The Bog Landforms of Continental Western Canada in Relation to Climate and Permafrost Patterns

References Cited

• Atmospheric Environment Service, 1982: Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980. Volume 2: Temperature, Volume 3: Precipitation. Environment Canada, Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Bobbette, R. S. W. and Jeglum, J. K., 1990: Vegetation classification and landsat-based analysis of peatland in the Haileybury Clay Plain, Ontario. Forestry Canada Information Report, O-X–407.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R. J. E., 1966: The relationship between mean annual air and ground temperatures in the permafrost regions of Canada. Proceedings of the International Permafrost Conference, National Research Council Publication, 1287: 241–246.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R. J. E., 1967: Permafrost in Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Map 1246A.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R. J. E., 1970: Occurrence of permafrost in Canadian peatlands. Proceedings of the Third International Peat Congress, Quebec, 174–181.
   Google Scholar
• Buteau, P., 1989: Atlas des tourbières du Québec méridional. Ministère de l'Énergie et des Resources, Service géologique du Québec. 162 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Chatwin, S., 1981: Permafrost aggradation and degradation in a sub-arctic peatland. M. Sc. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton. 176 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Damman, A. W. H., 1979: Geographic patterns in peatland development in eastern North America. Proceedings of the International Symposium on classification of peat and peatlands, Hyytiäiä, Finland, 42–57.
   Google Scholar
• Dionne, J.-C., 1984: Palses et limite méridionale du pergélisol dans L'hemisphère Nord: Le cas de Blanc-Sablon, Québec. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, 38: 165–184.
   Google Scholar
• Dionne, J.-C. and Séguin, M. K., 1992: Recherches sur le pergélisol dans la région de Blanc-Sablon, Québec. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 92–1: 59–65.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, D. R., Wright, H. E., Jr., Thelaus, M., and King, G. A. 1988: Bog development and landform dynamics in central Sweden and south-eastern Labrador, Canada. Journal of Ecology, 76: 409–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gignac, L. D., Vitt, D. H., Zoltai, S. C., and Bayley, S. E., 1991: Bryophyte response surfaces along climatic, chemical, and physical gradients in peatlands of western Canada. Nova Hedwigia, 53: 27–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gignac, L. D. and Vitt, D. H., 1994: Responses of northern peatlands to climate change: Effects on bryophytes. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 68: (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, P. H., 1987: The development of streamlined bog islands in the continental interior of North America. Arctic and Alpine Research, 19: 402–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, P. H., 1992a: Ecological development of patterned peatlands. In Wright, H. E., Jr., Coffin, B. A., and Aaseng, A. E., (eds.), The Patterned Peatlands of Minnesota. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 27–42.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, P. H., 1992b: Raised bogs in eastern North America-regional controls for species richness and floristic assemblages. Journal of Ecology, 80: 535–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, P. H. and Janssens, J. A., 1986: Raised bogs in eastern North America: transitions in landforms and stratigraphy. Canadian Journal of Botany, 64: 395–415.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, P. H., Janssens, J. A., and Siegel, D. I., 1990: The response of vegetation to chemical and hydrological gradients in the Lost River peatland, northern Minnesota. Journal of Ecology, 78: 1021–1048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, D. M., 1959: Some characteristics of the climate in forest and tundra regions of Alaska. Arctic, 12: 215–220.
   Google Scholar
• Horton, D. G., Vitt, D. H., and Slack, N. G., 1979: Habitats of circumboreal-subarctic Sphagna. I. A quantitative analysis and review of species in the Caribou Mountains, northern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany, 57: 2283–2317.
   Google Scholar
• Jacoby, G. C. and D'Arrigo, R., 1989: Reconstructed northern hemisphere annual temperature since 1671 based on high latitude tree-ring data from North America. Climatic Change, 14: 39–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssens, J. A., Hansen, B. C. S., Glaser, P. H., and Whitlock, C., 1992: Development of a raised-bog complex. In Wright, H. E., Jr., Coffin, B. A., and Aaseng, A. E., (eds.), The Patterned Peatlands of Minnesota. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 189–222.
   Google Scholar
• Kershaw, G. P. and Gill, D., 1979: Growth and decay of palsas and peat plateaus in the Macmillan Pass-Tsichu River area, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16: 1362–1374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys, D. and Henderson, R. E., 1983: An investigation of the peatlands of New Brunswick. Mineral Resources Division, New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources Open File Report, 83–10. 269 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Kubiw, H., Hickman, M., and Vitt, D. H., 1989: The developmental history of peatlands at Muskiki and Marguerite Lakes, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67: 3534–3544.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhry, P., 1992. Personal communication, Department of Botany, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhry, P., Halsey, L. A., Bayley, S. E., and Vitt, D. H., 1992: Peatland development in relation to Holocene climatic change in Manitoba and Saskatchewan (Canada). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29: 1070–1090.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhry, P., Nicholson, B. J., Vitt, D. H., and Bayley, S. E., 1993: Development of Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in boreal continental Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 71: 10–22.
