Effects of urban geometry and green area on thermal condition of urban street canyons in Bangkok

References

• Ali-toudert, F., and H. Mayer. 2005. “ Thermal Comfort in Urban Streets with Trees Under Hot Summer Conditions.” Paper presented at the 22nd international PLEA conference, Notre Dame University, Lebanon.
   Google Scholar
• Ali-Toudert, F., and H. Mayer. 2006. “Numerical Study on the Effects of Aspect Ratio and Orientation of an Urban Street Canyon on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in hot and dry Climate.” Building and Environment 41 (2): 94–108. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arifwidodo, S. D. 2015. “Factors Contributing to Urban Heat Island in Bangkok, Thailand.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10 (15): 6435–6439.
   Google Scholar
• Boonjawat, J., K. Niitsu, and S. Kubo. 2000. “Urban Heat Island: Thermal Pollution and Climate Change in Bangkok.” Journal of Health Science 9 (1): 49–55.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler, T. J. 1976. “ Urban Climatology and its Rele6ance to Urban Design.” WMO Technical Note No. 4, WMO NO. 438. Geneva: World Meteorological Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• Fernando, H. J. 2012. Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Goh, K. C., and C. H. Chang. 1999. “The Relationship Between Height to Width Ratios and the Heat Island Intensity at 22:00 h for Singapore.” International Journal of Climatology 19 (9): 1011–1023. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199907)19:9<1011::AID-JOC411>3.0.CO;2-U
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, M. A., and D. J. Sailor. 2009. “Quantifying the Influence of Land-use and Surface Characteristics on Spatial Variability in the Urban Heat Island.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 95 (3-4): 397–406. doi: 10.1007/s00704-008-0017-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, J. A., S. E. Dicks, O. F. Wetterquist, and S. J. Roguski. 1989. “Comparison of Satellite, Ground-Based and Monitoring Techniques for Analyzing the Urban Heat Island.” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 55 (1): 69–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heusinkveld, B. G., G. J. Steeneveld, L. V. Hove, C. M. J. Jacobs, and A. A. M. Holtslag. 2014. “Spatial Variability of the Rotterdam Urban Heat Island as Influenced by Urban Land use.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119: 677–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intaraksa, A., K. Chunkao, and S. Bualert. 2014. “Bowen Ratio Method for Measuring Heat Transfer on Land Cover Change in Establishing Green Patch in Urban Heat Island of Bangkok.” Modern Applied Science 8 (4): 158–173. doi: 10.5539/mas.v8n4p158
   Google Scholar
• Kawashima, S. 1990/1991. “Effect of Vegetation on Surface Temperature in Urban and Suburban Areas in Winter.” Energy and Buildings 15–16: 465–469. doi: 10.1016/0378-7788(90)90022-B
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiehl, J. T., and K. E. Trenberth. 1992. Climate System Modelling (Atmospheric General Circulation Modeling). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Komonveeraket, K. 1998. “ The Effects of Land Cover on Urban Heat Islands in Bangkok Metropolis.” Master of Science (Environmental Science), Chulalongkorn University.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, G. 1997. “An Urban Canopy-Layer Climate Model.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 57 (3-4): 229–244. doi: 10.1007/BF00863615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol, J. E. 1996. “High-resolution Surface Temperature Patterns Related to Urban Morphology in a Tropical City: A Satellite-Based Study.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 35: 135–146. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0135:HRSTPR>2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R. 1973. “City Size and the Urban Heat Island.” Atmospheric Environment 7: 769–779. doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R. 1976. “The Distiction Between Canopy and Boundary-Layer Heat Islands.” Atmosphere 14 (4): 268–277. doi: 10.1080/00046973.1976.9648422
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R. 1981. “Canyon Geometry and the Nocturnal Urban Heat Island: Comparison of Scale Model and Field Observation.” Journal of Climatology 1: 237–254. doi: 10.1002/joc.3370010304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R. 1982. “The Energetic Basis of the Urban Heat Island.” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 108: 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R. 2006. “ Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative Meteorological Observations at Urban Site.” Report No. 81. World Meteorological Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Sakakibara, Y. 1996. “A Numerical Study of the Effect of Urban Geometry upon the Surface Energy Budget.” Atmospheric Environment 30 (3): 487–496. doi: 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00150-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafaghat, A., G. Manteghi, A. Keyvanfar, H. B. Lamit, K. Saito, and D. R. Ossen. 2016. “Street Geometry Factors Influence Urban Microclimate in Tropical Coastal Cities: A Review.” Environmental and Climate Technologies 17 (1): 61–75. doi: 10.1515/rtuect-2016-0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivanit, M., and K. Hokao. 2012. “Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Urban Climate and Environmental Studies: An Application for the City of Bangkok, Thailand.” Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies 9: 83–100.
   Google Scholar
• Takkanon, P. 2016. “A Study of Height to Width Ratios and Urban Heat Island Intensity of Bangkok.” Paper presented at the 4th international conference on countermeasures to urban heat island national university of Singapore, Singapore.
   Google Scholar
• Tong, S., N. H. Wong, S. K. Jusuf, C. L. Tan, H. F. Wong, M. Ignatius, and E. Tan. 2018. “Study on Correlation Between air Temperature and Urban Morphology Parameters in Built Environment in Northern China.” Building and Environment 127: 239–249. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.11.013
   Google Scholar
• United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, & Population Division. 2015. “ World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision.” (ST/ESA/SER.A/366).
   Google Scholar
• Vardoulakis, S., B. E. A. Fisher, and N. Gonzalez-Flesca. 2003. “Modelling air Quality in Street Canyons: A Review.” Atmospheric Environment 37: 155–182. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00857-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, I. D., and G. T. Johnson. 1987. “Graphical Estimation of Sky-View Factors in Urban Environments.” Journal of Climatology 7: 193–197. doi: 10.1002/joc.3370070210
   Google Scholar
• Wong, N. H. 2016. “Urban Heat Island Research: Challenges and Potential.” Frontiers Of ArchitecturalResearch 5: 276–278. doi: 10.1016/j.foar.2016.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, N. H., and S. K. Jusuf. 2008a. “An Assessment Method for Existing Greenery Conditions in a University Campus.” Architectural Science Review 51 (3): 212–222. doi: 10.3763/asre.2008.5126
   Google Scholar
• Wong, N. H., and S. K. Jusuf. 2008b. “GIS-based Greenery Evaluation on Campus Master Plan.” Landscape and Urban Planning 84 (2): 166–182. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita, S., K., Sekine, M., Shoda, K. Yamashita, and Y. Hara. 1986. “On relationships between heat island and sky view factor in the cities of Tama river basin, Japan.” Atmospheric Environment 20: 681–686. doi: 10.1016/0004-6981(86)90182-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar