102
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Floristic Analysis of the Distribution of Ephemeral Plants in Treeline Areas of the Western United States

Pages 251-260 | Published online: 01 Jun 2018

References Cited

  • Bamberg, S. A. and Major, J., 1968: Ecology of the vegetation and soils associated with calcareous parent materials in three alpine regions in Montana. Ecological Monographs, 38: 127–167.
  • Bell, K. L., 1974: Autecology of Kobresia bellardii: Why winter snow accumulation patterns affect local distribution. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alberta. 167 pp.
  • Bell, K. L. and Johnson, R. E., 1980: Alpine flora of the Wassuk Range, Mineral County, Nevada. Madroño, 27: 25–35.
  • Billings, W. D., 1974: Adaptations and origins of alpine plants. Arctic and Alpine Research, 6: 129–142.
  • Billings, W. D., 1984: Personal communication. Department of Botany, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706.
  • Bliss, L. C., 1956: A comparison of plant development and micro-environment in arctic and alpine tundras. Ecological Monographs, 26: 303–337.
  • Bliss, L. C., 1969: Alpine community pattern in relation to environmental parameters. In Greenridge, K. N. H. (ed.), Essays in Plant Geography and Ecology. Halifax, N.S.: Nova Scotia Museum, 167–184.
  • Bliss, L. C., 1971: Arctic and alpine plant life cycles. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2: 405–438.
  • Buckingham, N. M. and Tisch, E. L., 1979: Vascular plants of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. National Park Service UW/CPSU Report, B–79–2. 74 pp.
  • Chabot, B. F. and Billings, W. D., 1972: Origins and ecology of the Sierran alpine flora and vegetation. Ecological Monographs, 42: 163–199.
  • Clausen, J., 1969: The Harvey Monroe Hall Natural Area. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Plant Biology Publication, 459. 48 pp.
  • Clokey, I. W., 1951: Flora of the Charleston Mountains, Clark County, Nevada. University of California Publications in Botany. 274 pp.
  • Cronquist, A., Holmgren, A. H., Holmgren, N. H., Reveal, J. K., and Holmgren, P. K., 1977: Intermountain Flora. Vol. 6. New York: Columbia University Press. 584 pp.
  • Douglas, G. W. and Bliss, L. C., 1977: Alpine and high subalpine plant communities of the North Cascades Range, Washington and British Columbia. Ecological Monographs, 47: 113–150.
  • Edwards, O., 1975: Research on the “Climbing Zone” Mt. Rainier, Vegetation Impact Study. Progress Report to the National Park Service, Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington. 73 pp.
  • Franklin, J. F. and Dyrness, C. T., 1973: Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, PNW-8. 417 pp.
  • Harrington, H. D., 1954: Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Denver: Sage Books. 666 pp.
  • Hayward, C. L., 1952: Alpine biotic communities of the Uinta Mountains, Utah. Ecological Monographs, 22: 93–120.
  • Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Ownbery, M., and Thompson, J. W., 1969: Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Vols. 1–5. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Howell, J. T., 1951: The arctic-alpine flora of three peaks in the Sierra Nevada. Leaflets Western Botany, 6: 141–154.
  • Hultén, E., 1937: Outline of the History of Arctic and Boreal Biota During the Quaternary Period. Stockholm: Bokforlags Aktiebolaget Thule. 168 pp.
  • Jackson, L. E., 1982: Distribution, phenology, and water relations of three plant life forms near treeline in the Sierra Nevada, California. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington. 165 pp.
  • Jackson, L. E. and Bliss, L. C., 1982: Distribution of ephemeral herbaceous plants near treeline in the Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research, 14: 33–42.
  • Johnson, P. L. and Billings, W. D., 1962: The alpine vegetation of the Beartooth Plateau in relation to cryopedogenic processes and patterns. Ecological Monographs, 32: 105–135.
  • Johnson, K. L., 1970: Alpine vegetation and soils of Mesa Seco Plateau, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois. 217 pp.
  • Klikoff, L. G., 1965: Micro-environmental influence on vegetational pattern near timberline in the Central Sierra Nevada. Ecological Monographs, 35: 187–210.
  • Komárková, V., 1979: Alpine Vegetation of the Indian Peaks Area, Front Range, Colorado Rocky Mountains. R. Tüxen (ed.), Flora et Vegetatio Mundi 7.2 vols. Vaduz: Cramer. 591 pp.
  • Komárková, V., 1981: Personal communication. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309.
  • Lindsey, A. A., 1955: Testing the line strip method against full tallies in diverse forest types. Ecology, 36: 485–495.
  • Little, E. L., 1941: Alpine flora of San Francisco Mountain, Arizona. Madrono, 6: 65–81.
  • Lloyd, R. M. and Mitchell, R. S., 1973: A Flora of the White Mountains, California and Nevada. Berkeley: University of California Press. 202 pp.
  • Löve, D., 1970: Subarctic and subalpine: where and what? Arctic and Alpine Research, 2: 63–73.
  • Major, J. and Bamberg, S. A., 1967: Some Cordilleran plants disjunct in the Sierra Nevada of California, and their bearing on Pleistocene ecological conditions. In Wright, H. E. and Osburn, W. H. (eds.), Arctic and Alpine Environments. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 171–189.
  • Marr, J. W., 1961: Ecosystems of the east slope of the Front Range in Colorado. University of Colorado Studies Series in Biology, 8. 134 pp.
  • Marr, J. W., Clark, J. M., Osburn, W. S., and Paddock, M. W., 1968: Data on mountain environments III. Front Range, Colorado. University of Colorado Studies Series in Biology, 29. 181 pp.
  • McDougall, W. B., 1973: Seed Plants of Northern Arizona. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona. 594 pp.
  • Mooney, H. A., 1973: Plant communities and vegetation. In Lloyd, R. M. and Mitchell, R. S. (eds.), A Flora of the White Mountains, California and Nevada. Berkeley: University of California Press, 7–17.
  • Mulroy, T. W. and Rundel, P. W., 1977: Annual plants: Adaptations to desert environments. BioScience, 27: 109–114.
  • Munz, P. A., 1973: A California Flora and Supplement. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1905 pp.
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1965–1980: Climatological Data, California. Environmental Data and Information Service.
  • Raunkiaer, C., 1934: The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Translated by H. G. Carter, A. Fausboll, and A. G. Tansley. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 632 pp.
  • Raven, P. H. and Axelrod, D. I., 1978: Origin and Relationships of the California Flora. Berkeley: University of California Press. 134 pp.
  • Spira, T., 1983: Personal communication. Department of Biology, Georgia Southern College, Statesboro, Georgia 30460–8042.
  • Sharsmith, C. W., 1940: A contribution to the history of the alpine flora of the Sierra Nevada. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. 274 pp.
  • Stebbins, G. L. and Major, J., 1965: Endemism and speciation in the California flora. Ecological Monographs, 35: 1–35.
  • Teeri, J. A. and Stowe, L. G., 1976: Climatic patterns and the distribution of C4 grasses in North America. Oecologia, 23: 1–12.
  • Weber, W. A., 1976: Rocky Mountain Flora. Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press. 479 pp.
  • Went, F. W., 1953: Annual plants at high altitudes in the Sierra Nevada, California. Madrono, 12: 109–114.
  • Willard, B. E., 1981: Personal communication. Department of Environmental Science, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401.
  • Zwinger, A. H. and Willard, B. E., 1972: Land Above the Trees. New York: Harper and Row. 489 pp.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.