   Google Scholar
• LaFarge-England, C., Vitt, D. H., and England, J., 1991: Holocene soligenous fens on a high arctic fault block, northern Ellesmere Island (82°N), N.W.T., Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, 23: 80–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, N. G. and Futyma, R. P., 1987: Paleohydrological implications of Holocene peatland development in northern Michigan. Quaternary Research, 27: 297–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Wetlands Working Group, 1986: Canada's Wetlands. Map of Wetland Regions and Distribution in Canada. Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada. Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson, B. J., 1993: The wetlands of Elk Island National Park: vegetation, development, and chemistry. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton. 166 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson, B. J. and Vitt, D. H., 1990: The paleoecology of a peatland complex in continental western Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68: 121–138.
   Google Scholar
• Pala, S. and Boissonneau, A. N., 1982: Wetland classification maps for the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 109: 653–659.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, J. L., 1987: Peat and peatland resources of northeastern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5631. 261 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Seppälä, M., 1988: Palsas and related forms. In Clark, M. J. (ed.), Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology. Chichester: Wiley, 247–278.
   Google Scholar
• Tarnocai, C., 1972: The use of remote sensing techniques to study peatland and vegetation types, organic soils and permafrost in the boreal region of Manitoba. Proceedings of the First Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, 323–335.
   Google Scholar
• Tedrow, J. C. F. and Harries, H., 1960: Tundra soils in relation to vegetation, permafrost, and glaciation. Oikos, 11: 237–249.
   Google Scholar
• Thie, J., 1974: Distribution and thawing of permafrost in the southern part of the discontinuous permafrost zone in Manitoba. Arctic, 27: 189–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H., 1990: Growth and production dynamics of boreal mosses over climatic, chemical and topographic gradients. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 104: 35–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H., (Project Leader), 1992: The peatlands of Alberta: A 1:1,000,000 summary map. Edited by Nicholson, B. J., and Halsey, L. A., Alberta Forestry, Lands, and Wildlife and Maps Alberta, Edmonton.
   Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H. and Chee, W.-L., 1990: The relationships of vegetation to surface water chemistry and peat chemistry in fens of Alberta, Canada. Vegetatio, 89: 87–106.
   Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H., Horton, D. G., Slack, N. G., and Maimer, N., 1990: Sphagnum-dominated peatlands of the hyperoceanic British Columbia coast: patterns in surface water chemistry and vegetation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 20: 696–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H. and Kuhry, P., 1992: Changes in moss-dominated wetland ecosystems. In Bates, J. W. and Farmer, A. M. (eds.), Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 178–210.
   Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H., Bayley, S. E., and Jin, T.-L., submitted: Seasonal variation in water chemistry over a bog-rich fen gradient in continental western Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, B. G., 1989: Geological and paleoecological aspects of some Sphagnum bogs in Ontario. In Bardecki, M. J. and Patterson, N. (eds.), Wetlands: Inertia or momentum? Don Mills: Federation of Ontario Naturalists, 329–338.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, C., 1992: Climate in Canada, 1809–20: Three approaches to the Hudson's Bay Company archives as an historical database. In Harington, C. R. (ed.), The Year Without a Summer? Canadian Museum of Nature: Ottawa, 97–114.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1971: Southern limit of permafrost features in peat landforms, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper, 9: 305–310.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1972: Palsas and peat plateaus in central Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2: 291–302.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1975: Southern limit of coniferous trees on the Canadian prairies. Environment Canada, Forestry Service, Northern Forest Research Centre, Information Report, NOR-X–128. 11 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1993: Cyclic development of permafrost in the peatlands of northwestern Alberta. Arctic and Alpine Research, 25: 240–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C. and Tarnocai, C., 1975: Perennially frozen peatlands in the western arctic and subarctic of Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12: 28–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C. and Johnson, J. D., 1985: Development of a treed bog island in a minerotrophic fen. Canadian Journal of Botany, 63: 1076–1085.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., Taylor, S., Jeglum, J. K., Mills, G. G., and Johnson, J. D., 1988: Wetlands of boreal Canada. In Rubec, C. D. A. (Co-ordinator), Wetlands of Canada. Montreal: Polyscience Publications Inc., 97–154.
   Google Scholar