe. Vol. 1. 189–207. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
- Madala, G. S., and S. Wu. 1999. “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61 (S1): 631–652. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1631.
- McDonald, P. 2002. “Sustaining Fertility through Public Policy: The Range of Options.” Population (English Edition) 57 (3): 417–446. doi:https://doi.org/10.3917/pope.203.0417.
- McDonald, P. 2009. “Explanations of Low Fertility in East Asia: A Comparative Perspective.” In Ultra-low Fertility in Pacific Asia: Trends, Causes and Policy Issues, edited by G. Jones, P. Straughan, and A. Chan, 23-39. Oxford: Routledge.
- Morgan, S. P., E. Cumberworth, and C. Wimer. 2011. “The Great Recession’s Influence on Fertility, Marriage, Divorce and Cohabitation.” In The Great Recession, edited by D. B. Grusky, B. Western, and C. Wimer, 220−245. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Myrskylä, M., J. R. Goldstein, and Y. A. Cheng. 2013. “New Cohort Fertility Forecasts for the Developed World: Rises, Falls, and Reversals.” Population and Development Review 39 (1): 31–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00572.x.
- Pedroni, P. 2004. “Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to the PPP Hypothesis.” Econometric Theory 20 (3): 597–625. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466604203073.
- Perelli-Harris, B. 2005. “The Path to Lowest-low Fertility in Ukraine.” Population Studies 59 (1): 55–70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472052000332700.
- Philipov, D. 2002. “Fertility in Times of Discontinuous Societal Change: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe.” MPIDR working paper; WP-2002-024, Rostock: Max Planck Institute of Demographic Research.
- Philipov, D., and H.-P. Kohler. 2001. “Tempo Effects in the Fertility Decline in Eastern Europe: Evidence from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Russia.” European Journal of Population 17 (1): 37–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010740213453.
- Philipov, D., and J. Dorbritz. 2003. “Demographic Consequences of Economic Transition in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” Population Studies 39, 205. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
- Philipov, D., Z. Spéder, and F. C. Billari. 2006. “Soon, Later, or Ever? The Impact of Anomie and Social Capital on Fertility Intentions in Bulgaria (2002) and Hungary (2001).” Population Studies 60 (3): 289–308. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00324720600896080.
- Pintilescu, C., D. V. Jemna, E. D. Viorică, and M. Asandului. 2014. “Inflation, Output Growth, and Their Uncertainties: Empirical Evidence for a Causal Relationship from European Emerging Economies.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 50 (4): 78–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X5004S405.
- Ranjan, P. 1999. “Fertility Behaviour under Income Uncertainty.” European Journal of Population 15 (1): 25–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006106527618.
- Rostgaard, T. 2000. “Developing Comparable Indicators in Early Childhood Education and Care.” Paper commissioned by the OECD, OECD Thematic Review of Early Childhood Education and Care Policy, Paris: OECD.
- Schmertmann, C., E. Zagheni, J. R. Goldstein, and M. Myrskylä. 2014. “Bayesian Forecasting of Cohort Fertility.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 109 (506): 500–513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2014.881738.
- Schmitt, C. 2012. “A Cross-national Perspective on Unemployment and First Births.” European Journal of Population 28 (3): 303–335. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9262-5.
- Schneider, D. 2015. “The Great Recession, Fertility, and Uncertainty: Evidence from the United States.” Journal of Marriage and Family 77 (5): 1144–1156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12212.
- Sobotka, T. 2003. “Re-emerging Diversity: Rapid Fertility Changes in Central and Eastern Europe after the Collapse of the Communist Regimes.” Population-E 58 (4–5): 451–486. doi:https://doi.org/10.3917/pope.304.0451.
- Sobotka, T. 2004. “Is Lowest-low Fertility in Europe Explained by the Postponement of Childbearing?” Population and Development Review 30 (2): 195–220. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.010_1.x.
- Sobotka, T. 2008. “The Diverse Faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe.” Demographic Research 19 (8): 171–224. doi:https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.8.
- Sobotka, T. 2011. “Fertility in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989. Collapse and Gradual Recovery.” In Historical Social Research (Special Issue Fertility in the 20th Century: Trends, Policies, Theories, Discourses). Vol. 36 (2), 246–296. GESIS: Center for Historical Social Research.
- Sobotka, T., V. Skirbekk, and D. Philipov. 2011. “Economic Recession and Fertility in the Developed World. A Literature Review.” Population and Development Review 37 (2): 267–306. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00411.x.
- UNECE. 2000. “Fertility Decline in the Transition Economies, 1989-1998: Economic and Social Factors Revisited.” In Economic Survey of Europe. Vol. 1, 189–205. New York and Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.