References Cited
- Barclay-Estrup, P. and Gimingham, C. H., 1975: Seed-shedding in heather (Calluna vulgaris [L.] Hull). Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 42: 275–278.
- Bayfield, N. G., 1979: Recovery of four montane heath communities on Cairngorm, Scotland, from disturbance by trampling. Biological Conservation, 15: 165–179.
- Bayfield, N. G., 1984: The dynamics of heather (Calluna vulgaris) stripes in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Journal of Ecology, 72: 515–527.
- Bayfield, N. G., 1986: Penetration of the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland, by vehicle tracks and footpaths. In Lucas, R. C. (ed.), Proceedings — National Wilderness Research Conference: Current Research. Ogden: U.S. Forest Service, Inter-mountain Research Station, 121–128.
- Bayfield, N. G., Urquhart, U. H., and Rothery, P., 1984: Colonization of bulldozed track verges in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 21: 343–354.
- Billings, W. D., 1974: Arctic and alpine vegetation: Plant adaptations to cold summer climates. In Ives, J. D. and Barry, R. G. (eds.), Arctic and Alpine Environments. London: Methuen, 403–443.
- Björkmann, E., 1945: Studier över ljusets betydelse för föryngringens höjdtillväxt på Norrländska tallhedar. Meddelanden från Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt, 34: 497–542.
- Fenner, M., 1985: Seed Ecology. London: Chapman and Hall. 151 pp.
- Fox, J. F., 1983: Germinable seed banks of interior Alaskan tundra. Arctic and Alpine Research, 15: 405–411.
- Gartner, B. L., Chapin, F. S., III, and Shaver, G. R., 1983: Demographic patterns of seedling establishment and growth of native graminoids in an Alaskan tundra disturbance. Journal of Applied Ecology, 20: 965–980.
- Gimingham, C. H., 1960: Biological flora of the British Isles: Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Journal of Ecology, 48: 455–483.
- Harper, J. L. and White, J., 1974: The demography of plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 5: 419–463.
- Jenny, H., Gessel, S. P., and Bingham, F. T., 1949: Comparative study of decomposition rates of organic matter in temperate and tropical regions. Soil Science, 68: 419–432.
- Jensen, H. A., (1969): Content of buried seeds in arable soil in Denmark and its relation to the weed population. Dansk botanisk Arkiv, 27: 1–56.
- Johnson, E. A., 1975: Buried seed populations in the subarctic forest east of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53: 2933–2941.
- McGraw, J. B., 1980: Seed bank size and distribution of seeds in cottongrass tussock tundra, Eagle Creek, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany, 58: 1607–1611.
- McVean, D. N. and Ratcliffe, D. A., 1962: Plant Communities of the Scottish Highlands. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 445 pp.
- Miller, G. R. and Cummins, R. P., 1976: Seed production on mountains. Annual Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, 1975: 35–36.
- Miller, G. R. and Cummins, R. P., 1985: How important are banks of buried seeds in the Cairngorm Mountains? Annual Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, 1984: 101–104.
- Nethersole-Thompson, D. and Watson, A., 1981: The Cairngorms. 2nd ed. Perth: The Melven Press. 317 pp.
- Olson, J. S., 1963: Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems. Ecology, 44: 322–331.
- Putwain, P. D., Gillham, D. A., and Holliday, R. J., 1982: Restoration of heather moorland and lowland heathland, with special reference to pipelines. Environmental Conservation, 9: 225–235.
- Thompson, K., 1978: The occurrence of buried viable seeds in relation to environmental gradients. Journal of Biogeography, 5: 425–430.
- Watson, A., 1985: Soil erosion and vegetation damage near ski lifts at Cairn Gorm, Scotland. Biological Conservation, 33: 363–381.
- Watt, A. S., 1955: Bracken versus heather, a study in plant sociology. Journal of Ecology, 43: 490–506.