148
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Subnivean and Emergent Microclimate, Photosynthesis, and Growth in Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, a Snowbank Geophyte

&
Pages 21-28 | Published online: 03 May 2018

References Cited

  • Baker N. R. and Bradbury, M., 1981: Possible applications of chlorophyll fluorescence techniques for studying photosynthesis in vivo. In Smith, H. (ed.). Plants and the Daylight Spectrum, London: Academic Press, 355–373.
  • Billings, W. D., 1973: Arctic and alpine vegetation: similarities, differences, susceptibility to disturbance. BioScience, 23: 697–704.
  • Billings, W. D., 1974: Adaptations and origins of alpine plants. Arctic and Alpine Research, 6: 129–142.
  • Billings, W. D. and Bliss, L. C., 1959: An alpine snowbank environment and its effects on vegetation, plant development, and productivity. Ecology, 40: 388–397.
  • Bliss, L. C., 1962: Caloric and lipid content in alpine tundra plants. Ecology, 43: 753–757.
  • Butler, W. L., 1978: Energy distribution in the photochemical apparatus of photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 29: 345–378.
  • Caldwell, M. L. H., 1969: Erythronium: comparative phenology of alpine and deciduous forest species in relation to the environment. American Midland Naturalist, 82: 543–558.
  • Daphni, A., Cohan, D., and Noy-Meir, I., 1981: Life cycle variation in geophytes. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 68: 652–660.
  • DeLucia, E. H., 1987: The effect of freezing nights on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and internal CO2 concentrations in seedlings of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Perry). Plant Cell and Environment, 10: 333–338.
  • DeLucia, E. H. and Smith, W. K., 1987: Air and soil temperature limitations on photosynthesis in Engelmann spruce during the summer. Canadian Journal of Botany, 17: 527–533.
  • During, H., Ortoidze, T. V., and Bushnell, B., 1990: Effects of subzero temperatures on chlorophyll fluorescence in grapevine buds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 135: 758–760.
  • Inouye, D. W. and McGuire, A. D., 1991: Effects of snowpack on timing and abundance of flowering in Delphinium nelsonii (Ranunculaceae): implications for climate change. American Journal of Botany, 78: 997–1001.
  • Kawano, S., Hiratsuka, A., and Hayashi, I., 1982: Life history characteristics and survivorship of Erythronium japonicum. Oikos 38: 129–149.
  • Kelley, J. R., Weaver, D. F., and Smith, B. P., 1968: The variation of carbon dioxide under snow in the arctic. Ecology, 49: 358–361.
  • Kellogg, W. W. and Zhao, Z., 1988: Sensitivity of soil moisture to doubling of carbon dioxide in climate model experiment of climate. Part I: North America. Journal of Climate, 1: 348–366.
  • Kimball, S. L., Bennet, S. D., and Salisbury, F. B., 1973: The growth and development of montane species at near freezing temperatures. Ecology, 54: 168–173.
  • Kimball, S. L. and Salisbury, F. B., 1974: Plant development under the snow. Botanical Gazette, 135: 147–149.
  • Knapp, A. K., 1986: Ecophysiology of Zigadenus nutallii, a toxic spring ephemeral in a warm season grassland: effect of defoliation and fire. Oecologia, 71: 69–74.
  • Knight, D. H., Rogers, B. S., and Kyte, C. R., 1977: Understory plant growth in relation to snow duration in Wyoming subalpine forest. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 104: 314–319.
  • Koizumi, H. and Oshima, Y., 1985: Seasonal changes in photosynthesis of four understory herbs in deciduous forests. Botanical Magazine, 98: 1–13.
  • Krause, G. H. and Weiss, E., 1991: Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 42: 313–349.
  • Marchand, P. J., 1987: Life in the Cold: An Introduction to Winter Ecology. Hanover: University of New England Press. 11–32.
  • Mooney, H. A. and Billings, W. D., 1960: The annual carbohydrate cycle of alpine plants as related to growth. American Journal of Botany, 47: 594–598.
  • Muller, R. N., 1978: The phenology, growth, and ecosystem dynamics of Erythronium americanum in the northern hardwood forest. Ecological Monographs, 48: 1–20.
  • Nelson, B. E., 1984: Vascular Plants of the Medicine Bow Range. Laramie, Wy.: Jelm Mountain Press. 357 pp.
  • Nobel, P. S., 1991: Physiochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. San Diego: Academic Press. 635 pp.
  • Oberbauer, S. F. and Billings, W. D., 1981: Drought tolerance and water use by plants along an alpine elevational gradient. Oecologia, 50: 325–331.
  • Richardson, S. G. and Salisbury, F. B., 1977: Plant response to the light penetrating the snow. Ecology, 58: 1152–1158.
  • Rochow, T. F., 1969: Growth, caloric content and sugars in Caltha leptosepela in relation to alpine snowmelt. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 96: 689–698.
  • Salisbury, F. B., 1984: Light conditions and plant growth under the snow. In Merrit, J. F. (ed.), Winter Ecology of Small Mammals. Special Publication of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 10. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 39–50.
  • Schmid, W. D., 1984: Materials and methods of subnivean sampling. In Merrit, J. F. (ed.), Winter Ecology of Small Mammals. Special Publication of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 10. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 25–32.
  • Smith, W. K., 1985: Environmental limitations on leaf conductance in Rocky Mountain conifers, U.S.A. In Turner, H. and Tranquillini, W. (eds.), Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest. Proceedings of the 3rd IUFRO Workshop, 270: 95–101.
  • Smith, W. K., Schoettle, A. W., and Cui, M., 1991: Importance of the method of leaf area measurement to the interpretation of gas exchange of complex shoots. Tree Physiology, 8: 121–127.
  • Sommerfield, R. A., Musselman, R. C., Reuss J. O., and Mosier, A. R., 1991: Preliminary measurements of CO2 in melting snow. Geophysical Research Letters, 18: 1225–1228.
  • Taylor, R. J. and Pearcy, R. N., 1976: Seasonal patterns of the CO2 exchange characteristics of understory plants from a deciduous forest. Canadian Journal of Botany, 53: 1094–1103.
  • Terashima, I., Kashino, Y., and Katoh, S., 1991: Exposure of leaves of Cucumis sativus L. to low temperatures in the light causes uncoupling of thylakoids II: Non-destructive measurements with intact leaves. Plant, Cell and Physiology, 32: 1275–1283.
  • Tieszen, L. L., 1974: Photosynthetic competence of the subnivean vegetation of an arctic tundra. Arctic and Alpine Research, 6: 253–256.
  • von Caemmerer, S. and Farquhar, G. D., 1981: Some relationships between the biochemistry of photosynthesis and gas exchange of leaves. Planta, 153: 367–387.
  • Yoshie, F. and Yoshida, S., 1987: Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of Anemone raddeans, a spring active geophyte, in the temperate region of Japan. Oecologia, 72: 202–206.
  • Young, K. L. and Lewkowicz, A. G., 1990: Surface energy balance of a perennial snowbank, Melville Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, 22: 290–301.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.