1,584
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Attitudes and personality in the Australian gender wage gap

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Alesina, A., P. Giuliano, and N. Nunn. 2013. “On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 128 (2): 469–530. doi:10.1093/qje/qjt005.
  • Almlund, M., A. Lee Duckworth, J. Heckman, and T. Kautz. 2011. “Personality Psychology and Economics.” In Handbook of Economics of Education, edited by E. A. Hanushek; S. Machin, and L. Woessman, 1–181. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Altonji, J. G., and R. M. Blank. 1999. “Race and Gender in the Labor Market.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by O. Ashenfelter and R. Layard, 3143–3259. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Barón, J. D., and D. A. Cobb-Clark. 2010. “Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Private- and Public-Sector Employment: A Distributional Analysis.” The Economic Record 86 (273): 227–246. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.2009.00600.x.
  • Becker, G. S. [1957] 1971. The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Bellemare, M. F., T. Masaki, and T. B. Pepinsky. 2017. “Lagged Explanatory Variables and the Estimation of Causal Effect.” The Journal of Politics 79 (3): 949–963. doi:10.1086/690946.
  • Blau, F. D., and L. M. Kahn. 2000. “Gender Differences in Pay.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 (4): 75–99. doi:10.1257/jep.14.4.75.
  • Blau, F. D., and L. M. Kahn. 2017. “The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations.” Journal of Economic Literature 55 (3): 789–865. doi:10.1257/jel.20160995.
  • Brock, J. M. 2020. “Unfair Inequality, Governance and Individual Beliefs.” Journal of Comparative Economics 48 (3): 658–687. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2020.03.001.
  • Casacci, S., and A. Pareto. 2015. “Methods for Quantifying Ordinal Variables: A Comparative Study.” Quality & Quantity 49 (5): 1859–1872. doi:10.1007/s11135-014-0063-2.
  • Clemens, M. A., S. Radelet, R. R. Bhavnani, and S. Bazzi. 2012. “Counting Chickens When They Hatch: Timing and the Effects of Aid on Growth.” The Economic Journal 122 (561): 590–617. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02482.x.
  • Cobb-Clark, D. A., and S. Schurer. 2012. “The Stability of Big-Five Personality Traits.” Economics Letters 115 (1): 11–15. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2011.11.015.
  • Cobb-Clark, D. A., and M. Tan. 2011. “Noncognitive Skills, Occupational Attainment, and Relative Wages.” Labour Economics 18 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.07.003.
  • Cobb‐clark, D. A., and S. Schurer. 2013. “Two Economists’ Musings on the Stability of Locus of Control.” The Economic Journal 123 (570): F358–F400. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12069.
  • Coelli, M. B. 2014. “Occupational Differences and the Australian Gender Wage Gap.” Australian Economic Review 47 (1): 44–62. doi:10.1111/1467-8462.12039.
  • Cornell, B., and I. Welch. 1996. “Culture, Information, and Screening Discrimination.” The Journal of Political Economy 104 (3): 542–571. doi:10.1086/262033.
  • Corrigall, E. A., and A. M. Konrad. 2007. “Gender Role Attitudes and Careers: A Longitudinal Study.” Sex Roles 56 (11–12): 847–855. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9242-0.
  • Cozzi, G., M. Francesconi, S. Lundberg, N. Mantovan, and R. M. Sauer. 2018. “Advancing the Economics of Gender: New Insights and a Roadmap for the Future.” European Economic Review 109: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.06.008.
  • Cubel, M., A. Nuevo‐chiquero, S. Sanchez‐pages, and M. Vidal‐fernandez. 2016. “Do Personality Traits Affect Productivity? Evidence from the Laboratory.” Economic Journal 126 (592): 654–681.
  • Curzi, D., and L. Pacca. 2015. “Price, Quality and Trade Costs in the Food Sector.” Food Policy 55: 147–158. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.06.007.
  • Department of Social Services and Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research. 2020. ”The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey.” Restricted Release 19 (Waves 1–19). doi:10.26193/0LPD4U. ADA Dataverse, V2.
  • Dickinson, D. L., and R. L. Oaxaca. 2014. “Wages, Employment, and Statistical Discrimination: Evidence from the Laboratory.” Economic Inquiry 52 (4): 1380–1391. doi:10.1111/ecin.12103.
  • Dynan, K. E., and E. Ravina. 2007. “Increasing Income Inequality, External Habits, and Self-Reported Happiness.” The American Economic Review 97 (2): 226–231. doi:10.1257/aer.97.2.226.
  • Egmond, M. V., J. Baxter, S. Buchler, and M. Western. 2010. “A Stalled Revolution? Gender Role Attitudes in Australia, 1986–2005.” Journal of Population Research 27: 147–168.
  • Escriche, L., G. Olcina, and R. Sánchez. 2004. “Gender Discrimination and Intergenerational Transmission of Preferences.” Oxford Economic Papers 56 (3): 485–511. doi:10.1093/oep/gpf058.
  • Fan, P.-L., and M. M. Marini. 2000. “Influences on Gender-Role Attitudes During the Transition to Adulthood.” Social Science Research 29 (2): 258–283. doi:10.1006/ssre.1999.0669.
  • Fernández, R., A. Fogli, and C. Olivetti. 2004. “Mothers and Sons: Preference Formation and Female Labor Force Dynamics.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (4): 1249–1299. doi:10.1162/0033553042476224.
  • Fortin, N. M. 2005. “Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour-Market Outcomes of Women Across OECD Countries.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 21 (3): 416–438. doi:10.1093/oxrep/gri024.
  • Fortin, N. M. 2008. “The Gender Wage Gap Among Young Adults in the United States: The Importance of Money versus People.” The Journal of Human Resources 43 (4): 884–918. doi:10.1353/jhr.2008.0006.
  • Fortin, N. M. 2009. “Gender Role Attitudes and Women’s Labor Market Participation: Opting-Out, AIDS, and the Persistent Appeal of Housewifery.” mimeo, Department of Economics, University of British Columbia.
  • Fortin, N., T. Lemieux, and S. Firpo. 2011. “Decomposition Methods in Economics.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by O. Ashenfelter and D. Card, 1–102. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Foster, G., and L. S. Stratton. 2018. “Do Significant Labor Market Events Change Who Does the Chores? Paid Work, Housework, and Power in Mixed-Gender Australian Households.” Journal of Population Economics 31 (2): 483–519.
  • Frieze, I. H., A. Ferligoj, T. Kogovšek, T. Rener, J. Horvat, and N. Šarlija. 2003. “Gender-Role Attitudes in University Students in the United States, Slovenia, and Croatia Show Less.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 27 (3): 256–261. doi:10.1111/1471-6402.00105.
  • Fuchs, V. R. 1989. “Women’s Quest for Economic Equality.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 (1): 25–41. doi:10.1257/jep.3.1.25.
  • Gensowski, M. 2018. “Personality, IQ, and Lifetime Earnings.” Labour Economics 51: 170–183. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2017.12.004.
  • Green, R. K., S. Malpezzi, and S. K. Mayo. 2005. “Metropolitan-Specific Estimates of the Price Elasticity of Supply of Housing, and Their Sources.” The American Economic Review 95 (2): 334–339. doi:10.1257/000282805774670077.
  • Guiso, L., and A. Rustichini. 2018. “What Drives Women Out of Management? the Joint Role of Testosterone and Culture.” European Economic Review 109: 221–237.
  • Hayo, B., A. M. Kutan, and M. Neuenkirch. 2010. “The Impact of U.S. Central Bank Communication on European and Pacific Equity Markets.” Economics Letters 108 (2): 172–174. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.05.006.
  • Heckman, J. J., and T. Kautz. 2012. “Hard Evidence on Soft Skills.” Labour Economics 19 (4): 451–464. doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2012.05.014.
  • Heckman, J. J., J. Stixrud, and S. Urzua. 2006. “The Effects of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities on Labor Market Outcomes and Social Behavior.” Journal of Labor Economics 24 (3): 411–482. doi:10.1086/504455.
  • Hetschko, C., A. Knabe, and R. Schöb. 2014. “Changing Identity: Retiring from Unemployment.” Economic Journal 124 (575): 149–166. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12046.
  • Ifcher, J., and H. Zarghamee. 2011. “Happiness and Time Preference: The Effect of Positive Affect in a Random-Assignment Experiment.” The American Economic Review 101 (7): 3109–3129. doi:10.1257/aer.101.7.3109.
  • Jann, B. 2008. “The Blinder–oaxaca Decomposition for Linear Regression Models.” The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 8 (4): 453–479. doi:10.1177/1536867X0800800401.
  • Jetter, M., and C. F. Parmeter. 2018. “Sorting Through Global Corruption Determinants: Institutions and Education Matter – Not Culture.” World Development 109: 279–294. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.013.
  • Kajonius, P. J., and J. Johnson. 2018. “Sex Differences in 30 Facets of the Five Factor Model of Personality in the Large Public (N = 320,128).” Personality and Individual Differences 129: 126–130. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.026.
  • Kollmeyer, C., and J. Peters. 2019. “Financialization and the Decline of Organized Labor: A Study of 18 Advanced Capitalist Countries, 1970–2012.” Social Forces 98 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1093/sf/soy105.
  • McMillan, J., A. Beavis, and F. L. Jones. 2009. “The AUSEI06: A New Socioeconomic Index for Australia.” Journal of Sociology 45 (2): 123–149. doi:10.1177/1440783309103342.
  • Mennuni, A. 2019. “The Aggregate Implications of Changes in the Labour Force Composition.” European Economic Review 116: 83–106. doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.03.007.
  • Mincer, J., and S. Polachek. 1974. “Family Investments in Human Capital: Earnings of Women.” The Journal of Political Economy 82 (2): S76–S108. doi:10.1086/260293.
