Diel Variations in Iron Chemistry in an Acidic Stream in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.

REFERENCES CITED

• Bencala, K. E. and McKnight, D. M., 1987: Identifying in-stream variability: sampling iron in an acidic stream. In Averett, R. C. and McKnight, D. M. (eds.), Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Lewis Publishers, 255–262.
   Google Scholar
• Bencala, K. E., McKnight, D. M., and Zellweger, G. W., 1987: Evaluation of natural tracers in an acidic and metal-rich stream. Water Resources Research, 23: 827–836.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock, T. D. and Gustafson, J., 1976: Ferric iron reduction by sulfur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 32: 567–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collienne, R. H., 1983: Photoreduction of iron in the epilimnion of acidic lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 28: 83–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, K. M., Goldberg, M. C., and Weiner, E. R., 1985: The aqueous photolysis of ethylene glycol adsorbed on goethite. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 41: 409–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, K. M., Goldberg, M. C., and Weiner, E. R., 1987: An examination of iron oxyhydroxide photochemistry as a possible source of hydroxyl radical in natural waters. In Averett, R. C. and McKnight, D. M. (eds.), Chemical Quality of Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Lewis Publishers, 359–363.
   Google Scholar
• Dullin, D. and Mill, T., 1982: Development and evaluation of sunlight actinometers. Environmental Science and Technology, 16: 815–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franko, D. A. and Heath, R. T., 1982: UV-sensitive complex phosphorous: Association with dissolved humic material and iron in a bog lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 27: 564–569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, A. J. (in press): The determination of ferrous iron in natural waters. In: Chemical Field Methods. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques for Water Resources Investigations.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, W. M., Jr. and Grant, M. C., 1979: Relationships between flushing and yield of dissolved substances from a mountain watershed. Soil Science, 128: 353–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen, E. L., Morgan, M. D., and Good, R. E., 1986: Simultaneous photoreduction and microbial oxidation of iron in a stream in the New Jersey Pinelands. Limnology and Oceanography, 31: 832–838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKnight, D. M., Bencala, K. E., and Kimball, B. A., 1988: Photoreduction of hydrous iron oxides in acidic mountain streams. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 87–764.
   Google Scholar
• McKnight, D. M. and Feder, G. L., 1984: The ecological effect of acid conditions and precipitation of hydrous metal oxides in a Rocky Mountain stream. Hydrobiologia, 119: 129–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKnight, D. M., Kimball, B. A., and Bencala, K. E., 1988: Iron photoreduction and oxidation in an acidic mountain stream. Science, 240: 637–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, J. W., 1969: The annual and diurnal variation in the vertical distribution of acid-soluble ferrous and total iron in a small dimictic lake. Limnology and Oceanography, 14: 357–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, C. J. and Brezonik, P. L., 1981: Oxygen consumption in humic-colored waters by a photochemical ferrous-ferric catalytic cycle. Environmental Science and Technology, 15: 1089–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, R. E. and Wentz, D. A., 1974: Effects of metal-mine drainage on water quality in selected areas of Colorado, 1972–73. Colorado Water Resources Circular, 25. 250 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Nordstrom, D. K., 1982: Aqueous pyrite oxidation and the consequent formation of secondary iron minerals. In Kittrick, J. A., Fanning, D. S., and Hessner, L. R. (eds.), Acid Sulfate Weathering. Madison, Wisc.: Soil Science Society of America, 37–57.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, C. A., 1968: Photoluminescence of Solutions—With Application to Photochemistry and Analytical Chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 478–481.
   Google Scholar
• Sugio, T., Domatsu, C., Munakata, O., Tano, T., and Imai, K., 1985: Role of ferric iron-reducing system in sulfur oxidation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 49: 1401–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theobald, P. K., Jr., Lakin, H. W., and Hawkins, D. B., 1963: The precipitation of aluminum, iron and manganese at the junction of Deer Creek with the Snake River in Summit County, Colorado. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 27: 121–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurman, E. M., 1985: Determination of aquatic humic substances in natural waters. Selected papers in the Hydrologic Sciences. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, 2270: 47–52.
   Google Scholar
• Waite, T. D. and Morel, F. M. M., 1984a: Photoreductive dissolution of colloidal iron oxides: Effect of citrate. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 102: 121–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waite, T. D. and Morel, F. M. M., 1984b: Photoreductive dissolution of colloidal iron oxides in natural waters. Environmental Science and Technology, 18: 860–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zepp, R. G., 1980: Assessing the photochemistry of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. In Haque, R. (ed.), Dynamics, Exposure and Hazard Assessment of Toxic Chemicals. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ann Arbor Press, 69–110.
   Google Scholar