59
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Systemic Nicotine Exposure in Tobacco Harvesters

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 257-263 | Received 17 Apr 2000, Accepted 15 Jan 2001, Published online: 05 Apr 2010

References

  • Hipke , M. E. 1993 . Green tobacco sickness. . South Med J , 86 ( 9 ) : 989 – 92 .
  • McBride , J. S. , Altman , D. G. Klein , M. 1998 . Green tobacco sickness. . Tobacco Control , 7 ( 3 ) : 294 – 98 .
  • Weizenecker , R. and Deal , W. B. 1970 . Tobacco cropper's sickness. . J Fla Med Assoc , 57 : 13 – 14 .
  • Ballard , T. , Ehlers , J. Freund , E. 1995 . Tobacco sickness: occupational nicotine poisoning in tobacco workers. . Arch Environ Health , 50 ( 5 ) : 384 – 89 .
  • Gellbach , S. H. , Perry , L. D. Williams , W. A. 1975 . Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco. . Lancet , 1 : 478 – 80 .
  • Ghosh , S. K. , Parikh , J. R. Gokani , V. N. 1979 . Studies on occupational health problems during agricultural operation of Indian tobacco workers. A preliminary survey report. . J Occup Med , 21 ( 1 ) : 45 – 47 .
  • Shuller , H. M. and Orloff , M. 1998 . Tobacco‐specific carcinogenic nitrosamines. Ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human lung cancer cells. . Biochem Pharmacol , 55 ( 9 ) : 1377 – 84 .
  • Travell , J. 1960 . Absorption of nicotine from various sites. . Ann NY Acad Sci , 90 : 13 – 30 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. , Jacob , P III Yu , L. 1992 . Intravenous nicotine retards transdermal absorption of nicotine: evidence of blood‐flow‐limited percutaneous absorption. . Clin Pharmacol Ther , 52 : 223 – 30 .
  • 1996 . Annuario Statistico Italiano
  • Jacob , P. III , Yu , L. Wilson , M. 1991 . Selected ion monitoring method for determination of nicotine, cotinine and deuterium‐labeled analogs: absence of an isotope effect in the clearance of (S)‐nicotine‐3′,3′‐d2 in humans. . Biol Mass Spectrom , 20 ( 5 ) : 247 – 52 .
  • Fantozzi , P. , De Stefano , A. Santi , R. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Shea Butter: preliminary results . Third Italian Conference on Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications . Grignano, Trieste, Italy.
  • Fantozzi , P. , Chiesara , E. Marubini , L. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Leaf Protein Research . June 17–21 , pp. 128 – 47 . Russia : Rostovon‐Don .
  • Gehlbach , S. H. , Williams , W. A. and Freeman , J. I. 1979 . Protective clothing as a means of reducing nicotine absorption in tobacco harvesters. . Arch Environ Health , 34 ( 2 ) : 111 – 14 .
  • Ghosh , S. K. , Gokani , V. N. Parikh , J. R. 1997 . Protection against “green symptoms” from tobacco in Indian harvesters: a preliminary intervention study. . Arch Environ Health , 42 ( 2 ) : 121 – 23 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. and Jacob , P III . 1994 . Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method. . Clin Pharm Ther , 56 : 483 – 93 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. , Jacob , P III Jones , R. T. 1982 . Interindividual variability in the metabolism and cardiovascular effects of nicotine in man. . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 221 : 368 – 72 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. and Jacob , P III . 1993 . Nicotine and cotinine elimination pharmacokinetics in smokers and nonsmokers. . Clin Pharmacol Ther , 53 : 316 – 23 .
  • Ghosh , S. K. , Parikh , J. R. Gokani , V. N. 1985 . Occupational health problems among tobacco processing workers: a preliminary study. . Arch Environ Health , 40 ( 6 ) : 318 – 21 .
  • Ghosh , S. K. , Parikh , J. R. Gokani , V. N. 1986 . Occupational health problems among workers handling Virginia tobacco. . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 58 : 47 – 52 .
  • Gehlbach , S. H. , Williams , W. A. Perry , L. D. 1974 . Green‐tobacco sickness. An illness of tobacco harvesters. . JAMA , 229 ( 14 ) : 1880 – 83 .
  • McKnight , R. H. , Levine , E. J. and Rodgers , G. C. Jr . 1994 . Detection of green tobacco sickness by a regional poison center. . Vet Human Toxicol , 36 ( 6 ) : 505 – 10 .
  • McKnight , R. H. , Kryscio , R. J. Mays , J. R. 1996 . Spatial and temporal clustering of an occupational poisoning: the example of green tobacco sickness. . Stat Med , 15 ( 7–9 ) : 747 – 57 .
  • Aprea , C. , Sciarra , G. Sartorelli , P. 1996 . Esposizione a fenitrothion durante la spillatura di piante ornamentali in serra. ‘Phenitrothion exposure during preparation of ornamental plants in greenhouse.’ . Folia Med , 67 ( 2 ) : 421 – 29 .
  • Davis , R. A. , Stiles , M. F. de Bethisy , J. D. 1991 . Dietary nicotine: a source of urinary cotinine. . Food Chem Toxicol , 29 ( 12 ) : 821 – 27 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. and Gourlay , S. G. 1997 . Cardiovascular toxicity of nicotine: implications for nicotine replacement therapy. . J Am Coll Cardiol , 29 ( 7 ) : 1422 – 31 .
  • Benowitz , N. L. 1991 . Nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy. . JAMA , 266 ( 22 ) : 3174 – 77 .
  • Slotkin , T. A. 1998 . Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure: which one is worse? . J Pharmacol Exp Ther , 285 : 931 – 45 .
  • O'Hara , B. F. , Macdonald , E. Clegg , D. 1999 . Developmental changes in nicotinic receptor mRNAs and responses to nicotine in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other brain regions. . Brain Res Mol Brain Res , 66 ( 1–2 ) : 71 – 82 .
  • Ajarem , J. S. and Ahmad , M. 1998 . Prenatal nicotine exposure modifies behavior of mice through early development. . Pharmacol Biochem Behav , 59 ( 2 ) : 313 – 18 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.