  • Mueller, G., and E. Plug. 2006. “Estimating the Effect of Personality on Male and Female Earnings.” Industrial & Labor Relations Review 60 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1177/001979390606000101.
  • Neumark, D. 2018. “Experimental Research on Labor Market Discrimination.” Journal of Economic Literature 56 (3): 799–866. doi:10.1257/jel.20161309.
  • Nordman, C. J., L. R. Sarr, and S. Sharma. 2019. “Skills, Personality Traits, and Gender Wage Gaps: Evidence from Bangladesh.” Oxford Economic Papers 71 (3): 687–708. doi:10.1093/oep/gpy043.
  • Nyhus, E. K., and E. Pons. 2012. “Personality and the Gender Wage Gap.” Applied Economics 44 (1): 105–118. doi:10.1080/00036846.2010.500272.
  • OECD. 2020. “Gender Wage Gap (Indicator).” Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Accessed 21 August 2020. Available at 1 0.1787/4ead40c7-en
  • Olivetti, C., and B. Petrongolo. 2016. “The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Industrialized Countries.” Annual Review of Economics 8 (1): 405–434. doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115329.
  • Paunonen, S. V., and M. C. Ashton. 2001. “Big Five Predictors of Academic Achievement.” Journal of Research in Personality 35 (1): 78–90. doi:10.1006/jrpe.2000.2309.
  • Paunonen, S. V., M. G. Rothstein, and D. N. Jackson. 1999. “Narrow Reasoning About the Use of Broad Personality Measures for Personnel Selection.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 20 (3): 389–405. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199905)20:3<389:AID-JOB917>3.0.CO;2-G.
  • Phelps, E. S. 1972. “The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism.” The American Economic Review 62 (4): 659–661.
  • Redmond, P., and S. Mcguinness. 2019. “The Gender Wage Gap in Europe: Job Preferences, Gender Convergence and Distributional Effects.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 81 (3): 564–587. doi:10.1111/obes.12282.
  • Reshid, A. A. 2019. “The Gender Gap in Early Career Wage Growth: The Role of Children, Job Mobility, and Occupational Mobility.” Labour 33 (3): 278–305. doi:10.1111/labr.12148.
  • Reuben, E., M. Wiswall, and B. Zafar. 2017. “Preferences and Biases in Educational Choices and Labour Market Expectations: Shrinking the Black Box of Gender.” Economic Journal 127 (604): 2153–2186. doi:10.1111/ecoj.12350.
  • Risse, L., L. Farrell, and T. R. L. Fry. 2018. “Personality and Pay: Do Gender Gaps in Confidence Explain Gender Gaps in Wages?” Oxford Economic Papers 70 (4): 919–949.
  • Roberts, B. W., O. S. Chernyshenko, S. Stark, and L. R. Goldberg. 2005. “The Structure of Conscientiousness: An Empirical Investigation Based on Seven Major Personality Questionnaires.” Personnel Psychology 58 (1): 103–139. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00301.x.
  • Saucier, G., and F. Ostendorf. 1999. “Hierarchical Subcomponents of the Big Five Personality Factors: A Cross-Language Replication.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76 (4): 613–627. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.613.
  • Sjöberg, O. 2004. “The Role of Family Policy Institutions in Explaining Gender-Role Attitudes: A Comparative Multilevel Analysis of Thirteen Industrialized Countries.” Journal of European Social Policy 14 (2): 107–123. doi:10.1177/0958928704042003.
  • Taber, K. S. 2018. “The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education.” Research in Science Education 48 (6): 1273–1296. doi:10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2.
  • Usmani, A. 2018. “Democracy and the Class Struggle.” The American Journal of Sociology 124 (3): 664–704. doi:10.1086/700235.
  • Vella, F. 1993. “Gender Roles, Occupational Choice and Gender Wage Differential.” The Economic Record 69 (4): 382–392. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4932.1993.tb02119.x.
  • Vella, F. 1994. “Gender Roles and Human Capital Investment: The Relationship Between Traditional Attitudes and Female Labour Market Performance.” Economica 61 (242): 191–211. doi:10.2307/2554957.
  • Watson, I. 2010. “Decomposing the Gender Pay Gap in the Australian Managerial Labour Market.” Australian Journal of Labour Economics 13 (1): 49–79.
  • Watson, N., and M. Wooden. 2002. “Assessing the Quality of the HILDA Survey Wave 1 Data.” HILDA Project Technical Paper Series No. 4/02. University of Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research.
  • WGEA. 2021. “Australia’s Gender Pay Gap Statistics 2021.” Sydney, Australia: Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA). accessed 1 March 2020 2022. Available at https://www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Gender_pay_gap_fact_sheet_Feb2020.pdf
  • Wood, D., C. D. Nye, and G. Saucier. 2010. “Identification and Measurement of a More Comprehensive Set of Person-Descriptive Trait Markers from the English Lexicon.” Journal of Research in Personality 44 (2): 258–272. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.02.003.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.