160
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Dependence of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine on Clark's Nutcracker For Regeneration at High Elevations

Pages 358-362 | Published online: 07 May 2018

REFERENCES CITED

  • Connor, K. F., 1987: Personal communication. Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322.
  • Crocq, C., 1978: Écologie du Casse-noix (Nucifraga caryocataces L.) dans les Alpes françaises du sud. Thèse, l'Univ. d'Aix-Marseille. 189 pp.
  • Dement'ev, G. P., Gladkov, N. A., Sudilovskaya, A. M., Spangenberg, E. P., Boehme, L. V., Volchanetskii, I. B., Vointsvenskii, M. A., Gorkachovskaya, N. N., Korelov, M. N., and Rustamov, A. K., 1954: Birds of the Soviet Union, Vol. V. (Translated from Russian by Israel Programme for Scientific Translation for Smithsonian Institution and National Science Foundation), 101–103.
  • Furnier, G. R., Knowles, P., Clyde, M. A., and Dancik, B. P., 1987: Effects of avian seed dispersal on the genetic structure of whitebark pine populations. Evolution, 41: 607–612.
  • Giuntoli, M. and Mewaldt, L. R., 1978: Stomach contents of Clark's nutcracker collected in western Montana. The Auk, 95: 595–598.
  • Hutchins, H. E. and Lanner, R. M., 1982: The central role of Clark's nutcracker in the dispersal and establishment of whitebark pine. Oecologia, 55: 192–201.
  • LaMarche, V. C., Jr., 1969: Environment in relation to age of bristlecone pine. Ecology, 50: 53–59.
  • Lanner, R. M., 1980: Avian seed dispersal as a factor in the ecology and evolution of limber and whitebark pines. In Dancik, B. P. and Higginbotham, K. O. (eds.), Sixth North American Forest Biology Workshop, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Proceedings, 15–48.
  • Lanner, R. M., 1982: Adaptations of whitebark pine for seed dispersal by Clark's nutcracker. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 12: 391–402.
  • Lanner, R. M., 1984: Trees of the Great Basin: A Natural History. Reno: University of Nevada Press. 216 pp. + 40 pl.
  • Lanner, R. M. and Vander Wall, S. B., 1980: Dispersal of limber pine seeds by Clark's nutcracker. Journal of Forestry, 78: 637–639.
  • Lanner, R. M., Hutchins, H. E., and Lanner, H. A., 1984: Bristlecone pine and Clark's nutcracker: Probable interaction in the White Mountains, California. Great Basin Naturalist, 44: 357–360.
  • Linhart, Y–. B. and Tomback, D. F., 1985: Seed dispersal by nutcrackers causes multi-trunk growth form in pines. Oecologia, 67: 107–110.
  • Mattes, H., 1982: Die Lebensgemeinschaft von Tannenhäher und Arve. Eidgenossische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen, Berichte, 241. 74 pp.
  • Peattie, D. C., 1953: A Natural History of Western Trees. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. 751 pp.
  • Saito, S.-I., 1983: On relations of the caching by animals on the seed germination of Japanese stone pine, Pinus pumila Regel. Shiretoko Museum Bulletin, 5: 23–40.
  • Schulman, E., 1954: Longevity under adversity in conifers. Science, 119: 396–399.
  • Tomback, D. F., 1978: Foraging strategies of Clark's nutcracker. The Living Bird, 16: 123–161.
  • Vander Wall, S. B. and Balda, R. P., 1977: Coadaptations of the Clark's nutcracker and the pinon pine for efficient seed harvest and dispersal. Ecological Monographs, 47: 89–111.
  • Vander Wall, S. B. and Balda, R. P., 1981: Ecology and evolution of food-storage behavior in conifer-seed-caching corvids. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 56: 217–242.
  • Vander Wall, S. B. and Hutchins, H. E., 1983: Dependence of Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana, on conifer seeds during the postfledging period. Canadian Field Naturalist, 97: 208–214.
  • Woodmansee, R. G., 1977: Clusters of limber pine trees: A hypothesis of plant-animal coaction. Southwestern Naturalist, 21: 511–517.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.