Glacier Fluctuations in the Kenai Fjords, Alaska, U.S.A.: An Evaluation of Controls on Iceberg-Calving Glaciers

References Cited

• Alley, R. B., 1991: Sedimentary processes may cause fluctuations of tidewater glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 15: 119–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, C. S., Meier, M. F., and Post, A., 1982: Calving speed of Alaska tidewater glaciers, with application to Columbia Glacier. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1258-C: C1–C3.
   Google Scholar
• Calkin, P. E., 1988: Holocene glaciation of Alaska (and adjoining Yukon Territory, Canada). Quaternary Science Reviews, 7: 159–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, E. R., 1985: A Time Series Approach to Tree-Ring Standardization. Ph.D. dissertation, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona. 171 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Denton, G. H. and Karlén, W., 1977: Holocene glacial and treeline variations in the White River Valley and Skolai Pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory. Quaternary Research, 7: 63–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, U. S. and Higgins, D. F., 1913: Coastal glaciers of Prince William Sound and the Kenai Peninsula. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 526. 75 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, J. M., 1988: The Little Ice Age. London: Methuen. 487 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, J. M. and Switsur, R., 1994: Glacial geological evidence for the Medieval Warm Period. Climate Change, 26: 143–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, R. L., 1983: Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement. Tree-Ring Bulletin. 43: 69–75.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, M. K. and Diaz, H. F., 1994: Was there a ‘Medieval Warm Period’ and if so, where and when? Climate Change 26: 109–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamb, H. H., 1977: Climate: Past. Present and Future. Vol. 2. London: Methuen. 835 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Leonard, E. M., 1984: Late Pleistocene equilibrium-line altitudes and modern snow accumulation patterns, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research, 16: 65–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, D. H., 1986: Reliability of fjord glacier fluctuations for paleoclimatic reconstructions. Quaternary Research. 25: 10–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maraldo, D., Wiles, G. C., Calkin, P. E., and Jacoby, G. C., 1993: Earliest evidence of Little Ice Age glacial advances and cooling in Alaska. Geological Society of America. Abstracts with Programs. 25 (6): 392.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo, L. R., 1988: Advance of Hubbard Glacier and closure of Russell Fiord, Alaska: Environmental effects and hazards in the Yakutat area. U. S. Geological Survey Circular. 1016: 4–16.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo, L. R. and March, R. S., 1990: Air temperature and precipitation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska: glacier growth in a warmer, wetter climate. Annals of Glaciology, 12: 191–194.
   Google Scholar
• Meese, D. A., Gow, A. J., Alley, R. A., Barlow, L., Grootes, P. W., Mayewski, P. A., Ram, M., Taylor, K. C., White, J. W. C., Waddington, E. D., and Zielinski, G. A., 1993: The climate of the last 1000 years as seen in the GISP2 ice cores. EOS, 74: 103.
   Google Scholar
• Meier, M. F. and Post, A., 1987: Fast tidewater glaciers: Journal of Geophysical Research. 92: 9051–9058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, M. F., Rasmussen, L. A., Post, A., Brown, C. S., Sikonia, W. G., Bindshadler, R. A., Mayo, L. R., and Trabant, D. C., 1980: Predicted timing of the disintegration of the lower reach of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report. 80–582. 58 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Mercer, J. H., 1961a: The response of fjord glaciers to changes in the firn limit: Journal of Glaciology. 3(29): 850–858.
   Google Scholar
• Mercer, J. H., 1961b: The estimation of the regimen and former firn limit of a glacier. Journal of Glaciology, 3(30): 1053–1062.
   Google Scholar
• Padginton, C. H., 1993: Reconstruction of Icefield Outlet Glaciers and Little Ice Age Climatic Change, Southern Kenai Mountains, Alaska. MA thesis, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. 88 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Paterson, W. S. B., 1981: The Physics of Glaciers. 2nd ed. New York: Pergamon Press. 380 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Pierce, K. L., 1979: History and dynamics of glaciation in the northern Yellowstone National Park area. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 729F. 90 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, S. C., 1975, Equilibrium-line altitudes of late Quaternary glaciers in the southern Alps, New Zealand. Quaternary Research. 5: 27–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, S. C., 1981: Glaciological evidence of Holocene climatic change. In Wigley, T. M. L., Ingram, M. J., and Farmer, G. (eds.), Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 82–110.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, S. C., 1986: Pattern and forcing of Northern Hemisphere glacier variations during the last millennium. Quaternary Research. 26: 27–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, S. C., 1989: Late Holocene fluctuations of the fiord glacier system in Icy Bay, Alaska, U. S. A. Arctic and Alpine Research, 21: 364–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post, A., 1975: Preliminary hydrography and historical terminal changes of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Atlas. Map HA-559, 1:10,000.
   Google Scholar
• Post, A., 1980a: Preliminary bathymetry of Northwestern Fiord and Neoglacial changes of Northwestern Glacier. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report, 80–114, 2 sheets.
   Google Scholar
• Post, A., 1980b: Preliminary bathymetry of Aialik Bay and Neoglacial changes of Aialik an Pederson Glaciers. U. S. Geological Survey, Open File Report, 80–423, 2 sheets.
   Google Scholar
• Post, A., 1980c: Preliminary bathymetry of McCarty Fiord and Neoglacial changes of McCarty Glacier, Alaska. U. S. Geological Survey, Open File Report, 80–424, 4 sheets.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, R. D., 1991: Grounding-line systems as second-order controls on fluctuations of tidewater termini of temperature glaciers: Geological Society of America Special Paper, 261: 75–93.
   Google Scholar
• Rind, D. and Overpeck, J., 1993: Hypothesized causes of decade-to-century-variability: climate model results. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12: 357–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes, M. A. and Smiley, T. L., 1968: An Introduction to Tree Ring Dating. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 73 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J., 1993: Extended l4C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 l4C age calibration program. Radiocarbon, 35: 215–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tetreau, M., 1994: Personal communication. Kenai Fjords National Park, Seward, Alaska, U.S.A.
   Google Scholar
• Warren, C. R., 1992: Iceberg calving and the glacioclimatic record. Progress in Physical Geography, 16: 253–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiles, G. C. and Calkin, P. E., 1993: Neoglacial fluctuations and sedimentation of an iceberg-calving glacier resolved with tree rings (Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska). Quaternary International, 18: 35–42.
   Google Scholar
• Wiles, G. C. and Calkin, P. E., 1994: Late Holocene, high resolution glacial chronologies and climate, Kenai Mountains, Alaska. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106: 281–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar